Presentation Zettelmaier WG IMP 4th meeting 10 11 23

Baltic Sea ParliamentaryConferenceMARPOL Annex VITECHNOLOGY &COMPLIANCERamona ZettelmaierLloyd’s RegisterOverviewInternational Regulations•SOx reduction•CO2 reduction•NOx reduction•Conclusion and action points for•further developmentDiesel Engine NO EmissionxLimitsMARPOL Annex VI TIERLiquid and dual fuelled enginesNO NOx xBased principally on ship construction dateg/kWh g/kWh0 I II IIIn = 130 – 1999: 45.n-0.2 44.n-0.23 9.n-0.2n – engine rated speed17.0(rpm)Outside ECA-NOx14.49.87.7Note: Bothvertical axesEngines > 5MW & ≥90 l/cyl ECA-NOxUpper limit, n 3.4If ‘Approved Method’ Availableless than 1302.0rpm. Lower limit,n 2000 rpm andabove1990 2000 2011 2016 – (2013 review)ECA-NO : Emission Control Area for NO controlx xCurrently: North AmericaMARPOL Annex VI, SO & PM ControlxCompliance on Basis of Fuel Oils asLoaded1.1.2012* Depending on the outcome of a review of fuel oil availability,to be completed 2018, the 2020 date could be deferred to 20254.50% 1.1.2020* 1.1.20253.50%Outside ECA-SOFuel oil xEU Sulphur Directivesulphur1.7.2010‘At Berth’ limit fromlimits1.1.20151.1.2010 – LR FAQ1.50%1.00%0.50% ECA-SOx0.10%ECA-SO : Emission Control Area for SO & PM control –x xCurrently: Baltic, North Sea and, from Aug 2012 NorthAmericaPetroleum ProductsInternational Shipping ~ 1.0 Mt/dMillion Tonnes / Day4.5Light distillates4.0Middle distillatesFuel oil3.5Others3.02.52.01.51.00.50.01980 1990 2000 2008Source : Production -BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009Shipping –IMO BLG12SO Control CompliancexCompliance on basis of fuel oil as used dependent on:Sulphur content of the fuel oil as loaded•Inside ECA-SO - Avoiding significant admixture with fuel oils•xwith sulphur content above ECA-SO limitxPort State Control – Guidelines MEPC.181(59)Bunker Supplier Registration Scheme – regulation 18.9Ensuring that Bunker Delivery Notes (BDN) are compliant•Ensuring that MARPOL Samples are compliant – MEPC.182(59)•Approval of equivalent alternatives to BDN & MARPOL Samples•Taking action in cases of non-compliance: procedures / quality•Alternative SO Control OptionsxResidual Fuel Oil + Secondary control technologiesExhaust Gas Cleaning Systems (SO Scrubbers)xOpen or closed loop water wash out of SOxDry chemical reaction – solid residuePossibility of other systems being developedIssues:Approval: MARPOL – Flag State, EU – Member StateFunctionality, reliability and durabilityInstallation restrictions / operational complexity / consumablesOpen loop wet systems, wash-water discharge restrictionsWet systems, cool exhaust gas exit temperaturesCapital costs / Long term payback / Running costsNatural Gas as aMarine FuelSO NonexPM NoneNO Reduction ~ 90%xCO Reduction ~20%2Useable in CombustionEngines, Gas Turbines,Boilers, Fuel Cells, ...CO2 reduction / GHG emissionRatio of Hydrocarbon optimisation•Fuel oil quality•Overall energy consumption reduction / minimisation•Vessel design•Vessel speed•Heat recovery systems (ORC process)•NOx reductionCombustion RefinementInjection Pressurerate shapingNOx reductionHumid Engine (HAM)Water Injection / EmulsionIntensified Charge CoolingNOx reduction‐ Variable EGR (cooled / uncooled)Without exhaustgas reductionWith exhaust gasreductionWithout EGRWith EGREGR, higher scav.air pressure,higher injection pressurebetter homogenisationResearch engineWTZ Roßlau TU HHNOx reductionBore 250 – 350 mm 265 mmStroke 320 – 450 mm 400 mmIncreased BoostingP < 30 bar 40 bareffMiller CycleP < 400 bar 365 barmaxPeak PressureP < 8 bar 10 barscCompr. ratio < 20 14 ... 19Specific PowerRecommendations to BSPCConsistent and proportionate application of Port State Control•Bunker Supplier Registration Schemes that fulfil the obligations•given in MARPOL Annex VI regulation 18Alignment of MARPOL Annex VI and EU Sulphur Directive•requirements, approval processesShip Energy Efficiency Index optimisation•Proactive approach to Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems –•certification, wash water criteria and applicationFacilitation of alternative marine fuel oil options: Research,•development, implementationRecommendations to BSPC / research anddevelopmentDevelopment of Standard Training Courses for PSC•Development of regulations for Bunker Supplier according of•MARPOL Annex VI regulation 18Development of control mechanismen for SOx compliance,•(measurements and PSC )Research in new technologies to improve Ship Energy Efficiency•( heat recovery systems / etc..)Development of receiption facilities for consumabels, i.e. waste•wash water of scrubberThank youFor more informationplease contact:Lloyd’s Register EMEA20457 HamburgEmail: ramona.zettelmaier@lr.org