30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference

30 BSPCYEARSBaltic Sea Parliamentary Conference30 Years of Baltic SeaParliamentary Conference03Platform for cooperation,commitment and competence inpolitical dialogue of parliamentsin the Baltic Sea RegionFinal-Edititon30 BSPCYEARSBaltic Sea Parliamentary Conference30 Years of Baltic SeaParliamentary ConferencePlatform for cooperation,commitment and competence inpolitical dialogue of parliamentsin the Baltic Sea RegionFinal-Edititon230 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference© BSPC SecretariatTexts: Presidents/Speakers of BSPC Member Parliaments, BSPC President Pyry Niemi, Andrzej Januszewski, Päivikki Lindroos, Jan Widberg,Johanna Ingvarsson, Malgorzata Ludwiczek, Bodo BahrEditing: Bodo BahrLayout: produktionsbüro TINUSPhotos: Jan Widberg, Bodo Bahr, on the photos named photographersPrint: produktionsbüro TINUSBaltic Sea Parliamentary Conference The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) was established in 1991 as a forum for political dialogue betweenwww.bspc.net parliamentarians from the Baltic Sea Region. BSPC aims at raising awareness and opinion on issues of current po-litical interest and relevance for the Baltic Sea Region. It promotes and drives various initiatives and efforts to sup-port a sustainable environmental, social and economic development of the Baltic Sea Region. It strives at enhanc-ing the visibility of the Baltic Sea Region and its issues in a wider European context.BSPC gathers parliamentarians from 11 national parliaments, 11 regional parliaments and 5 parliamentary or-ganisations around the Baltic Sea. The BSPC thus constitutes a unique parliamentary bridge between all the EU-and non-EU countries of the Baltic Sea Region.BSPC external interfaces include parliamentary, governmental, sub-regional and other organizations in theBaltic Sea Parliamentary Conference Baltic Sea Region and the Northern Dimension area, among them CBSS, HELCOM, the Northern DimensionBodo Bahr Partnership in Health and Social Well-Being (NDPHS), the Baltic Sea Labour Forum (BSLF), the Baltic SeaSecretary General States Sub-regional Cooperation (BSSSC) and the Baltic Development Forum.+49 171 5512557 BSPC shall initiate and guide political activities in the region; support and strengthen democratic institutionsbodo.bahr@bspcmail.net in the participating states; improve dialogue between governments, parliaments and civil society; strengthen thewww.bspc.net common identity of the Baltic Sea Region by means of close co-operation between national and regional parlia-ments on the basis of equality; and initiate and guide political activities in the Baltic Sea Region, endowing themwith additional democratic legitimacy and parliamentary authority.BSPC Secretariat The political recommendations of the annual Parliamentary Conferences are expressed in a Conference Reso-Schlossgartenallee 15 lution adopted by consensus by the Conference. The adopted Resolution shall be submitted to the governments19061 Schwerin of the Baltic Sea Region, the CBSS and the EU, and disseminated to other relevant national, regional and localGermany stakeholders in the Baltic Sea Region and its neighbourhood.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 3ContentsIntroduction by the President of the BSPC ..............................................5Statements Congratulations ..........................................................9The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferences 1991–2021 .....................................351st BSPC – 1991 Helsinki, Finnland .............................................362nd BSPC – 1992 Oslo, Norway .................................................413rd BSPC – 1994 Warsaw, Poland ...............................................444th BSPC – 1995 Rønne, Denmark ..............................................465th BSPC – 1996 Riga, Latvia ..................................................486th BSPC – 1997 Gdansk, Poland ...............................................507th BSPC – 1998 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein ......................................528th BSPC – 1999 Mariehamn, Åland Islands .......................................549th BSPC – 2000 Malmö, Sweden ...............................................5610th BSPC – 2001 Greif s wald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern .............................5811th BSPC – 2002 St. Petersburg, Russia ...........................................6212th BSPC – 2003 Oulu, Finland .................................................6413th BSPC – 2004 Bergen, Norway ...............................................6614th BSPC – 2005 Vilnius, Lithuania ..............................................7115th BSPC – 2006 Reykjavik, Ice land .............................................7516th BSPC – 2007 Berlin, Germany ...............................................7817th BSPC – 2008 Visby, Sweden .................................................8218th BSPC – 2009 Nyborg, Denmark .............................................8619th BSPC – 2010 Mariehamn, Åland Islands .......................................8920th BSPC – 2011 Helsinki, Finland ..............................................9221st BSPC – 2012 St. Petersburg, Russia ...........................................9722nd BSPC – 2013 Pärnu, Estonia ...............................................10123rd BSPC – 2014 Olsztyn, Poland ..............................................10724th BSPC – 2015 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ..............................11525th BSPC – 2016, Riga, Latvia ................................................12226th BSPC – 2017, Hamburg, Germany ..........................................13127th BSPC – 2018, Mariehamn, Åland Islands .....................................14028th BSPC – 2019, Oslo, Norway ...............................................14729th BSPC – 2020, Digital .....................................................15530#th BSPC – 2021, Digital ....................................................1634 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 5Introduction by the President of the BSPCAs the President of the Baltic Sea ParliamentaryConference 2020-2022, I am very proud anddelighted to present this publication in honourof 30 years of parliamentary cooperation. Thispublication follows up on the previous ones, is-sued on the 20th and 25th Baltic Sea Parliamen-tary Conference. In addition, this publicationincludes reflections on our flourishing coopera-tion given by Speakers of the member parlia-ments in the Baltic Sea region.I had truly looked forward to celebrating thisoccasion in Stockholm during our 30th Confer-ence. However, this was unfortunately not pos-sible due to the pandemic situation, and thisyear we will once again hold it online. But everycloud has a silver lining, and it is my great pleas- the heart of the BSPC as well as the democraticure to, together with the Swedish delegation to values on which it is based. Democracy providesthe BSPC, host the 31st Conference, planned to political accountability and ensures transparen-be held in Stockholm in June 2022. cy as well as inclusiveness. Since its founding in1991, one of the stated goals of the BSPC hasThe current Swedish Presidency goes under the been to support and strengthen democratic in-headline Sustainable democracy and focuses on stitutions, and we need to continue in this di-how to face common challenges in a changing rection.world. New circumstances emphasise the needfor preserving and protecting democracy and Another challenge that lies ahead us, is climateaddressing the challenges that lie ahead by change and how it threatens biodiversity in ouradapting to changes. Democratic institutions, region. The current Working Group, chaired bysolid cross-border cooperation and environ- my esteemed colleague Ms Cecilie Tenfjord-Toft-mental and social sustainability are corner- by, is focused on these issues. Protecting the en-stones of the BSPC: preserving these are our vironment and safeguarding our Baltic Sea havepriority. Furthermore, the Swedish Parliament’s for a long time been a top priority for our organ-commemoration and celebration of 100 years isation and is still a core issue for the BSPC.of democracy constitute another strong reasonto highlight the importance of democracy. During the first ten years of the BSPC, the fo-cus was on current and relevant topics discussedThe spread of COVID-19 and the fight against during the annual conferences. However, overthe pandemic have given us even more reason to the years, the organisation had developed andsafeguard the strong cross-border cooperation at found a more stable ground for its work. As a6 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceresult, we founded the Standing Committee, selves more political. I want to say that thiswe adopted Rules of Procedure, and we intro- trend is still going strong. Several Presidentsduced a financial mechanism. of States, Representatives of the EU Commis-sion, numerous national ministers as well asAround the turn of the millennium, the BSPC heads and other members of regional govern-introduced Working Groups on specific top- ments have attended the annual Conferencesics to elaborate even more comprehensive and in the last years. In Oslo 2019, there was aprofound on a particular issue. back-to-back meeting with Ministers regard-ing labour market issues; this marks the polit-The dialogue between parliaments, govern- ical relevance of our cooperation.ments, and civil society in the framework ofthe BSPC have significantly improved. Espe- The introduction of a general debate andcially the relationship between the BSPC and roundtable discussion on the annual con-the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) is ferences has also served the Conference withworth mentioning. We share information, we more of a political nature. As a result, we de-have also gone into specific projects togeth- bate current events during the Conference,er and shared knowledge and input in various and the range of issues that we discuss is morepolicy areas. The Working Group on Migration comprehensive.and Integration is one good example of fruitfulcooperation; this year’s Baltic Sea Parliamentary One issue that has been high on the agendaYouth Forum organisation is another. during the last years is youth engagementand participation. In 2017, we held a BalticThe increased and improved relationship with Sea Parliamentary Youth Forum in Kiel onthe CBSS and other Baltic Sea region organ- Sustainable Tourism. In 2018 we includedisations also strengthen the common identity representatives of the youth movement Re-of our region. People-to-people contacts and Generation 2030 with the results of their firstrelationships between citizens – that is the real summit in our annual Conference. In 2019 webackbone of our cooperation. combined a two-day Baltic Sea ParliamentaryYouth Forum in Schwerin with a meeting ofOur interaction with other external organisa- the BSPC WG on Migration and Integration.tions has also improved. Our tradition with Representatives of the Baltic Sea Parliamen-meetings in Brussels in the first months of every tary Youth Fora presented the results of theiryear underlines our close cooperation with the wok our annual conferences, which we pickedEU institutions. Our regular briefings by HEL- up in the BSPC resolutions.COM, the Northern Dimension Partnershipsand other international organisations such as This year a Baltic Sea Parliamentary Youth Fo-WHO in our deliberations and on the regional rum will be held in connection with the annu-level our deepened cooperation with the BSSSC al Conference. About 100 young participantsand the Baltic Sea Commission of the CPMR is from our eleven countries will attend, a clearadditional good examples of fruitful relations. sign of interest from the young generation toget involved in Baltic Sea issues.Five years ago, in the previous anniversarypublication, my colleague Prof Jānis Vucāns Another aspect of our parliamentary coopera-declared that there in recent years had been tion is our partner organisations. Traditionallya push to make the annual conferences them- and from the beginning of our work, we have30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 7high close and, in every respect, productive itiatives. The feedback from the governmentsand fruitful - at times characterized by dual shows from year to year clearer that the BSPCfunctions in both institutions - cooperation is the main parliamentary body of the region.with the parliamentary institutions that arealso members with us: the Nordic Council and It is one of the outstanding achievements ofthe Baltic Assembly. the BSPC that year after year - even in po-litically very tense times - we have succeededIn addition, we have actively participated in in agreeing on far-reaching calls for action tothe parliamentary assemblies of internation- be taken by governments, even on issues thatal parliamentary associations, or they had have been controversial within its memberattended our annual conferences. That con- countries and were also controversial betweencerns the Northern Dimension Parliamentary the individual countries.Assembly, the Inter-Parliamentary Assemblyof Member Nations of the Commonwealth That is Parliamentary diplomacy on its high-of Independent States (IPA CIS), the Parlia- est level and is only possible if cooperation ismentary Assembly of the Arctic Council, the based on reliable trust.Parliamentary Assembly of the Barents Sea,the South-East European Cooperation Process As a result, we have achieved progress in sever-Parliamentary Assembly (SEECP PA), the In- al policy areas over the years:ternational Fora’ Development of Parliamen-tarism’, the Southern Baltic Sea Parliamentary Many years ago, we achieved a breakthroughForum and the Parliamentary Association of in increasing maritime safety in the Baltic Sea.North-West Russia (PANWR).The designation of protected areas in the BalticDuring the last five years, we were getting in Sea goes back to early demands by the BSPC,close contact and cooperation with the Parlia-mentary Assembly of the Black Sea Economic The BSPC achieved improvements in the ar-Cooperation, resulting in a memorandum of eas of labour and social affairs, environment,understanding between our organisations. Ad- health, sustainable tourism and integrationditionally, we deepened connections with the through urgent demands initiated by parlia-Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean mentarians.and are in the process of having this coopera-tion also result in a Memorandum of Under- Strengthening the good and progressive forcesstanding. and reducing the restraining ones has alwaysbeen for the BSPC an essential factor in mov-The BSPC, with its long tradition as a forum ing the entire Baltic Sea region forward on itsof open political dialogue, can serve as a good path to greater prosperity while preserving itsrole model for other regional organisations. natural livelihoods.We can see our Conference resolutions as our To this end, the BSPC has made a significantsharpest political tool. Therefore, I am both contribution for 30 years, which has helpeddelighted and proud to say that the resolutions improve development.continue to get political attention and moreand more assertiveness, which enables the Another landmark in our years of cooperationBSPC to take, support and realize political in- is the Covid-19-pandemic. The pandemic has8 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencethreatened the health of the citizens in our re- all people and countries in the region and, ongion; people have lost their jobs, young people this basis, to achieve the highest possible level ofhave missed out on education, and democracies prosperity and sustainable use and protection ofhave made backslides. As a result, there is an ur- the natural foundations of life.gent need for political decisions to restore andimprove the lives and health of our citizens. ***The BSPC built its cooperation on contacts It is an honour to be the President of such aamong people, dialogue person-in-person and vital, engaged and relevant organisation as thea familiar and friendly atmosphere. Even if BSPC.that - due to the pandemic - has been difficultto achieve during the last one and half years: Finally, I would like to congratulate the Bal-I am very proud to say that we, as the BSPC, tic Sea Parliamentary Conference for 30 years wwere successful in continuing undiminished of parliamentary cooperation, and I hope forand even deepening our work by shifting to the many more to come!online format and have maintained and inten-sified the parliamentary dimension of the inter-national cooperation in the Baltic Sea region.For 30 years, the parliamentarians have direct-ly and indirectly made a decisive contribution Pyry Niemito realising what the people who elected themprimarily regard as the most important: to sta- President of the Baltic Sea Parliamentarybilise and guarantee the peaceful coexistence of Conference 2020 – 20221991 · 1992 · 1993 ·1994 · 1995 · 1996 · 1997STATEMENTS· 1998 · 1999 · 2000 ·CONGRATULATIONSw2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004· 2005 · 2006 · 2007 ·2008 · 2009 · 2010 · 2011· 2012 · 2013 · 2014 ·2015 · 2016 · 2017 · 2018· 2019 · 2020 · 202110 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceBALTIC ASSEMBLYdefence community, interconnected energy andtransport networks, and safe societies and quali-ty of life. Similarly, the Baltic Sea ParliamentaryConference has shared the focus on sustainabili-ty of democracy, environment and society. Apartfrom this, the Baltic Assembly and the Baltic SeaParliamentary Conference have recently ex-pressed support for the aspirations of the Belaru-sian people on their way to freedom. The reasonfor the success behind the cooperation of thetwo organisations lies in our common under-standing of the most pressing matters in the re-gion.Andrius KupčinskasPresident of the Baltic Assembly The cooperation between the Baltic Assemblyand the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencedemonstrates a shared vision on keeping our en-vironment clean, mitigating effects of climateWith gratification, I applaud the Baltic Sea Par- change and adapting to climate change, espe-liamentary Conference and its devoted partners cially in the area of dealing with pollutants andon the 30th anniversary of this fundamental fo- garbage released into the Baltic Sea. The issuesrum. raised at the Conference have invariably been ofgreat importance and relevance for the BalticEver since its establishment 30 years ago, the Assembly as well.Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference has grant-ed the possibility of fostering political dialogue The cooperation between the Baltic Assemblybetween like-minded parliamentarians with and the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference isshared views on essential values such as sustain- active, but, of course, there is still room for im-ability, democracy, and equality. The Baltic As- provement in strengthening the partnership.sembly has been an active permanent member of Matters of great concern for the future includethe Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference since improving the environmental situation of the1992, when the Baltic states concluded that to- Baltic Sea region, securing climate, ensuring bi-gether they were stronger in this format as well. odiversity and sustainability, protecting demo-cratic values as well as improving security andThis year, the Baltic Assembly also celebrates its prosperity of the region.30th anniversary. We are proud to mark our suc-cess and development together with close-mind- The challenges posed by the COVID-19 crisised parliamentarians in the Baltic Sea Parliamen- also show how essential it is to maintain the co-tary Conference. The key to prosperity and part- operation based on equality between nationalnership between the Baltic Assembly and the and regional parliaments. Regional institutionsBaltic Sea Parliamentary Conference is our have a momentous role in addressing the chal-like-mindedness, shared priorities and values. lenges that require joint efforts. Overcoming theFor 2021, the Baltic Assembly has set out four COVID-19 pandemic and coming out aspriorities, including economic and social stabili- strong, stable and robust as ever should be onesation of the Baltic states, a strong security and of our top priorities for the nearest future.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 11Within the past thirty years, the Baltic Sea Par- cooperation in the European Union and be-liamentary Conference has strengthened the yond. We should be proud of that.common identity of the Baltic Sea Region. Wecontinue to be seen as a peaceful, advanced, so- I look forward to many more years of fruitful,cio-economically developed and successful re- prosperous and devoted cooperation with thegion that shares close ties and maintains active Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference! GERMANYrent crises, multilateral cooperation is of par-ticular significance, especially at parliamentarylevel.The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference has akey role to play here. That is already evident inits particular structure, which sets it apart fromall others: the BSPC brings together not onlynational but also regional parliaments fromthroughout the entire Baltic Sea Region. Thisdecentralized set-up simplifies coordination anddecision-making processes, allowing political ac-tivity to be adapted to local circumstances andDr. Wolfgang Schäuble requirements in an uncomplicated way.President of the German BundestagThe BSPC was founded in 1991 at the initiativeof Finland. Initially, its thematic focal pointswere environmental matters and maritime secu-Welcome message from the President of the rity. Today, the BSPC’s agenda has expanded toBundestag for a publication marking the 30th include economic and social policy issues; it alsoanniversary of the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Con- examines questions that extend far beyond theference Baltic Sea Region, such as climate change andenergy policy.Cooperation within the Baltic Sea Region has avery long tradition. While the history of the Bal- It is clear from both the BSPC annual confer-tic Sea Parliamentary Conference does not yet ence and the individual working groups thatmatch that of the Hanseatic League, it can none- participants call for practical improvements andtheless be celebrated as a success after thirty monitor the implementation of the adoptedyears! This anniversary comes at a time of im- measures. In addition, the BSPC initiates andmense challenges. In order to manage the cur- supports democratic institutions in the Baltic12 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceSea Region and strengthens the dialogue be- has focused on this topic and appealed to the re-tween governments, parliaments and civil socie- spective governments to provide funding for thety. removal of these. At the initiative of the delega-tion from the German Bundestag, the topic wasA lot has been achieved over the past 30 years. included in the conference resolutions in 2019Progress has been attained on various central and 2020, with detailed recommendations.topics, such as youth participation, or in the There is a multi-stage concept for the interna-fields of sustainability, climate change and bio- tional approach to the retrieval of dumped mu-diversity. The following topics are especially im- nitions; the region is in a position to set globalportant to the BSPC – and also to me – and standards in this area.show how much work we still have before us,despite all that we have achieved: The Baltic Sea is a unique and sensitive ecosys-tem that must be protected. On the whole, theCommitment to sustainable tourism as a means resistance of the Baltic Sea ecosystem must beto foster cross-border dialogue while simultane- strengthened and protected against the results ofously maintaining high environmental stand- climate change. Our aim should be to maintainards has been one of the cornerstones of the the Baltic Sea as an intact habitat and economicwork of the BSPC in recent years. In this way, region for future generations and to foster sus-the BSPC actively drives forward cooperation tainable growth in the region. The BSPC plays aon tourism in the Baltic Sea Region and has an key role here.influence on political initiatives such as the EUstrategy for the Baltic Sea Region and the associ- In the long-term, the BSPC has the SDG andated action plan. the year 2030 in its sights, focusing in particularon blue and green economic growth. It aims toThe BSPC wants to inspire young people’s inter- support research and development, clean energy,est in politics. Youth participation requires an environmental protection, comprehensive pub-exchange between generations, it encourages in- lic healthcare and digitalisation that is open tonovative and forward-looking ideas and all.strengthens young people’s democratic skills.We can all benefit from the ideas and innova- The German Bundestag will set focal points heretions of the younger generation. That is why when it takes on the presidency of the BSPCyoung people are already actively involved in the from June 2022 until August 2023.work of the BSPC.I wish the Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceThe Baltic Sea is very strongly affected by cli- much continued success and look forward tomate change. One particular working group welcoming you all to Berlin for the BSPC annu-within the BSPC looks at innovations and meas- al conference in 2023! ures to combat global heating and to protect bi-odiversity, taking a comprehensive view of thechallenges involved for science, technology andthe economy.In the Baltic Sea in particular, unexploded ord-nance pose a threat to the environment and thehealth of coastal residents. That is why the BSPC30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 13DENMARKparliamentarians from the region recognized theimportance of environmental protection andfighting climate change.From 2009 to 2011, the Danish Parliament heldthe chairmanship of the BSPC Working Groupon Civil Security, which particularly focused onthe prevention of human trafficking. The work-ing group managed to reach consensus on anumber of political recommendations on howto combat human trafficking and how to protectthe victims of trafficking.Mr Henrik Dam Kristensen The Danish Parliament highly values interna-Speaker of the Danish Parliament tional cooperation and actively contributes to awide range of international parliamentary as-semblies. In this regard, The BSPC is of highpriority for the Danish Parliament, as it encour-Contribution to the Publication 30 Years Baltic ages political dialogue among parliamentariansSea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) from the countries around the Baltic Sea and in-creases the awareness of present and relevantOn behalf of the Danish Parliament, I would challenges in the region.like to express my most sincere congratulationsto the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference The work of the BSPC plays an important role(BSPC) on its 30th anniversary. in securing a sustainable environmental as wellas social and financial development in the BalticWe are deeply grateful that the BSPC for the last Sea Region. The BSPC also serves as a unique30 years has enhanced cooperation and dialogue parliamentary bridge between EU and non-EUbetween parliamentarians from the Baltic Sea member states around the Baltic Sea.Region.Denmark has significant interests in the BalticDenmark is one of the founding members of the Sea Region and has traditionally given coopera-BSPC and has always valued playing an active tion among the Baltic States high priority.role in the political work of the forum.The Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) wasOver the years, the Danish Parliament has had established at a meeting in Copenhagen in 1992the honour of hosting two of the BSPC’s annual at the initiative of Denmark and Germany.conferences. The 4th Baltic Sea ParliamentaryConference took place in Rønne, on the island During the Danish chairmanship of the CBSSof Bornholm in 1995, and focused on maintain- from 2019 to 2020, the Baltic Sea States adopt-ing security, stability, and human rights in the ed the Bornholm Declaration, which emphasiz-Baltic Sea Region. es the importance of fostering the commitmentof the region’s young people in decision-makingIn 2009, Denmark also hosted the 18th confer- and addressed climate-related challenges andence in Nyborg, on the island of Funen, where cross-border organised crime. The Danish Par-14 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceliament greatly appreciates the valuable cooper- The Danish Parliament looks forward to contin-ation and interplay between the CBSS and the uing the successful work within the BSPC in theBSPC within important areas regarding pollu- future and to making additional progress to-tion in the Baltic Sea, safety at sea, and human wards a sustainable, stable, peaceful, prosperous,trafficking, among other things. and democratic Baltic Sea Region. FINLANDThe very first Baltic Sea Parliamentary Confer-ence took place in our capital, where the partic-ipants called upon their home governments toestablish an intergovernmental body in order tofurther strengthen their cooperation. This laterbecame known as the Council of the Baltic SeaStates, the CBSS.The mission of the initial Parliamentary Con-ference was to strengthen the spirit of co-oper-ation between the East and the West. Some-thing that should not be forgotten even today.Anu Vehviläinen Later on co-operation started sprouting and re-Speaker of the Parliament of Finland sulted in wide plethora of areas of common in-terest for the countries around the Baltic Sea.Combating eutrophication, promoting mari-time safety, strengthening green growth andDear Reader, energy efficiency, maritime policy and civil se-curity, as well as fighting human trafficking andIt gives me pride and privilege to be able to write, combating climate change are some sectors tothat the impetus for parliamentary cooperation in be mentioned. Protecting the vulnerable envi-the Baltic Sea Region can be traced back to my ronment of the Baltic Sea, which is one of thehome country, Finland. One of my predecessors most polluted seas in the world, and its protec-as Speaker of the Parliament of Finland, Mr Kale- tion for future generations are still key priori-vi Sorsa was in fact among the very first to public- ties. Our cooperation has come far, and we arely call for increased parliamentary cooperation seeing positive results in the wellbeing of theamong the states around the Baltic Sea right after sea and the continuation of dialogue even dur-the fall of the Iron Curtain. ing troubled times.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 15Today, our cooperation is celebrating its 30th The shallowness of the Baltic Sea and the slowanniversary. It has evolved from an regional fo- change of water make it particularly vulnerable.rum to a more widely networked, well respected Littering also causes problems for the marineinternational parliamentary actor, which coop- environment. The European Commission’s plas-erates closely with the Baltic Marine Environ- tics strategy contains many good initiatives toment Protection Commission (HELCOM), the reduce littering.EU, the Nordic Council, the Northern Dimen-sion Partnership in Public Health and Social International cooperation promotes the ex-Well-being, the Baltic Assembly, the Baltic Sea change of best practices, avoids duplication ofCooperation Forum, the Baltic Development work, and saves resources. Our parliament andForum and the Parliamentary Assembly of the MPs will continue to be active advocates and de-Black Sea Economic Cooperation, just to men- cision-makers in the Baltic Sea region in co-op-tion a few. eration with others.Today, in times of insecurity, it feels even more The speakers of the recent 13th Baltic Sea Re-timely to reiterate the importance, the benefits, gion Forum organised by Centrum Balticumand the potential to be reaped from such peace- summarized the challenges we are all currentlyful and constructive dialogue. Our joint resolu- facing very well. In the speed at which our worldtions, our patient work of coming together on is changing we need to engage citizens better inissues that matter to all of us can be seen not decision making processes on all levels in the so-only in the environmental field; they are obvious ciety, as well as in the Baltic Sea Region cooper-proofs that it is cooperation – not confrontation ation in order to further mutual understanding– that pays off in the long run for all of us. and prevent future risks. We need to promotethe goal for having an even safer and more se-The Baltic Sea and the Baltic Sea region are im- cure, future oriented cooperation in the Balticportant to us Finns in many ways. The Baltic Sea Sea Region.is our natural environment and a geopoliticallifeline for both our people and goods that are I would like to take this opportunity and con-transported to other countries. Our reference gratulate the Swedish BSPC Presidency forpoint for cooperation as well as some of our steering the ship during troubled times and alsomost important markets are to be found around wish the BSPC many successful years ahead sothis sea of some 90 million inhabitants. that our sea will truly unite us in ecology, diver-sity and prosperity. Through its committees and legislative work,the Finnish Parliament has an impact on thewell-being of the Baltic Sea. Eutrophication dueto excessive nutrient loads remains even todayperhaps one of the most concerning environ-mental problems in the Baltic Sea. In addition,there are concentrations of other harmful sub-stances coming from wastewater, traffic andfrom the air that are still too high. Not to men-tion the potential risks of oil and chemical acci-dents, that also affect the state of the Baltic Sea.16 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceHAMBURGand welfare as well as to empower civil societiesin the Baltic Sea Region. However, there are stillsevere environmental problems and there is stillsome way to go to meet the UN Sustainable De-velopment Goals to achieve a healthy Baltic Sea.Also, we are facing imbalances and inequalitiesin social and economic affairs that need to beaddressed.All this means we cannot stand still. We have topull ahead of the most pressing questions of ourtime if we want to build on our previous success.Carola Veit In addition, we always have to pay attention toPresident of the Hamburgische Bürgerschaft our mutual ideas of our work and common(State Parliament of Hamburg) power.Yet, the world and the challenges are changingand we are alerted to emerging tasks: In the firstHappy 30. Anniversary, BSPC! two decades, environmental, economical, so-cio-political, labour-, health and science relatedLooking back on 30 years of fruit- and success- issues and energy politics had priority. In the lastful parliamentary regional cooperation in the decade, we were dealing with digitalisation andBaltic Sea Region against the background of dif- its implications –also in regard to democracyferent political beliefs, cultures, historical expe- and radicalisation –, culture, migration and in-riences and policy making we – the equally re- tegration issues and currently the urgent climategional and national members of the Baltic Sea crisis.Parliamentary – can satisfyingly draw a conclu-sion regarding our biggest achievement so far: A The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference dealtthriving parliamentary assembly based on mu- already with certain issues in different policy ar-tual respect, free exchange of ideas, trust build- eas in working groups to deepen the under-ing and the ability to compromise. standing by consulting experts, NGOs and oth-er relevant stakeholders in the respective field.Instead of being fixed on what divides us, we areconcentrated on what may unite us. This allows In 2017, I had the honour to be the president ofus to deal with very difficult political-societal is- the 26. Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencesues to identify paths forward in accordance. hosting the annual conference in Hamburg forthe first time. Topics were the Baltic Science30 years ago, the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Con- Network, digitalisation and its impact on de-ference started jointly to strengthen democracy, mocracy and the development of societies. Backpeace, prosperity and the environment in every then, we launched the Working Group on Mi-aspect in the Baltic Sea Region. gration and Integration. We knew very well thatwe cannot solve all problems but we can over-Undoubtedly, we have done a great deal to help come obstacles and pave the way to find solu-the Baltic Sea recover environmentally and the tions.region economically, and to promote prosperity30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 17In addition, let me quote here from our final re- As an example, Hamburg shares with its part-port explaining why the BSPC is such a success- ners in STRING, the political network in theful parliamentary assembly: “The Working south-west of the Baltic Sea Region, the visionGroup on Migration and Integration has truly of developing the Fehmarn Belt region into ashown that the BSPC is an arena for engaging model region for sustainable “green growth” indiscussions and cooperation, even in an area which growth and jobs are stimulated, the at-where opinions some-times differ. We all have tractiveness for companies and employees will-different traditions when it comes to migration, ing to base themselves here is increased and highas well as different priorities and conditions that standards for the quality of life of the populationneed to be taken into account when formulating are ensured. Cross-border economic coopera-our individual approaches. By sharing best prac- tion has been and is still a daily reality andtices and our different perspectives on the topic, should continue to be a focus, especially inwe have been able to learn from each other.” (Northeast) Europe.Parallel to our working group meeting in Schw- Let us cheer to the next 30 years of BSPC com-erin in 2019 a Youth Forum took place and mitment to make the Baltic Sea Region a bettertackled this issue in a refreshing way, willing to place. learn new approaches and showing empathy forthe issue itself. They gave us at the annual con-ference in Oslo 2019 a professional and never-theless vivid performance what migration andintegration meant to them. We can only learnfrom this. Their refreshing, vital, demandingvoices are important to be listened to by all of usand their actions are pioneering.I am convinced, that we should establish astanding Baltic Sea Parliamentary Youth Fo-rum – as a gift to ourselves and to the youngergenerations. They are our future and the futurestill lies ahead of them – including a safe andsustainable Baltic Sea Region where all of themare offered a future wherever they have theirroots and however and with whom they wantto live.We bring up important and pressing topics toour governments making us a part of the politi-cal progress in the Baltic Sea Region. We ap-prove our political recommendations and callfor action of the annual Parliamentary Confer-ences unanimously. We submit the adopted res-olution to our governments, the CBSS and theEU and we report to our parliaments.18 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceKALININGRADnon-digital format in order to jointly seek and findanswers to epidemiological, environmental, cli-mate and other challenges that equally affect thepopulation of the Baltic countries. To find ideastogether and develop solutions that have a positiveimpact on the quality and standard of living ofpeople is a task that the Baltic Sea ParliamentaryConference is tackling very consistently and effec-tively.I wish all of us further fruitful work for the benefitof our fellow citizens! I am sure that the 30th anni-versary of the Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceMarina E. Orgeeva will be held in a constructive manner, and theChairwoman of the Kaliningrad Regional main provisions of its Resolution will certainly beDuma implemented in practice.Sincerelly yours,ChairwomanDear participants of the Baltic Sea Parliamentary of the Kaliningrad Regional DumaConference! Marina E. Orgeeva Dear Colleagues!On behalf of the deputies of the Kaliningrad Re-gional Duma and on my own behalf I would liketo congratulate all of you on Anniversary!Despite sometimes differing assessments of theprocesses and events that are taking place in theworld, we are all united in the basic understandingthat we live in our common house called the Bal-tic. This understanding, in fact, is the key factorfor the success of the international project calledthe Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference, whichhas been implemented almost for thirty years. It isprecisely because we have been on the same pageall these years that the relevance of the topics raisedat the conference, the success and the results of thediscussions, which took place in a warm atmos-phere of understanding and partnership, are due.Although our face-to-face contacts are currentlyextremely limited due to the coronavirus pandem-ic, I am convinced that in the near future we willdefinitely have the opportunity to meet again in a30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 19ICELANDSteingrímur J. Sigfússon Silja Dögg GunnarsdóttirSpeaker of the Icelandic Parliament Chairman of the Icelandic Delegation to theNordic Councilregions are strong and of crucial importance.Given our relative geographical isolation our lo-cation can never be the deciding factor in howand with whom we choose to interact and coop-erate.We are bound by history, culture, language, val-ues, trade, politics, migration and by othermeans to the Nordic Countries, to Northernand Western Europe and to Europe as a wholeand to our partners and allies to the west, theUnited States and Canada, as well as to manyKolbeinn Óttarsson Proppé other parts of the world.Member of the Icelandic Delegation to theNordic Council and Representative to the In addition to the intangible connections weBSPC have to the countries and regions of the BalticSea there is in fact a physical connector of ut-most importance. The ocean which surroundsThis went smoother than I thought. Here is text us has historically been a resource, a lifeline andfrom Iceland already: the route by which people, goods and new ideashave reached us from the rest of the world. So itWhy does an island state in the North Atlantic has been since European seafarers, mainly fromparticipate in a regional partnership of Baltic Norway, settled in Iceland more than a millen-Sea states? Given Iceland’s location in the mid- nium ago.dle of the ocean hundreds of kilometres fromour nearest neighbours maybe one could argue The sea knows no borders and neither do thethat Iceland belongs to no community of na- fish or other living organisms living in it, nortions. In fact our bonds to other countries and does the pollution of the oceans or the effects of20 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceclimate change. Given the importance of the uania, Latvia and Estonia, an act which Iceland-ocean for Icelandic economy and society it is in ers still take great pride in. Our participation inthe field of marine research and the sustainable this process created a bond which has influenceduse of marine resources that one of our main Iceland’s continued engagement with the regioncontributions to the BSPC can lie. The theme of and the decision to join both the Baltic Sea Par-the 15th Baltic Sea Parliamentary conference liamentary Conference and the Council of thewhich was held in Reykjavik in 2006 was The Baltic Sea States.Northern Dimension and the Ocean and Seas.Building on this, in our work in the BSPC asThe founding year of the BSPC was also the year well as in other interparliamentary cooperationthat the Baltic States’ struggle for freedom bore we stress the importance of democracy, humanfruit. Iceland was the first country in the world rights, the rule of law and peaceful conflict reso-to officially recognize the independence of Lith- lution. LATVIAmentary Conference offers us an inclusive plat-form for political dialogue, where we can get toknow each other better and work together to-wards common goals in the region.In January 1991, it was with great faith in the ide-als of freedom and democracy that parliamentar-ians from the Baltic States participated in the firstParliamentary Conference on Cooperation in theBaltic Sea Area. A few days later, thousands ofpeople gathered in Riga to defend their country’sindependence on barricades. Today, in the thirdInāra Mūrniece decade of the 21st century, our democratic idealsSpeaker of the Saeima Republic of Latvia remain unchanged. Cooperation in the regionmust be firmly rooted in shared democratic val-ues. We, parliamentarians, must relentlessly standup for human rights, for the freedom of free as-It is with great pleasure that I congratulate you sembly and expression, for the right to vote in freeon the 30th anniversary of the Baltic Sea Parlia- and fair elections, for the rule of law, includingmentary Conference. strict respect for international law.These have been 30 years of great democratic Thirty years in human life mark maturity. We canchange, new opportunities and growth in the say the same about the Baltic Sea ParliamentaryBaltic Sea region. Today, the Baltic Sea Parlia- Conference. In recent years, we have accom-30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 21plished a lot in reducing pollution of the Baltic future of the Baltic Sea Region. The ParliamentSea, contributing to the economic and social of Latvia has a very positive experience in estab-growth of the region and developing its competi- lishing a close dialogue with young people. Thetiveness in Europe and globally. The people of the Saeima is an open parliament, which has beenBaltic region want to live on the shores of a clean inviting young people to participate in the Youthsea, in a safe and prosperous political, economic, Parliament for several consecutive years already.social and cultural environment. It provides young people with more opportuni-ties to familiarise themselves with the founda-The Covid-19 pandemic crisis has been testing tions of parliamentary work and stimulates in-our societies. This crisis brings unprecedented terest in active political participation in order tochallenges to both public health and our econo- implement their ideas. We know that educated,mies. It has been most difficult for those groups of competitive, and active people will determinesociety who are at greater risk of poverty and social the future of the Baltic Sea Region. We shouldvulnerability. It would be worthwhile for us to put more efforts into promoting youth involve-learn more about the best practices in overcoming ment in the work of the Baltic Sea Parliamentarythe crisis. We are stronger when we work together. Conference.Therefore, effective international cooperation andcoordination in decision-making is essential. The future of the Baltic Sea Region is in thehands of motivated and knowledgeable youngI would like to call on our youth to be more ac- people! tively involved in a reflection process about theLITHUANIAThe 30-year-old Baltic Sea Parliamentary Con-ference (BSPC) is not only an organisation witha long history, but also an initiator and develop-er of politically important activities. Over theyears, considerable experience has been gainedin initiating political action in the region, set-ting their direction, strengthening the demo-cratic institutions of the BSPC participatingcountries, supporting dialogue between govern-ments, parliaments and civil society, closely co-operating with national and regional parlia-ments, as well as initiating political activities tojointly address the challenges facing the BalticViktorija Čmilytė-NielsenSea region by coordinating interests, identifyingSpeaker of the Seimas of the Republic ofpriorities for cooperation, strengthening ourLithuaniavoice in international forums, and imparting to22 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencethese activities additional democratic legitimacy At the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference, weand parliamentary significance. will continue to work together as the countriesconcerned with the future of the internationalFor 30 years, members of 11 national parlia- community and the world. We must never aban-ments, 11 regional parliaments, and members of don the values that bind us. We need to be as5 parliamentary organisations of the Baltic Sea united as possible, because only by acting as oneRegion, united in the common aspiration to cre- will we be able to open up new opportunities andate a safe and secure welfare region for their cit- ensure security and development in our region.izens, have been implementing significant At the same time, we must overcome current andchanges and common goals and tasks. They pro- future challenges and solve the problems. Coordi-vide an opportunity to discuss often complex nating policies, establishing new partnerships,but critical issues related to common problems representing common interests, sharing experi-of our countries and economic, political or secu- ence and coordinating moves of parliaments andrity challenges, and consistently carry out the governments must be among the key tasks of themain mission of the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference.Conference, namely, to raise awareness of andshare views on the Baltic Sea Region’s topical I congratulate the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Con-and politically relevant matters, to support and ference on the 30th anniversary of its activities.promote various initiatives and efforts to en- I urge you to be proud of our accomplishmentshance sustainable environmental, social and and I wish you a lot of further significanteconomic development in the Baltic Sea Region achievements in future. May I wish all of us mu-as well as to increase the visibility of the region tual understanding, trust, good will, sincerity,and its topicalities at a wider European level. great wisdom and a broad spectrum of ap-proaches so that we can continue to work suc-The Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania had the cessfully for peace, stability, cooperation andhonour to preside over the Baltic Sea Parliamen- win-win solutions. I urge each and every one oftary Conference in 2005 when we invited the us to look for new ways, new solutions and newparticipants to come to Vilnius, and also in opportunities to strengthen the cooperation be-2020, when, in the midst of the COVID-19 tween the countries of the Baltic Sea Region. Itpandemic, regretfully, we had to organise the is only by close cooperation that we can ensure aBSPC virtually. In fact, we all can see now that politically and economically strong and unitedthe world we live in has changed considerably in region and provide practical results for the citi-recent years. New challenges have altered our zens of our countries. Let the agreement and co-daily lives, habits and traditions. We can be operation of the countries of the Baltic Sea Re-pleased that the cooperation in the format of the gion continue to be further based on accord, re-Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference has proven spect and unity. to be effective and flexible in terms of the direc-tions and forms we have chosen, and that wehave been able to adapt perfectly to the newforms of work.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 23MECKLENBURG-VORPOMMERNMs Birgit Hesse Ms Beate SchluppPresident of the State Parliament First Vice President of the State Parliamentof Mecklenburg-Vorpommern of Mecklenburg-VorpommernBSPC Rapporteur on Sustainable Tourism BSPC Observer at HELCOMLooking Back at Thirty Years of Parliamentary the State Government of Mecklenburg-Vor-Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region pommern – a practice that has been establishedas early as 1992. In addition, the ParliamentThe promotion of cross-border cooperation in annually requests a Government statement onthe Baltic Sea Region is one of the state objec- the implementation of the passed resolutionstives of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern as outlined by means of a joint motion.in Article 11 of its Constitution. The State Par-liament of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern actively The State Parliament highly values itscontributes to the attainment of this goal long-standing engagement within the workingthrough its dedicated work within bilateral bodies of the BSPC and the trust placed uponpartnerships and multilateral cooperation fora, it by its international partners in connectionamong which the Baltic Sea Parliamentary with these special mandates. Thus, upon theConference without a doubt holds a very spe- initiative of the delegation of Mecklen-cial place. The BSPC, which the State Parlia- burg-Vorpommern, the tenth BSPC in 2001ment has been part of since its founding meet- had appointed the Committee on Maritimeing in January 1991, offers our state a unique Safety (COMS), which later laid the founda-opportunity to exchange ideas, share experi- tion for the regular practice of establishingences and shape the regional political agenda BSPC Working Groups on issues of mutual in-on an equal basis with other national and re- terest and concern. Since then, members of thegional parliaments as well as parliamentary or- State Parliament had had the honour to chairganisations from across the Baltic Sea area. Our two further BSPC Working Groups – on Inte-strong commitment to this joint international grated Maritime Policy 2009–2011 and onforum is reflected in the regular practice of Sustainable Tourism 2015–2017 – and contin-passing the respective conference resolutions ue to carry out their tasks as appointed BSPCand bringing them directly to the attention of (co)rapporteurs in these thematic areas. In ad-24 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencedition, in 2002, the Baltic Sea Parliamentary public health. The 24th BSPC came up with aConference attained observer status with HEL- number of comprehensive demands and rec-COM, which Ms Sylvia Bretschneider, former ommendations aimed at establishing the BalticPresident of the State Parliament of Mecklen- Sea region as a model region for innovation inburg-Vorpommern and former BSPC Presi- social- and healthcare. Five years later, the 29thdent, had continuously co-exercised with digital BSPC underlined the demand to stepBSPC colleagues until her untimely passing in up efforts in order to make the Baltic Sea re-2019. The Landtag currently holds three spe- gion a globally leading and prosperous metare-cial observation and (co-)rapporteurs man- gion in relation to health.dates, which it perceives as a great honour andcommitment. Youth engagement and participation in deci-sion-making processes has traditionally stoodIn the past three decades of ever intensifying high on the BSPC agenda. In this regard, theand thematically broadening parliamentary co- State Parliament of Mecklenburg-Vorpom-operation, the State Parliament has twice had mern was delighted to host the joint meetingthe pleasure and privilege of holding the annu- of the BSPC Working Group on Migrational meetings of the BSPC. Thus in 2001, the and Integration and the Baltic Sea Parliamen-Landtag had the honour of hosting the tenth tary Youth Forum in May 2019 in Schwerin.anniversary Baltic Sea Parliamentary Confer- Representatives of the Youth Forum were thenence in the city of Greifswald. At that time, the invited to present their wishes and recommen-delegates exchanged their views on how the dations at the 28th BSPC in Oslo. This suc-concept of civil society was transforming and cessful tradition of promoting exchange be-shared their visions and interpretations of de- tween decision-makers and youth representa-mocracy and human rights. The main theme of tives will be continued at the 30th BSPC,this year’s – thirtieth – anniversary BSPC, where young people from across the Baltic Seanamely sustainable democracy, shows the sig- Region will have the opportunity to directlynificance of these recurring debates and under- address the Conference on yet another burninglines a simple yet often forgotten fact: democ- issue, namely climate change and biodiversity.racy cannot be taken for granted and requiresconstant work to address persisting and newly It is with great pride, honour and dedicationemerging challenges. The focus of international that the State Parliament looks back at the pastattention has been gradually shifting from thirty years of its BSPC membership. Thesebuilding and strengthening democratic institu- three decades were characterised by change andtions to defending democratic accomplish- continuity in the structural and thematic ori-ments and resisting the ongoing democratic entation of inter-parliamentary cooperation,decline – a task, for which we as parliamentar- yet our joint work has always stood on the sol-ians have a special responsibility. id fundament of mutual understanding, re-spect, and trust. These principles will guide ourThe second BSPC hosted by the State Parlia- future work and guarantee that no matter whatment Mecklenburg-Vorpommern took place in old or new challenges lie ahead, we can surelyRostock-Warnemünde in 2015 and focussed face them together for the sake of our Balticon another issue, which is once again proving Sea Region. its extraordinary relevance and importance inthe face of the COVID-19 pandemic: namely30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 25NORDIC COUNCILMr Bertel Haarder, Ms Silja Dögg Gunnarsdóttir,President of the Nordic Council Deputy Member of the BSPC StandingCommittee and former President of theNordic CouncilThe Nordic Council is the official body for Nor-dic inter-parliamentary co-operation. Formed in1952, it has 87 members from Denmark, Fin-land, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Is-lands, Greenland and Åland.The Nordic Council is among the foundingmembers of the BSPC and has also contributedto the administration of the BSPC. The NordicMr Michael Tetzschner, Council has always promoted sustainable devel-Member of the BSPC Standing Committee opment. From the very beginning of the BSPC,and former President of the Nordic Council we have been linked through extremely close co-operation. A healthy and clean Baltic Sea is ofthe utmost importance to us all.All member parliaments of the Nordic CouncilNORDIC COUNCIL are also members of the BSPC. The NordicContribution to the Publication 30 Years Baltic Council contributes to a common Nordic pro-Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) file within the BSPC, and the Nordic Councilpays the contributions to the BSPC from theOn behalf of the Nordic Council we would like eight Nordic parliaments.to express our warmest gratulations to the BalticSea Parliamentary Conference on this anniversa- BSPC is one of the main priorities in the inter-ry, celebrating 30 years of successful parliamen- national work of the Nordic Council. The Inter-tary cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region. national Strategy of the Nordic Council 2018-26 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference2022, unanimously adopted at the Nordic The Nordic Council finds many of its most im-Council Session in Helsinki in 2017, highlights portant partners within the BSPC. The variousthe importance of the BSPC as a platform that personal connections which we have in thebrings together parliamentarians and officials BSPC is essential to achieving consensual deci-from all the countries around the Baltic Sea. The sions and the fruitful exchange of best practice.strategy also states that the Nordic Council will Together we will continue to work for a healthy,always strive to ensure that democracy, the rule clean, safe, democratic and peaceful Baltic Seaof law, equality and human rights are high on region. the international agenda, and this is also of greatsignificance to our work in the BSPC.NORWAYstability and mutual cooperation in the BalticSea area is of the outmost importance for Nor-way.The Storting hosted the second BSPC in 1992against a backdrop of global unrest. The Confer-ence moved beyond some initial disagreementsand agreed to make the Baltic Sea an area free ofconflicts. It was also at this conference that theinstitutional foundations of our cooperationwere finalised, and that the first BSPC-resolu-tion was adopted – by consensus. The next timethe Storting hosted the BSPC was in 2004. ThisMs Tone Wilhelmsen Trøen time in Bergen, a city with close historical con-President of the Storting nections to the Baltic through the HanseaticLeague. The title of the conference was “Sustain-able development – shared concerns and respon-sibilities in the Baltic region.” A title that is stillOn behalf of the Storting, it is a great pleasure very much relevant today as we work to achievefor me to congratulate the Baltic Sea Parliamen- the Sustainable Development Goals. Finally, intary Conference on the 30th anniversary! 2019 I had the pleasure myself to welcome theBSPC to the Storting in Oslo. This time cleanEven though the Kingdom of Norway is not oceans was a central theme for the conference.bordering the Baltic Sea, we are very pleased to As littoral countries, this is a very importantbe a member of the BSPC as you are our closest matter for all BSPC members and must be highneighbours, partners and friends. To have peace, on the BSPC agenda in the years to come! 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 27POLANDMs Elżbieta Witek Mr Prof. Tomasz GrodzkaMarshal of the Sejm Marshal of the SenateDear Colleagues, On behalf of the Sejm and the the European Union and non-EU countries alsoSenate of the Republic of Poland, we extend our participate in this Baltic dialogue. At the moment,congratulations on the 30th anniversary of the Bal- our region is facing numerous difficult environmen-tic Sea Parliamentary Conference. tal, economic, and social challenges. Poland is un-changeably pursuing its efforts to ensure climateToday, 30 years after the outset of democratic tran- neutrality, increase security, prosperity and cohesionsition and the re-establishment of independence by, inter alia, promoting cultural cooperation, youthand sovereignty for the peoples of Central and and academic exchanges.Eastern Europe, we can proudly look back on thetransformation of the entire region that has been The pandemic has become an event that has affectedaccomplished during this period. us all. We can plainly see now that the key to over-coming it and its impact on the society and the econ-In this context, we acknowledge with satisfaction the omy rests on the cooperation of all actors, includingdevelopment of Baltic parliamentary cooperation. the supranational and local ones. Indeed, the solu-In times of political tension and both socio-econom- tions implemented by the different countries affectic and environmental challenges, the role of parlia- the immediate neighbourhood and influence eachmentary dialogue pursued consistently as part of the other. Poland is willing to strengthen the multidimen-BSPC in a diverse political climate is all the more sional cooperation in the Baltic Sea region, which canimportant, worth recognition and further pursuit. contribute to resuming the path of growth, and in-The achievements of the Baltic Sea Parliamentary crease its prosperity and security. Furthermore, weConference attest to the need for dialogue between support the inclusion of young generation representa-parliamentarians on matters of vital concern to the tives in discussions on the situation in the region.population of the countries and regions borderingthe Baltic Sea. To Poland, despite the evolving geo- We sincerely hope that you and the organisation aspolitical environment, the ultimate objective is still a whole will enjoy many fruitful meetings and suc-to build further understanding, mutual trust, and cess in finding solutions beneficial to the entire Bal-stability. It is important that the Member States of tic Sea region. 28 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceSANKT PETERSBURGstrengthening of professional relations with therepresentative bodies of the Baltic Sea region.The State Parliament of Hamburg became thefirst foreign partner of the St. Petersburg parlia-ment, then bilateral agreements have beensigned with the Tallinn City Council, the CityCouncil of Gdansk, the Åland Parliament, theCity Council of Turku, the Riga City Council.Thus, the Baltic Sea region has become a foreignpolicy priority of the Legislative Assembly of St.Petersburg.The Baltic Sea region is rightly recognized as theMr. Vyacheslav Makarov most successful example of the regional coopera-Chairman of the Legislative Assembly of tion in Europe. For many years the EU StrategySt. Petersburg for the Baltic Sea Region has been in force. Thepolicy of the Northern Dimension and its Part-nership plays an extremely important role in polit-ical dialogue and economic ties. The course to-Greetings from the Chairman of the Legislative wards the Baltic States focus has been designatedAssembly of St. Petersburg as one of the international priorities of the RussianMr. Vyacheslav Makarov Federations in the Concept if its foreign policy.on the occasion of the 30th anniversaryof the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference In this regard the participation of the LegislativeAssembly of St. Petersburg in such an authorita-Over the centuries the Neva lands have been a tive international organization as the Baltic Seaterritory where intensive interaction among var- Parliamentary Conference seems particularlyious peoples, lively trade and civilizational ex- meaningful both for St. Petersburg and for Rus-change was carried out. St. Petersburg, founded sia as a whole. Understanding the challenges themore than three hundred years ago, has become region is facing which are common to its partic-a political and cultural center playing a connect- ipants, finding solutions, in particular throughing role between Northern, Western and Eastern the implementation of the main political instru-Europe. St. Petersburg is not just the largest city ment of the BSPC - its resolution, ongoing andin the Baltic Sea region and its eastern outpost, engaged debate and deliberations with the col-but also the western gates of Russia, open for co- leagues, helps to «synchronize our watches» onoperation and equal dialogue. the most pressing issues of the regional agenda.The BSPC as one of the best tools of the parlia-Twenty-seven years ago a new highest represent- mentary diplomacy helps to draw the govern-ative body - the Legislative Assembly - was cre- ment’s attention to the relevant citizen’s requestsated in St. Petersburg. In accordance with the and achieve the real actions. This reflects theConstitution of the Russian Federation the re- practical significance of the conference whichgional parliament has broad powers including relates both to the politicians and the voters.implementation of international relations. Oneof the first steps of the St. Petersburg Legislative St. Petersburg twice in the years 2002 and 2012Assembly on the international scene was the had the honor to host the annual Conferences.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 29The discussions held within the residence of the velopment of all the Baltic Sea countries, andLegislative Assembly – The Mariinsky Palace – the Baltic Sea will remain a zone of peace,and the results of these discussions were reflect- good-neighborliness and mutually beneficial co-ed in a series of the city regulations. I do hope operation. On behalf of the members of thethat the Baltic Sea Parliamentary conference cel- Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg I congrat-ebrating its 30th anniversary this year will keep ulate the parliament-members of the BSPC onproposing interesting ideas and initiatives to the their significant anniversary. region, aimed at the stable and sustainable de-SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEINble democracies around the Baltic Sea, whichhad Separated the people between East and Westafter the Second World War for almost half, acentury through closed borders.The close dialogue, the trusting cooperation andthe necessary willingness to compromise in allthe countries bordering the Baltic Sea made itpossible for us to celebrate the 30th anniversaryof the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference in2021. This is not a matter of course if we lookback at the initial situation in which very differ-Klaus Schlie ent political cultures met. We therefore have aPresident of the State Parliament of good reason to celebrate the success story of theSchleswig-Holstein Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference over a peri-od of three ·decades.For the Schleswig-Holstein Landtag, equal co-The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference operation between national and regional parlia-(BSPC} celebrates its birthday: 30 years of suc- ments in the Baltic Sea region was a decisive factcess! for the development of our country. Schle-swig-Holstein lies between two seas, which areFrom 7 to 9 January 1991, representatives of the connected by the Kiel Canal as the most used ar-national and regional parliaments of all coun- tificial waterway in the world. Wide areas oftries .bordering the Baltic Sea met for the first land are below normal zero (NN), which is whytime after the fall of the Iron Curtain at the in- coastal protection, climate change, groundwatervitation of the President of the Finnish Reich- protection, eutrophication, biodiversity and wa-stag Kalevi Sorsa in Helsinki. The focus was on ter management are of particular importance.how to develop good neighbourhoods and sta- This applies equally to shipping, the maritime30 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceeconomy, an integrated maritime policy and it goes without saying that the results of thesemaritime tourism. For Schleswig-Holstein, Bal- working groups of the Baltic Sea Parliamentarytic policy is more than just a dialogue among Conference must be implemented at national,neighbours. Baltic Sea policy is the umbrella regional and local level. In order to ensu~e thatbrand under which, among other things, all is- the achievements of the BSPC worki_ng groupssues and decisions relating to the cross-border are.not lost after their final report has been pre-integrated maritime policy are bundled - a truly sented, the Standing Committee of the Balticwide range. As a general objective, we are guided Sea Parliamentarians appoints rapporteurs onby the idea of protecting the Baltic Sea as an in- the respective issues that keep an eye on the fur-tact living and economic area and preserving it ther development and consolidate the parlia-for future generations. For this reason, the Schle- mentary dimension of Baltic Sea · policy in aswigHolstein Landtag advocates equal coopera- professional manner.tion between national and regional parliamentsand governments in the Baltic Sea region. 11 na- The EU-Baltic Strategy as the first macro-re-tional parliaments, 11 regional parliaments and gional strategy is due both to the outcome offive parliamentary organisations from EU and BSPC resolutions and to the commitment ofnon-EU countries around the Baltic Sea cooper- Members of the European Parliament. The fo-ate here. This is unique and distinguishes Baltic cus is on strategic planning for the region andSea policy from all other alliances of interna- new interregional forms of cooperation. Thetional cooperation. EU-Baltic Strategy was adopted by the Europe-an Council in October 2009. It defines threeThe central task of the Baltic Sea Parliamentary overarching objectives: to protect the Baltic Sea,Conference is to initiate political activities, to to better connect the region and to promoteaccompany government action and to provide economic growth. Non-EU members such asadditional legitimacy. We give a parliamentary Russia and Norway will be involved in the im-dimension to Baltic cooperation in dialogue plementation of the strategy. The Strategy Ac-with governments and civil society. tion Plan provides a good orientation on the pri-orities and proje_cts of the Baltic Sea coopera-The resolutions adopted by the Baltic Sea Parlia- tion. It co_vers 14 policy areas and was last timementary Conference on the occasion of the an- revised in February 2021. The current revisionnual assemblies are generally adopted unani- of the Action Plan takes into account emergingmously in the Schleswig-Holstein Landtag. Fur- global challenges such as climate change, pan-thermore, the state government is obliged to re- demics, demographic change and migration,port in its European Report on the priorities of and new strategic framework conditions for thethe implementation of the resolution in Schle- EU and the Multiannual EU Financial Frame-swig-Holstein. This is now a well-established work 2021-2027. This will ensure the integra-parliamentary procedure that has proven itself. tion of the Strategy into EU policies and fund-In particular, the working groups of the Baltic ing programmes as well as a contribution to theSea Parliamentary Conference result in a wide UN Sustainable Development Goals.range of political demands, which also lead tocorresponding implementation steps in our The so-called flagship projects are essential forcountry or allow best practice examples to be ap- implementation. Thus, the EU-Baltic Strategyplied. Whether integration and migration, cli- provides a reference framework for project-relat-mate change and biodiversity, green growth and ed cooperation in the Baltic Sea region in orderenergy efficiency or integrated maritime policy- to unlock cross-border, interregional and trans-30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 31national potentials and to raise awareness of the Baltic Sea region are closely interlocked inshared responsibility. The state government of Schleswig-Holstein for the benefit of the citizensSchleswig-Holstein, together with Poland, has of our country.so far assumed responsibility for the implemen-tation of the cultural and creative industries pol- The strategic orientation of the Baltic Sea coop-icy area. This commitment is supported by the eration and the integration into the EU’s policySchleswig-Holstein Landtag by the lead com- and economic development schemes are assessedmittees, the permanent parliamentary delega- by the Schleswig-Holstein Landtag as significanttions for Baltic cooperation, the bilateral parlia- added value for the Baltic Sea region. I am a lit-mentary partnership agreement with Kalinin- tle proud and I am grateful that the_ Baltic Seagrad, parliamentary cooperation in the southern Parliamentary Conference has b~come a fixedBaltic region (Parliamentary Forum Southern international size. We can benefit from this to-Baltic Sea) and the parliamentary bodies for the gether. We are giving important impetus to theprotection and promotion of national ‘ minori- development of the Baltic Sea macro-region, be-ties and the regional language Low German. cause we want the Baltic Sea region to remainParliamentary action and government action in worth living and to offer its people home. SWEDENlitical landscape, as did the process of EU inte-gration, when several of the countries in the Bal-tic Sea region became members of the EuropeanUnion. The last 30 years have brought economicgrowth, but also financial crises. Democracieshave matured, but in more recent years we havealso seen democratic backsliding and an under-mining of the rule of law. Digitalization has pro-vided us with new tools while, at the same time,presenting us with new challenges.Despite the fact that our region has undergonemajor changes over the last three decades, muchDr Andreas Norlén also remains the same. The first Baltic Sea Parlia-Speaker of the Riksdag mentary Conference held in 1991 was created asa forum for political dialogue between parliamen-tarians in the region, with the aim of strengthen-ing cooperation and raising awareness of issues ofWe are indeed living in interesting and challeng- common concern. Promoting cross-border re-ing times. It is fair to say that the last 30 years gional cooperation and working together tohave brought change to the Baltic Sea region. achieve common goals continue to be as impor-The fall of the Iron Curtain shaped a new geopo- tant today as they were thirty years ago.32 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceThe COVID-19-pandemic is the most recent memoration and celebration of 100 years of de-proof of the ongoing need to preserve coopera- mocracy. In September 2021, one century willtion, as well as protect democracy. During the have passed since women were allowed to votecrisis, difficult, and sometimes rapid decisions for the first time in parliamentary elections inhave been taken in order to stop the spread of Sweden. Remembering this also makes it obvi-the virus. In times like this, it is vital to have ous that democratic values, participation, equal-well-functioning parliaments that can scrutinize ity before the law and trust in the democraticand evaluate decisions and protect the freedoms system are nothing that we can take for granted.and rights of the citizens. Parliament is at the We must always strive to protect and developheart of democracy – just as the Baltic Sea is at our democratic systems.the heart of our region – and we need to contin-ue to protect and preserve them both. Another key issue for the Swedish Presidency isyouth participation, which is expressed throughThe pandemic has also underlined the impor- the organization of the Baltic Sea Parliamentarytance of inter-parliamentary cooperation. The Youth Forum in connection with this year’s an-fact that the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Confer- nual conference. Young people are our future.ence quickly adapted to the new circumstances We ought to listen to their opinions and encour-and held its annual Conference online back in age their political engagement – intergenera-August last year should be regarded as a success. tional cooperation helps us to protect and devel-op our democracies.The Swedish Parliament has had the privilege tohost the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference Thirty years ago, our predecessors establishedtwice. The ninth conference was held in Malmö this cooperation. The coming thirty years willin September 2000 on the topic: Baltic Sea Co- bring new challenges and new opportunities.operation – Bridges to the Future. Malmö was Therefore, I would like to congratulate the or-chosen for the conference, because of the opening ganization on 30 successful years, where the Bal-of the Øresund Bridge linking Malmö to Copen- tic Sea Parliamentary Conference has proven tohagen. The bridge aimed to create local and re- be an important platform for parliamentarians,gional cooperation and the theme of cross-border not only to exchange views and ideas, but also tocooperation characterized the conference. In work for a better future together. 2008, the seventeenth Baltic Sea ParliamentaryConference was held, this time in Visby on the is-land Gotland. The topic of the Conference wasEnergy Efficiency and Climate Change. Many ofthe participants expressed concern for the state ofthe Baltic Sea, an issue that is still high on theagenda with the current working group on cli-mate change and biodiversity.The current Swedish Presidency goes under theheadline Sustainable Democracy, pointing todemocratic institutions, strong cooperation andenvironmental and social sustainability as cor-nerstones of the organization. This theme is alsoconnected to the Swedish Parliament’s com-30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 33ÅLANDBert Häggblom Wille ValveSpeaker of the Parliament Chairman of theBSPC DelegationIt is now 30 years since the geopolitical land- fool ourselves, more joint efforts are very muchscape drastically changed with the dawn of the needed, particularly to reduce the outlet of nu-Soviet Union, the unshackled independence of trients into the Baltic Sea.former Eastern Bloc states and ensuing Europe-an integration. In this wholly new landscape, At times, the BSPC has also functioned as athe Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference proved “cushion” between the East and the West, whento be one important navigation tool, stretching security policy tensions have been at rise therefrom the East to the West, including all the has always been at least one place where free dis-countries and autonomous entities related to the cussions can be held – the BSPC.Baltic Sea in one way or another. We have, overthe years, also seen our form of cooperation Åland has arranged the yearly conference threeemerges as a role model for the Black Sea and times, 1999, 2010 and 2018. The conferencesthe Mediterranean. 1999 and 2010 were hosted by the Parliamentduring the chairmanship of the Nordic Council,For politicians from Åland, it is evident to see but in 2018 Åland for the first time ever becamethe benefits of Baltic Sea cooperation as we live chairman of the BSPC as well as the host for thein the middle of the Baltic Sea. It is easy for us to 27th BSPC Conference.recognize every shift in water quality, we are tru-ly dependent on the shipping industry, the mar- The priority issues for BSPC during the Ålanditime sector, the sea-based tourism and a lot of Islands’ presidency were: sustainable societies inthings that would be difficult without the Baltic the Baltic Sea region based on democratic val-Sea. ues, human rights and equal opportunities forall, cooperation and integration and migrationLooking back and even more looking into the and integration for a secure and prosperous Bal-future, it is obvious that the BSPC has meant a tic Sea area, finding solutions based on mutuallot for our ambitions to improve the ecological information and best practices. With that mes-status of our beloved Baltic Sea. But let us not sage BSPC and Åland joined forces and spread34 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencethe word of democracy and autonomy to places During the Pandemic, the BSPC has proven toand conferences like the annual conferences of be one of the International Organizations ablethe Nordic Council, Baltic Assembly, PABSEC to function under exceptional circumstances.as well as the meetings of the EU Northern Di- We believe we owe the Secretariat credit for this.mension in Brussels, Baltic Sea Day in St Pe- From the Åland side, we welcome the recent de-tersburg, Interparliamentary Assembly of CIS velopment of having more plenary-style generaland International Forum in Moscow. debates. This format has been fruitful for raisingnew questions, such as the problems pertainingThanks to the BSPC we managed to spread the to ammunitions and war materials from the twoword of the need for cooperation and action in World Wars.order to make the Baltic Sea and its surroundingcountries prosperous and sustainable in every as- Lastly, our organisation should not be underesti-pect of life. The Parliament of Åland emphasizes mated when it comes to forming a joint under-that it is the strength in ideas that matter more standing of common challenges. Let us thereforethan the relative size of the country or region. hope that our parliamentary cooperation willBSPC is a think tank for democracy and impor- thrive for many years to come. tant for every free society in the world.1991 · 19923 0 Y·ears of B1altic Se9a Parlia9mentary3 Confer enc·e 351994 · 1995 · 1996 · 1997THE BALTIC SEA· 1998 · 1999 · 2000 ·PARLIAMENTARY2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004CONFERENCES1991–2021· 2005 · 2006 · 2007 ·2008 · 2009 · 2010 · 2011· 2012 · 2013 · 2014 ·2015 · 2016 · 2017 · 2018· 2019 · 2020 · 202136 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference1st BSPC – 1991 Helsinki, FinnlandPhoto: shutterstock.com | EsteaThe 1st Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference was Economic Conference, EFTA, the Helsinkiheld in Helsinki on 7–9 January 1991, on the Committee, the Inter-parliamentary Union, theinitiative of the President of the Finnish Parlia- Nordic Council, and the Council of Europe.ment, Mr Kalevi Sorsa. The title was the Parlia-mentary Conference on Cooperation in the Bal- Some of the subjects discussed at the Confer-tic Sea Area. Six successive Conferences had the ence were proposed after earlier consultations (aEnglish name of the “Parliamentary Conference preparatory meeting was held in Helsinki on 13on Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Area”. The 7th September 1990) but a number of other issuesParliamentary Conference replaced the word werediscussed at the Conference forum. This“Area” with “Region”. The Conference was re- gave the Conference the character of a workingnamed by the 8th Conference as the “Baltic Sea meeting that identified problems in the BalticParliamentary Conference”. Sea Region needing swift action.The 1st Conference was attended by parliamen- Talks held during the Conference concentratedtary delegations from Denmark, Estonia, Green- on four subjects: economy, ecology, culture, andland, Hamburg, Iceland, Karelia, Finland, Lith- politics.uania, Latvia, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nor-way, Poland, Schleswig-Holstein, Sweden, the The economic discussions were dominated by is-Åland Islands, the Faroe Islands, and the USSR. sues relating to the transition of former commu-Observers were sent by the U. N. European nist bloc countries to market economies and the30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 37BSPC 1991 / Photo loan from Parliament of Finland / Photos: Vesa Lindqvist / Parliament of Finland38 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceeconomic reforms in the Soviet Union. It was their hope for a rapid opening of the East to aemphasised that the economic development of capitalist economy, e. g. through free economicthe Baltic States and the Leningrad area was vital zones. However, they also emphasised that polit-to the region’s integration and that the West ical stability free from armed conflicts is ashould develop an appropriate mechanism for pre-condition of development.assisting those areas. The speakers expresseddnalniFfotnemailraP/tsivqdniLaseV:sotohP/dnalniFfotnemailraPmorfnaolotohP/1991CPSB30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 39During the debate on environmental protection, conditions could be only be successful thoughthe invited experts presented the situation regard- joint action. Consequently, solution of ecologicaling the contamination of the Baltic Sea waters. problems requires not only technological solutionsThis made clear to the Conference participants but also political will and broad understanding.that ecosystems are not divided by political bound- The participants called for urgent action to preventaries and that any measures to improve the natural contamination increasing in the Baltic region.dnalniFfotnemailraP/tsivqdniLaseV:sotohP/dnalniFfotnemailraPmorfnaolotohP/1991CPSB40 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceThey proposed a number of concrete measures, and Germany, considering economic and politi-such as a joint system of taxes and fines for envi- cal stabilisation of the Baltic Sea Region, pro-ronmental pollution or signing a convention on posed an initiative to establish a new interna-the reduction of harmful substances added to tional organisation at governmental level. Thethe fuel of ships using the Baltic Sea. Foreign Ministers of Denmark, Estonia, Fin-land, Lithuania, Latvia, Germany, Norway, Po-The Conference also pointed out the importance land, Russia and Sweden, as well as representa-of developing cooperation in the fields of educa- tives of the European Commission met in Co-tion and culture. The participants voiced their penhagen on 5–6 March 1992. They set up thehope that this cooperation would enable North- Council of Baltic Sea States, an organisation toern Europe to be a model for co-existence within build up democratic institutions in the regionand between regions and ethnic minorities. The and co-operate on matters of economy, culture,Nordic Council reported a number of initiatives environmental protection, nuclear security, andintended to intensify cooperation with the Baltic social affairs. The Council is now one of theStates: the Council opened its information cen- most important players for international coop-tres in the capitals of those countries, and the eration in the region.Danish Culture Institute did the same in Riga. Atthe same time, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia The Conference did not produce any formalopened similar centres in Copenhagen. conclusions or a resolution, but it should beconsidered as extremely important because of itsThe political debate was dominated by develop- ground-breaking character. The variety of re-ments in the Baltic States. Their representatives gional development concepts presented at thestrongly protested against measures taken by the Conference provided a basis for further debateUSSR authorities, and other delegates, especial- and cooperation between the states and regionsly the representatives from Denmark, voiced concerned.similar opinions. The discussion also concernedthe security issue in the region, the proposed It should be noted that a symbol identifying theNordic nuclear weapon-free zone, and coopera- Conference appeared as early as the Helsinkition to combat international crime. There was meeting in the form of a logo featuring a bluealso a proposal to establish a Baltic Sea Council rectangular intersected by eight grey-and-blackthat would compile plans for cooperation in the waving stripes. This logo is still in use today.region, initially in the fields of culture and econ-omy, and later in areas such as technology, pow-er industry, and education. This proposal wassoon implemented. In autumn 1991, Denmark30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 412nd BSPC – 1992 Oslo, NorwayPhoto: shutterstock.com | joyfullThe 2nd Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference Cooperation and Institutional Frameworks forwas organised by the Presidium of the Nordic Interparliamentary Cooperation in the BalticCouncil and the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sea. The aim of the Conference was also to dis-Norway. The Conference was held in Oslo on cuss issues relating to infrastructure and com-22–24 April 1992. munications.The expectations of the Conference were high, These topics were discussed at the 2nd Plenaryespecially from the Baltic States, which were in Session.the process of building their independence andhoping for support at this forum for their aspi- As the Conference progressed, differencesrations. The breakup of the Soviet Union in emerged as to the definition of the range of sub-1991 created a totally new situation in the re- jects for Baltic cooperation. Delegations fromgion and opened new perspectives. The dele- Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia represented angates had to develop a plan for cooperation un- opinion that this cooperation should above allder the new circumstances and they had to find include security issues. In this context, they alla place for the parliamentary dimension, par- demanded the withdrawal of Russian troopsticularly in the context of establishing the from their territories. The delegation of Russia’sCouncil of the Baltic Sea States. These issues Supreme Council protested against the inclu-were also raised at the 1st and 3rd Plenary Ses- sion of these issues and blocked further debatesions Baltic Sea Identity – Visions of Regional on this subject. On the other hand, the Supreme42 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceCouncil’s delegates said the Parliamentary Con- mature though all participants agreed that mu-ference was a good forum for discussing issues tual coordination of measures and problems dis-relating to ethnic minorities (the context of Rus- cussed would benefit both organisations.sian minority in the Baltic States was more thanapparent here). The conference adopted three documents: a Res-olution (since then, each annual Conference hasThe Conference eventually agreed that it should adopted its own Resolution), a Declaration onseek to turn the Baltic Sea into a conflict-free Communications, and a Mandate for Parlia-area and that this problem should be considered mentary Conferences for Cooperation in thein the context of general parliamentary security. Baltic Sea Area which was very important interms of future activities of the Conference. TheRespect for the rights of ethnic minorities was a Resolution proposals included continuing thebasic feature of democracy, and the Conference activities of the Conference as a basis for parlia-did not include any of these issues in its final mentary cooperation in the region. It also de-Resolution. fined areas that would form the focus of theConference’s work (environmental protection,The debate over the criteria for participation in economy, trade, education, development of de-the Baltic conference of parliamentarians took mocracy). It called on participating govern-much of the Conference’s time. The participants ments to recognise the Conference, to take intoagreed that cooperation should involve not only consideration its principles and recommenda-countries but also autonomous areas, regions, tions as well as cooperate in solving the region’sand some cities. They also recognised the right probleMsof parliamentary multi-national organisations,such as the Nordic Council and the Baltic As- The Declaration on Communications addressedsembly, to take part in the Conferences. They the issues discussed by the Conference of Balticalso concluded that the geographical criterion, i. States’ Ministers of Transport in Szczecin (17–e. the location in the immediate area around the 18 March 1992) and appealed for programmesBaltic Sea, is not an explicit condition for partic- to develop infrastructure in the region and toipation in the Conference. A geographic criteri- develop telecommunications and mass mediaon was the reason why Iceland was not a mem- cooperation. It also asked the governments tober of the Council of Baltic Sea States from its present reports on the progress in these areas atvery beginning. the Conference forum.However, following an intensive campaign, Ice- The mandate worked out by the Conference inland was accepted by the Council of Baltic Sea Oslo to provide a formal basis for the Confer-States at the 4th Ministerial Session of CBSS. ence activities included the following:As regards positioning the Parliamentary Con- • Th e Conference is a body that initiates andference in relation to the Council of Baltic Sea coordinates cooperation on the forum ofStates, the Norwegians made the most far-reach- parliamentary debate;ing proposals, suggesting that the Conference be • D ecisions are adopted by consensus;held together with the CBSS meetings. The • P articipants of the Conference are represent-Conference would then fulfil functions similar atives of the parliaments taking part in the 1stto those of a parliament in relation to executive Conference in Helsinki, as well as the parlia-authorities. However, this idea was deemed pre- ments of Bremen, the Federal Republic of30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 43Germany, the Russian Federation (formerly • I t is recommended that an inter-parliamen-the participant was USSR), the Nordic tary working group be appointed, consistingCouncil and the Baltic Assembly; of one representative from each of the fol-• Th e Conference can also invite other region- lowing countries: the Nordic countries, theal and international organisations as observ- Baltic States, Germany, Poland, and the Rus-ers or special guests; sian Federation, which would help to organ-• A two-day Parliamentary Conference will be ise the Conference.held every year and its host will be responsi-ble for its preparation and running the secre- The Parliamentary Conference in Oslo can betariat (with the assistance of the Nordic considered the final phase in setting up the insti-Council, on request) and will cover the costs tutional foundations of parliamentary coopera-of administration and simultaneous transla- tion in the Baltic Sea Region, in a period whention, but the costs of participation (trans- the main principles of the organisation’s activi-port, accommodation) will be covered by the ties were crystallising.delegates themselves.Th e document listed the Finnish, Scandina-vian, Russian, Polish, Estonian, Latvian,Lithuanian, German and English languages,but the number of languages was muchsmaller in practice;44 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference3rd BSPC – 1994 Warsaw, PolandPhoto: shutterstock.com | itsmejustThe 3rd Baltic Sea Parliamentary Parliamentary Different Forms of Trans-border Cooperation, Cul-Conference was held in Warsaw on 5–6 May tural and Youth Exchange, Environmental Policy1994, at the Polish Sejm and Senate (Lower and in the Baltic Sea Region, and Problems of Cooper-Upper House) Buildings. The organisers had to ation in the Baltic Sea Region.cancel the meeting previously scheduled for 3–4June 1993 because of a political crisis in Poland The Warsaw Conference continued to developand dissolution of the Polish Parliament by Pres- the decisions taken in Oslo, and made the finalident Lech Wałe ̧sa. After consultation with the decision to set up the Inter-parlia mentary Work-Nordic Council, the conference was postponed ing Group with the membership as proposed theuntil the following year and the decision was ap- previous year. This body was known as the “Par-proved by the Sejm Presidium on 21 January liamentary Refer ence Group”, the “Working1994. Group”, the “Inter-parliamentary Worki ngGroup” or the “Planning Group”. As was men-The main objectives were to discuss the effec- tioned in the 5th Conference Resolution, al-tiveness of the Conference, intensification of though only adopted by the 8th Confer ence, theparliamentary cooperation, and the impact of group was then usually called the “Standingparliamentary activity on the transitional pro- Committee”. This group would be responsiblecess in the Baltic region. The framework for this for preparing the next Confer ence and repre-discussion was the issues disc ussed by three Ple- senting the Conference in relation to othernary Sessions – Euroregions in the Baltic Sea Area: interna tional organisations. The Group’s Secre-30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 45tariat was to receive techni cal support from the exchange, as well as faster ratification of the Hel-Secretariat of the Nordic Council. From then sinki Convention on Maritime Environmentalon, the Group held regular meetings in between Protection in the Baltic Sea Area. The Resolu-Conferences. The Secretariat met sporadically. tion also referred to the activities of the Councilof Baltic Sea States, thereby continuing the strat-The above decisions were included in the Reso- egy of close cooperation between the Confer-lution, which also appealed for greater political ence and the Council. It asked the Council, forcooperation in the region, sup port for local ac- example, to submit annual reports on its activi-tivities, participation in these activities by non- ties to the Conference Forum.gov ernmental organisations, promotion of pro-grammes for cultural, educational, and scientific46 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference4th BSPC – 1995 Rønne, DenmarkPhoto: shutterstock.com | marchello74The 4th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference was ment in solving the ecological problems in the Bal-held in Rønne, Bornholm, on 12–13 September tic area, rights of ethnic minorities, and nuclear se-1995, by invitation from the Nor dic Council and curity.the Danish Parliament. For the first time, the Con-ference had a motto: Towards a Baltic Sea Region. Four Plenary Sessions were held during the Con-This, however, did not become a rule right away: ference: Parliam entary Cooperation in the Baltic Seathe 5th and 8th Conferences had no mottoes. Area, The Policy of the European Union in the BalticSea Area, Democracy, Human Rights and MinoritiesThe status of the Conference was certainly im- and New Concepts of Security and Stability in the Re-proved by Swed en and Finland officially joining gion.the European Union on January 1, 1995. The Bal-tic Region then became one of the main areas in The speakers stressed the importance of coopera-the European Union as shown by the attendance of tion with the European Union, with the associat-and speech by the President of the European Parlia- ed opportunities and difficulties this entailed, andment, Klaus Hänsch, Ph. D. Klaus Hänsch said they emphasised the necessity of continuing re-that the new situation moved the EU’s political gional integration and strengthening mutualcentre of gravity northwards. He also spoke about bonds. Much time was devoted to questions of se-the Union using Scandin avian experience in areas curity in the region, especially in the context ofsuch as the labour market and cons umer protec- Russia maintaining a large military potential intion, and he announced the Union’s active involve- the Kaliningrad District. As part of the imple-30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 47mentation of the decisions included in the Reso- als included an intensification of the exchange oflution of the 3rd Conference, Swedish Foreign military information, military monitors, joint exer-Minister Ms Lena Hjelm-Wallen presented a re- cises and more working contacts.port on the proc eedings of the Council of BalticSea States. From then on, the report of the CBSS The Conference Resolution spoke about supportrepresentative (usually the foreign minister of the for cooperat ion at regional level and action bycountry currently presiding over the Council) has non-governmental organisat ions, and it encour-become a permanent feature of the Baltic Sea Par- aged the European Union to cooperate in con-liamentary Conferences. trolling organised crime and to support regionalpro-ecology proj ects. The Resolution devoted a lotAnother report, “Democracy, the Human and Mi- of attention to the Standing Committee. Parlia-nority Rights”, was presented by Mr Ole Espersen, mentarians came out in favour of continuing thea CBSS Commissioner for Demo cratic Institutions Committee’s activities. They suggested that delega-and Human Rights, and “Persons Belonging to tions of the Conf erence should be permanent, andEthnic Minorities”. This body was established as that they should be elected by the parliaments in-part of CBSS struct ures in May 1994. Commis- volved, and they also proposed establishing a per-sioner Espersen kept his mandate for two terms manent secretariat to support the work of theand was succeeded by Ms Helle Degn. Commis- Committee. The CBSS was supposed to establish asioner Espersen discussed the role of a parliamenta- similar structure, and its Secretari at, located inry ombudsman and the opportunities such a role Stockholm, was inaugurated on 20 October 1998.would present. He also discussed questions relatingto the granting of citizenship and the continuat ion The Resolution reiterated the need for close coop-of the death penalty in some countries of the re- eration with the CBSS. Its text clearly indicatedgion. Deputy Włodzimierz Konarski of Poland that the Conference should evolve towards a per-presented the Polish proposal for confidence-en- manent parliamentary assembly that applied dem-hancing measures as a programme of concrete ac- ocratic procedures to support the actions taken bytions to improve security in the region. His propos- the CBSS.48 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference5th BSPC – 1996 Riga, LatviaPhoto: shutterstock.com | f9photosThe 5th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference was Union’s policy on the region. The main areas ofheld in Riga on 10–11 September 1996, follow- this policy included strengthening and stabilis-ing an invitation from the Latvian Parliament. ing democracy, economic development result-The Chairman of the Standing Committee that ing from trade liberalisation, building trans-organ ised the Conference was Deputy Juris Sin- port and power infrastructure, and support forka of Latvia. sub-regional cooperation. The partic ipants alsodiscussed questions of trans-border coopera-The Riga Conference could be described as tion in the region. The main areas of this coop-“typical” in terms of the subjects discussed. It eration were identified as eco nomic coopera-emphasised environmental protection issues in tion to promote sustainable development, ecol-the Baltic region and discussed the activities of ogy and the sphere of contacts among citizens,the Euro pean Union and its Committee for the and local initiatives. The speakers appealed forBaltic Sea Region. The Con ference renewed its faster investment in the eastern part of the Bal-call for the implementation of the Helsinki tic. Deputy Andrzej Wielowieyski describedCommittee recommendations. Mr Joris De- Poland’s experience in cooperating with Cen-clerck, a representative of the European Com- tral European countries.mittee, presented the main points of the docu-ment “The Initiative of the Baltic Sea Region”, The Conference ended with a round-table de-adopted in Visby, on the Swedish island of bate that adopted the Resolution. The Resolu-Gotland, on 3 May 1996, which defined the tion reflected all the subjects discussed by the30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 49Conference. Its participants once again calledfor an intensifi cation of contacts with the CBSSand close cooperation in fisher ies, scientific re-search and other areas. The Resolution also drewattention to the necessity of solving the powerproblems of the region by implementing jointpower management and utilisation of renewablesources at an industrial scale.50 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference6th BSPC – 1997 Gdansk, PolandPhoto: shutterstock.com | Marcin KrzyzakThe 6th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference was al cooperation to which it devoted its first andheld in Gdansk on 15–16 September 1997. Dur- third Plenary Sessions, and also paid a lot of at-ing the meeting of the Standing Committee in tention to cooperation in controlling organisedCopenhagen on 15 December 1995, Deputy crime in the Bal tic Sea Region. The subject ofLongin Pastusiak put forward an idea of organis- the second Session was Security and Confi-ing a Parliamentary Confer ence in Gdansk in dence-building in the Region. The session was1997. The timing would coincide with the cele- held as a panel discussion moderated by Deputybrations marking the city’s 1000th anniversary in Janusz Onyszkiewicz. The panellists tried to findthe same year. At the next meeting of the Stand- answers to questions about the changing balanceing Committee (Riga, 29 March 1996) Deputy of power in the region resulting from the en-Pastusiak officially renewed the invitation. The largement of NATO and the European Union,invitation was accepted because of the anniversa- as well as the role of Russia and the Nordicry, although only two years had passed since the Council in maintaining stability in the region.3rd Conference in Warsaw. Another candidate to They also discussed the concept of neutrality ofhost the Conference in 1997 was the Parliament the Baltic Sea.of Schleswig-Holstein, which eventually agreedto postpone its candidacy by one year. Apart from addressing such issues as coopera-tion with the Council of Baltic Sea States andThe motto of the Conference was Mare Balticum control of organised crime, the Resolution also– Mare Nos trum. It focused on the broad region- appealed to the governments for political sup-30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 51port for regional and local projects and drew at- The Gdansk Conference focused on selected is-tention to the need to work for sustained eco- sues which allowed in-depth discussion of com-nomic and social development in the region. plex subjects and identification of existing prob-The Resolution called on the European Union leMs It succeeded in attracting outstandingto support the Baltic States in their applications speak ers (e. g. CBSS Commissioner Ole Espers-for EU membership by pro viding expertise and en, European Commission Member Ms Ursulaby changing its internal structure to allow en- Stenzel, and Poland’s National Prosecutor Hen-largement. ryk Pracki). The atmosphere of the Conferencewas clearly influ enced by the anniversary cele-The Resolution confirmed the role of the Stand- brations taking place in Gdansk at the sameing Committee as a link between the Confer- time.ence and the CBSS and it appealed for the allo-cation of resources and personnel in the coun-tries involved to support the continuation of theConference proceedings. The docu ment alsomentioned the tragic floods in Poland and Ger-many and asked the governments of the regionto provide assistance to relieve the consequencesof the floods.52 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference7th BSPC – 1998 Lübeck, Schleswig-HolsteinPhoto: shutterstock.com | sunfunThe 7th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference was would diametrically change the political andheld in Lübeck on 7–8 September 1998, on the economic rela tions in the region. Consequently,invitation of the Parliament of Schleswig-Hol- this important decision was a subject of parlia-stein. This was the first Conference organised by mentary debate.a regional, not a national parliament. The Con-ference was originally planned for Kiel, as men- The Conference had three Plenary Sessions. Thetioned in the Gdansk Resolution. The Chair- 1st Session was Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Re-man of the Standing Committee during the gion, the 2nd Session referred to the title of theconference prep aration phase was President of Conference, and the 3rd Session dealt with Linksthe Schleswig-Holstein Parliament, in the Baltic Sea Region – Solidarity and Peo-Mr Heinz-Werner Arens. ple-to-People Approach. This means direct con-tact between people living in the near-bor der ar-The motto of this Conference was A Follow-up of eas and local contacts at the lowest level.the Luxem bourg Summit – Consequences for theBaltic Sea Region. The meeting of the European The 7th Conference discussed a number of con-Council in Luxembourg on 12–13 December cepts and princ iples that offered hope for devel-1997 had decided to start the process of enlarg- oping cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region anding the European Union eastwards by adding improving effectiveness. It should be noted thatthe Baltic countries of Poland, Lithuania, Lat- all the parliamentarians stressed the need tovia, and Estonia. Implementation of this proc ess combine the processes of Baltic integration with30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 53European integration. Consequently, they did The Resolution mentioned the organisationsnot describe the regional cooperation as an alter- that, alongside the CBSS, were to become thenative but rather a supplement on the road to main partners of the Conference: the Union ofintegration with the European Union. Baltic Towns, the Sub-regional Cooperation ofBaltic Sea States, the Association of BalticThe Conference participants focused on devel- Chambers of Commerce, and the Conference ofoping practical cooperation and moving the Europe’s Peripheral Sea Regions. The ResolutionConference forward into a new phase. This expressly recommended that the Standing Com-switched the focus from strategic discussions to mittee implement the Resolution’s provisionsways of pro moting and supporting actual pro- adopted by the Conference. The document alsojects. Measures included coordin ation of the ac- referred to the idea of the Northern Dimens ion,tivities of various organisations operating around which became another major influence on thethe Baltic Sea and focusing their efforts on con- Conference’s activities. The concept of develop-crete projects; also by developing the “peo- ing the “Northern Dimension” of the Europeanple-to-people approach” initiative and fol lowing Union was proposed by Finland in 1997. Thethe principle of subsidiarity, which is one of the idea was that countries and regions around theguidelines of the European Union. Baltic Sea including Rus sia (also Iceland andBritain) would play an important role in the po-A major issue raised by almost every speaker was litical stabilisation and economic developmentcooperation with Russia. Inviting Russia (pri- of the growing European Union. On 25 No-marily Kaliningrad and St. Petersburg) to partic- vember 1998, the European Commiss ion adopt-ipate in joint projects and developing an overall ed a report on the “Northern Dimension of thepol icy for that country was described as a major Euro pean Union’s Policy” after which the EUtask facing the Con ference. summit in Vienna, Decemb er 1998, decided toincorporate the Finnish initiative in the offi cialThe Resolution adopted in Lübeck was the long- programme of the Union.est text ever accepted by the Parliamentary Con-ference. It included a number of requests to theEuropean Commission, European Union, andgovernments, asking for facilitation of the EUenlargement process. The Resolution appealedto the candidate countries to quickly adopt theEU acquis communautaire and continue theirpolitical and economic reforMs54 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference8th BSPC – 1999 Mariehamn, Åland IslandsPhoto: Magne KvesethThe 8th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Parliamentary The Committee also started work on drafting aConference was held on 7–8 September 1999 new Mandate for the Parliamentary Confer-in Mariehamn, Åland Islands, on the invita- ence and the Standing Committee for the nexttion of the regional Parliament. The Chairman year by implementing the recommendationsof the Standing Committee that prepared the of the previ ous Resolutions. Although theConference in Mariehamn was the representa- Mandate was adopted by the Marie hamn Con-tive of the Nordic States (Denmark), Mr Svend ference, it was slightly modified in relation toErik Hov mand. Up till that date, Denmark its original form. According to the Nordichad represented the Nordic Coun cil on the countries, especially the social-dem ocratic fac-Standing Committee, Latvia had represented tion, the proposed version gave too much pow-the Baltic States, and Germany had represent- er to the Standing Committee and the Secre-ed the Parliament of Schleswig-Holstein. Po- tariat. Nevertheless, the general acceptance ofland was also represented and Russia repre- the Mandate paved the way for furthersented by the Kaliningrad District. The organ- consolida tion of Conference structures andiser of the next Conference is always invited to opening up new areas for work.take part in the Committee work, unless al-ready represented on the Committee. The Conference also launched a number of initi-atives to inten sify cooperation with the Council30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 55of Baltic Sea States. It started publishing infor- host country also pointed out the impor tancemation about its work in the Council’s periodical of environmental protection in the region (this“Baltinfo,” visited the Council’s Secretariat in issue being extremely important for the tour-Stockholm, and invited representatives of the ist-oriented Åland Islands).Council to its sessions.The Resolution adopted included a number ofThere were three Plenary Sessions during the principles regarding environmental protec-Mariehamn Con ference: “Social Dimension of tion, particularly the eradication of contami-the Enlargement of the EU as the Fol low-up of nation sources in the region, and referred tothe Lübeck Conference”, “Cooperation in the the European Union’s policy on the candidateBaltic Sea Region, Including the Infrastruc- countries.ture”, and “Sustainable Develop ment and itsEnvironmental Aspects”.The Conference in Mariehamn tried to refer tothe previous Conference, so it devoted muchtime to the enlargement of the European Un-ion. However, this time it focused on the newsitua tion in the labour market and the socialconsequences of the pro cess. Delegates of the56 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference9th BSPC – 2000 Malmö, SwedenPhoto: shutterstock. com | Mikhail MarkovskiyThe 9th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference was turned to Malmö via the bridge. For the secondheld in Malmö on 4–5 September 2000, on the time, Mr Svend Erik Hovmand was Chairmaninvitation of the Swedish Parliam ent. The motto of the Standing Committee that prepared theof the Conference was Baltic Sea Cooperation – Conference.Bridges towards the Future. Malmö was chosenfor the Confer ence because of the opening (in Topics discussed at this meeting of parliamen-July 2000) of the bridge linking the city with tarians were more general. Participants discussedCopenhagen across the Öresund strait. This the further development of cooperation in thetransport route created new opportunities for region and methods for bridging the economiclocal and regional coopera tion and was also im- gaps between the Baltic States, in order to estab-portant an important link in the European lish an integrated eco nomic area.transport system. As a way of illustrating the keyimportance of this international link, the Swed- There were three Plenary Sessions: Cooperationish hosts inaugurated the Conference with a in the Baltic Sea Region, Northern Dimension –dinner in Copenhagen, hosted by the Danish Chances and Challenges for Regional and Sub-re-Parliament, after which the participants re- gional Cooperation, and a recap session. The sec-30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 57ond Session involved two working groups, dis- cooperation and to assist cross-border coopera-cussing TransEuropean Networks and Cross-bor- tion, particularly by building new trans-Europe-der Cooperation. an network links (e. g. roads, power, informa-tion highways, etc). The Resolution also sup-There was also a meeting of the Standing Com- ported the pro motion of youth exchange, devel-mittee with rep resentatives of non-govern- opment of tourism, and cooperat ion in the fightmental organisations operating in the Baltic against international crime.region. At this meeting, participants discussedhow to inten sify mutual cooperation (similar The German representative (Parliament ofmeetings were earlier held in Lübeck and Ma- Schleswig-Holstein) Mr Heinz-Werner Arensriehamn). was elected Chairman of the Standing Commit-tee after the Conference in Malmö. The follow-The unanimously adopted Resolution called on ing Confer ence was scheduled for 3–4 Septem-the parliaments and governments of countries ber 2001 in Greifswald, by invitation from theand regions participating in the Conference to Parliament of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.continue developing regional and sub-regional58 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference10th BSPC – 2001 Greif s wald, Mecklenburg-VorpommernPhoto: shutterstock. com | Gl0ckThe 10th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference Sea – a parliamentary sister organisation to thewas held in Greifs wald, Mecklenburg-Vorpom- CBSS.mern, Germany, on 2–4 September 2001 at theinvitation of the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern The Conference discussed how the concept ofLandtag. The theme of the Conference was Civ- civil society was changing. Cooperation con-il Society – A Political Model between Vision and cerning youth issues, democratic and civil rightsReality. Parliamentarians focused on two main in all countries around the Baltic Sea was ad-issues – Civil Society and Safety of Ships and Sea dressed. The interventions displayed the varietyLanes. of opinions of the partici pants regarding theidea of democracy and human rights.The ten first years of BSPC had laid the founda-tion for the anni versary Greifswald Conference, The Conference also discussed its own workingwhere yet another step forward was taken in methods. There were deliberations on the expe-terms of establishing the BSPC as a significant riences of the first ten years of the BSPC, as wellparlia mentary political player in the region. For as its future tasks, structures and working meth-the first time the Confer ence agreed not only on ods. Constructive proposals were put forward ina general Resolution, but also on specific politi- the discussion, which was also an occasion forcal messages addressed to the governments of self-critical stocktaking and for confronti ngCBSS Member States. The BSPC was seen as a some contentious issues.second pillar of cooperation around the Baltic30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 59It was noted that in the early years of parliamen- ments as equal participants at the Conferences.tary cooperat ion, coming together and getting ac- Some of the delegates thought that elected repre-quainted were top priorities. After ten years, the sentatives from the regional level in other partici-personal contacts, or even friendships, repres ent a pating countries than only Germ any and Russiavalue in itself since they embody the continuity of should be invited, as there were other elected as-the work. One option suggested for the future de- semblies that could be compared to regional par-velopment of the Confer ence was to appoint liaments. Other delegates thought that there wasstanding delegations from the participating par- no perfect balance, since the quot as of parliamen-liaments to the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Confer- tarians were not in proportion to the respectiveence for one electoral term. Another issue was populations. During the Conference prepara-how to combine national and regional parlia- tions, a number of concrete proposals about rep-nremmoproV-grubnelkceMgatdnaLV:sotohP60 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceresentation in the Standing Committ ee had been The complex issue of safety of shipping and seatabled. As a result, the Standing Committee was transport lanes was widely discussed. Before theenlarged by two additional members. Consensus Conference, the host Parliament had organised awas and has always been a guiding principle for hearing on the topic and drafted a comprehen-the work of the BSPC. sive report. The problem of preventing accidentsand improving mari time safety was deemedThe discussion on Kaliningrad that was started at complicated and difficult to overcome. Preven-the Malmö Conference in 2000 continued. Par- tion of oil spills was another concern for theticular attention was paid to the problems of the Conference. A difficult problem was eutrophica-Kaliningrad region, caused by its geographical tion caused by excess discharge of phosphorussitua tion. Many of the participants expressed a and nitrogen. A BSPC Working Group, thewish that the Kalining rad region could be the Commit tee on Maritime Safety (COMS) hadsubject of a pilot project for the long-term inter- drafted a couple of paragraphs on these issues asregional cooperation between Russia and the EU. an input to the Conference Resolution.The issue of energy cooperation has always been This Conference also discussed the situation andone of the top priorities on the BSPC agenda. participation of young people in decision-mak-The Baltic Electricity Ring was debated as an ing, in NGOs, and in society in general. Repre-important strand of cooperation between people sentatives from different youth organisations at-and countries around the Baltic Sea. Joint action tended the Conference and gave reports on theto combat internat ional crime was also a promi- situation of young people and their organisa-nent issue at the Conference. tions in the region. It was argued that involvingyoung people is a basic premise for a healthy de-nremmoproV-grubnelkceMgatdnaLV:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 61mocracy, and that young people must be in- The Conference also received a political messagevolved in the deci sion-making processes. This from the dele gates from Italy, Greece and Croa-led to demands that youth issues should be a tia, members of the Adriatic-Ion ian Initiativepermanent topic at the Baltic Sea Parliamentary (AII), a new parliamentary cooperative structureCon ference. It was also agreed that a delegation around part of the Mediterranean Sea. The AIIrepresenting young people should be provided a was interested in establishing contacts with oth-seat at the annual Baltic Sea Parliam entary Con- er parliamentary organisations, and for them theference. This has been the case since then. BSPC was an example of a well-functioning andsolid sub-regional parliamentary structure.When discussing civil society, it was observedthat democracy in the Baltic Sea Region is based The Conference celebrated the 10th anniversarynot only on freedom, but also on solidarity, and of the BSPC by presenting the booklet “BSPC –that civic participation should be encouraged 10 Years of Work”, the text of which is includedand civil society strengthened. Equality between in the first nine chapters of this publication, andmen and women was referred to as a guarantor by officially opening the BSPC homepage.for the development of sustainable, stab le andprosperous societies. Issues regarding minorities The Conference Resolution was in two parts.were tackled. Delegates pointed out the utmost The first part was devoted to cooperation issuesimportance of majorities allowing forums for in the Baltic Sea Region, and the seco nd partminorities, while unsolved minority problems was dedicated to safety at sea, prepared bycan cause antagonisMs A strong and shared Bal- COMstic Sea identity was seen as a prerequisite for en-hanced cooperation.nremmoproV-grubnelkceMgatdnaLV:otohP62 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference11th BSPC – 2002 St. Petersburg, RussiaPhoto: shutterstock. com | Brian KinneyThe 11th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference As to the upcoming enlargement of the EU, thewas organised in St. Petersburg on 30 Septem- Russian partici pants saw the visa issue as a test ofber-1 October 2002 under the theme Baltic Sea Russia-EU relations. There were concerns thatand Ways of Integration and Cooperation. the visa regime would isolate Kaliningrad. Rus-sian delegates also pointed out that EU-RussiaThis was the first time the Conference had been relations were not only a question about Kalin-organised in Russia. Consequently, a major issue ingrad. They stated that Russia will participatewas Russia’s position in Europe, its role in the actively in the Northern Dimension of the EU,Northern Dimension, and cooperation with both in economic and environmental spheres.other countries both in and outside the region. According to them the main objective was toKaliningrad was again high on the agenda of the prevent the emergence of new dividing linesConference. Many of the participants expressed within Europe. A reduction of military resourcesthat Kaliningrad is both a joint problem and a in the region, as well as developing cooperationjoint responsibility. The Russian parliamentari- between armed forces, was also discussed.ans wished to see Kalining rad as a pilot projectfor the development of EU-Russia relations. But At its launch five years earlier, Russia had highit was admitted that the exclave also had prob- expectations of the Northern Dimension butlems since it was, even in Russian terms, eco- now felt it was a disappointment. The messagenomically stagnant. was that it should have embraced cooperation,30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 63not only assistance, and dedicated funds should Sea States (CBSS) and the governments of thehave been allocated. The Northern Dimension region to adopt a number of measures aimed atwas, however, seen as an instrument for envi- preventing and controlling shipping accidents,ronmental cooperation that ought to be devel- to continue to fundamentally improve the safetyoped more actively. of ships and navigation, and to cooperate inter-nationally in this field. The Conference also ex-An unusual input from the environmental angle pressed its satisfaction that it had been grantedwas a report on the harbour porpoise, one of the observer status with HELCOM.smallest marine mammals, and its ability to sur-vive in the Baltic Sea. This was an example of Eutrophication was mentioned as the mosthow enthusiastic projects can be transformed pressing problem in the Baltic Sea. Run-off frominto political standpoints, as the porpoise issue agriculture and air emissions from the use of fos-was incorporated in the Conference Resolut ion. sil fuel was mentioned as the largest contributorsto the nitrogen load. Urban and industrial sew-The Conference also discussed the health issue age was the largest phos phorus source.which was, and still is, a vital concern to the Bal-tic Sea Region. Public health was seen as a part Some participants tabled a HELCOM reportof soft security. from 1992/93 which stated that after WorldWar II, some 300,000 tons of German chemicalThe Resolution was again divided in two parts. munitions were dumped in the Baltic Sea, in-In the general policy part, the parliamentarians cluding about 65,000 tons of poisonous gases.asked the CBSS and the govern ments in the re- This was not known for a long time, since mili-gion to undertake joint efforts to strengthen the tary documents were classified. In the Resolu-Northern Dimension, and to contribute to a tion, one of the recommendations was that thestructured implemen tation and follow-up of the governments of the HELCOM parties shouldNorthern Dimension Action Plan. carry out further investigations to localise andidentify dumped chemical munitions.At the earlier meetings, the Conference had al-ready expressed concern about the large number The Resolution also noted that the COMSof players in the region. Conse quently, the par- Working Group had proved to be a useful in-liamentarians now expressed wishes that the strument for developing political opinion andcoop eration within the Baltic Sea Region would recommendations, and for improving the dia-be streamlined by an effective division of labour logue with institut ions in the Baltic Sea Regionand responsibilities, that coordination would be and beyond. It was stated that Work ing Groupsimproved between the numerous regional bod- should remain one of BSPC’s instruments in fu-ies and Working Groups and that duplication of ture work.projects would be mini mised.The Conference amended the BSPC Rules ofThe second part of the Resolution included Procedure so that two more members, one frompleas to the govern ments and the CBSS regard- Russia and one from the Nordic countries, wereing safety and security at sea. The Conf erence added to the Standing Committee.was unanimous in its view of IMO an importantplayer in safeguarding the Baltic Sea. In this partof the Resolution, the Baltic Sea ParliamentaryConference called upon the Council of Baltic64 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference12th BSPC – 2003 Oulu, FinlandPhoto: shutterstock. com | HildaWeges PhotographyThe 12th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference was St. Petersburg had begun. This was the largest sin-organised in Oulu, Finland, 8–9 September gle investment during the decade to improve the2003. The theme of the Conference was The Bal- condition of the Baltic Sea. The project was warm-tic Sea Region – An Area of Knowledge, which was ly welcomed by the parliamentarians. The estab-an appropriate topic to be discussed in Oulu, be- lishment of the Northern Dimens ion Environ-ing an IT and knowle dge centre in the Gulf of mental Partnership was another breakthrough.Bothnia, Northern Finland. The upcomi ng en-largement of the European Union was mentioned It was stated that greater efficiency in agriculturein almost every intervention at the Conference. It should not lead to increased runoff of nutrients.was seen as creating a new challenge for the whole Support from the European Union would be vi-region and many of the participants assumed and tal especially for environmental protection inhoped that it would further underline the impor- Russia, and the Northern Dimension Partner-tance of EU-Russia relations and of the Northern ship Fund in the EBRD should be a vital instru-Dimension. One of the fundamental objectives ment in improving the state of the Baltic Sea.of the Northern Dimension would be to enhancethe welfare, health and security of citizens. The situation of the NGOs was once again dis-cussed. A rappor teur was nominated to reviewAt the time of the Conference, the construction of legislation in the countries of the Baltic Sea Re-the south-west wastewater treatment plant in gion and to monitor the situation of the NGOs.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 65The nature of parliamentary cooperation was The topic of maritime safety was again high on theonce again tackl ed at the Conference. It was agenda. The most important demands were thenoted that the Standing Committee had two designation of the Baltic Sea as a Particularly Sen-main tasks: firstly, to follow-up the final Resolu- sitive Sea Area (PSSA), and the introduction oftion from the annual Conference and, secondly, compulsory use of pilots in particularly sensitiveto prepare the next Confer ence. The mandate of areas. The Confer ence noted that by undertakingthe Standing Committee had proved to be effi- joint actions with the International Maritime Or-cient but still restricted, so a broadening of the ganisation (IMO), the Baltic Sea states have ob-role of the Standing Committee needed to be tained recognition by the international communi-considered. ty of the sensitivity of the Baltic Sea and its heavysea traffic. All ships, regardless of flag, are now re-The Standing Committee was already an acknowl- quired to comply with more stringent dischargeedged partner in the political landscape of the re- regulat ions when in the Baltic Sea area. In termsgion. However, according to the statutes, the com- of the knowledge society in the Baltic Sea Region,mittee could not fully participate in discussions be- the development of basic skills as a basis for futuretween the Conferences and take a position on a sin- learning was cons idered important. The need for agle issue if this issue had not been mentioned in the comprehensive strategy to deal with key compe-Resolutions. The EU enlargement and its impact tencies was recognised, where basic education andoPhnot ot: hsheut treresgtoicok. nco,m a | sT Tpwhoetlol as an increasing role of the lifelong learning will complement each other. TheCBSS concerning the development of the North- idea of founding a “Baltic Sea University” wasern Dimension, made it necessary to discuss the once again raised. The Baltic Sea Region couldrole of the BSPC and organisation of parliamenta- emerge as a model knowledge society, where edu-ry cooperation in the future. The BSPC had been cation, training and academic life are treated as keygiven the status of one of the regional organisations assets in sustainable development. This would re-cooperating with the CBSS, thereby allowing it to quire mutual recognition of diplomas and the cre-monitor the work of the CBSS. The parliamentari- ation of multi-institutional degrees in the Balt icans wished to strengthen and develop the struc- Sea Region based on harmonised educationaltures and organisation of the cooperation towards a standards and programmes.parliamentary dimension of the CBSS.In analysing the labour market of the Baltic SeaSince the Conference in Malmö in 2000, the Region, the Conf erence was concerned about thetopic of maritime safety had been a substantial phenomenon of social marginalis ation. The Con-component of the Resolutions of 2001 and ference called for the setting up of a database of job2002. The results of the BSPC Working Group vacancies in the Baltic Sea Region in order to facil-COMS, which had been appointed in 2000, itate cross-border mobility of labour resources. Ex-had also included the BSPC applying for ob- isting national databases of job vacancies should beserver status with HELCOM. developed in a way that would benefit the entireBaltic Sea Region labour market. The ConferenceDeveloping Baltic Sea cooperation in the field of also stressed that the Baltic Sea Region can onlycivil security was deemed vital. Organised flourish if there are well-functioning labour mar-cross-border crime, a growing drug problem, ket structures and a skilled labour force.trafficking of women and children, smuggling ofpersons and goods, and brutal violence were For the first time, the Parliamentary Assembly ofemerging and worrying manif estations on the the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (PAB-criminal scene. SEC) attended the Conference.66 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference13th BSPC – 2004 Bergen, NorwayPhoto: shutterstock. com | TTphotoThe 13th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference in the Baltic Sea Region, the Conference showedwas convened in Bergen, Norway, 29–31 Au- two superficially contradic tory trends in thegust 2004. Under the theme Sustainable Devel- cooperation: continuity and change. Continu-opment – Shared Concerns and Responsibilities ity because the parliamentarians had beenrhaBodoB:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 67meeting since 1991, and the regional parlia- ity of obtaining additional EU funds for pro-mentary cooperation was well established. jects in the Baltic Sea Region; the importanceChange because this was the first Conference of the region as a common EU-Russia geo-after the enlarge ment of the European Union graphical area; the necessity of a parliamen taryin May 2004. The fact that the Baltic Sea was aspect to the Northern Dimension; and thenow almost an EU-Russian internal water was need for future participation of the Europeanexpected to change the form and to some ex- Parliament in the BSPC.tent the content of Baltic Sea cooperation. Theimpact of EU enlargement was not scheduled The theme of change and continuity ran vertical-for separate discussion but became a constant ly through all the discussions at the Conference,thread in the debates on the present and future but was most clearly visible in the discussionof Baltic Sea cooperation. The following points about the future of the Baltic Sea Parliamentarywere repeatedly mentioned as the most impor- Conference itself. There was a clear consensustant aspects of the enlarged Union for regional among the particip ants that parliamentary coop-cooperation in Northern Europe: the possibil- eration would also be needed in the future, notrhaBodoB:sotohP68 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceonly at European level, but also at a regional lev- ians from national and regional parliamentsel. Everyb ody agreed that, under the new geopo- around the Baltic Sea attend the Conference,litical circumstances, the BSPC should be many of them also representing regional or-strengthened and turned into a true parliamenta- ganisations like the Baltic Assembly or thery dimension of the CBSS, though there were di- Nordic Council. The Conference was againverging views as to how this should be accom- joined by representatives from the Adriatic Io-plished. A Parliamentarian Partnership for nian Initia tive and the Parliamentary Assem-Northern Europe, as an overarching structure for bly of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation,the geographic al area and a driving force in rela- reminding the Baltic Sea parliamentarianstions with the governments and the EU Com- again of the BSPC’s function as a model formission, was proposed as food for thought and other regional initiatives in Europe.inspirat ion. The idea received support but didnot lead to any major changes in the parliamen- Another, though less obvious, theme of thetary structures in Northern Europe. Conference was that of consensus and dissent.In the past years it had become quite clearThe Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference has where the common interests lay and the areasno mandate to make binding decisions. Its in which joint measures were possible. A num-strength lies in bringing together differ ent ber of successful initiatives were mentioned byvoices from the Baltic Sea States. Parliamentar- the parliamentarians, such as measures for re-rhaBodoB:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 69ducing the load of heavy metals discharged Russian parlia mentarians, while supportinginto the sea. But bones of con tention had also the idea in the final Resolution of the 12thbecome something of a tradition, hampering BSPC in Oulu, remained strictly opposed topro gress in areas such as maritime safety. the idea.At the end of the Conference, the Resolution For the final Resolution, a compromise had towas passed unani mously despite the often be found, as the original text calling for theheated discussions. The non-binding Res- governments, the CBSS and HELCOM toolutions of the Conference and the broad ex- “Continue to work for designation of thetent of the topics of Baltic Sea cooperation whole Baltic Sea as a PSSA” was not supportedmean that most of the issues discussed are by all participants. Instead, the wording “Sup-long-term projects. port effective associated protective measureswith respect to relevant provisions in all theDuring the past year, the Standing Commit- Resolutions of the BSPC on the pro tection oftee, whose task is to represent the BSPC out- marine environment” was chosen. By formu-side the annual meetings, had concentrated lating the text in this way, the 13th BSPC de-on concrete political activities, such as the clared that it stood behind all its previous Res-Northern Dimension, EU enlargement and olutions, thereby including its support for thethe European Neighbourhood policy. The PSSA designation.Standing Committee had also made its firstvisit to Brussels in November 2003 to discuss Before the Conference, a new function hadthese issues. The outcome was positive and been established by the Standing Committee,the committee would therefore continue this through nomination of a rapporteur for Kalin-practice. ingrad. Kaliningrad had grown considerably,but around 180,000 inhabitants of the regionThe success of the joint application to the still lived below the poverty level.IMO to grant the Bal tic Sea status of a Particu-larly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) was seen by Since the previous Conference, another parlia-many participants as the biggest success of Bal- mentarian had been acting as BSPC Rappor-tic Sea cooperation since the Conference in teur on the legislation regarding NGOs in the2003. At the same time, the application was a Baltic Sea Region. A statement was made thatjoint effort by a majority of Baltic Sea States. effective coop eration between people’s electedrhaBodoB:sotohP70 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencerepresentatives and the civil society is vital for Already at the 12th BSPC in Oulu in 2003, thethe democratic development of the region and need for reform and the desire to strengthen thethe wellbeing of its citizens. According to the BSPC had surfaced. This was brought to a headreport, the status of the non-profit sector var- at the 13th BSPC, where the BSPC Standingied greatly between the Baltic Sea coun tries. Committee was given the task of making con-Reforms were needed in all countries in order crete proposals on the restructuring of the par-to facilitate the active participation of the civil liamentary Conference. It was asked to elaboratesociety sector in all stages of gov ernance: local, a proposal for how to develop the parliamentaryregional, national and international. Several dimen sion in cooperation with the CBSS andpolitical recommendations regarding the sta- the participating parlia ments and relevant in-tus of NGOs in the region were put forward. ter-parliamentary bodies. The discussionsshowed clearly that the goal of strengthening theThe discussion tackled the issues of weapons BSPC was shared by all members of the Stand-dumped after World War II, and chemical and ing Committee and the BSPC, although thereother toxic weapons stored by Bal tic Sea coun- were disagreements on how to achieve it.tries.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 7114th BSPC – 2005 Vilnius, LithuaniaPhoto: shutterstock. com | JuliusKielaitisThe 14th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference coun tries, testified to the importance of parlia-convened in Vilnius, Lithuania 28–30 August mentary cooperation in the region.2005. The theme of the Conference was SharedCon cerns and Responsibilities for Stability and De- Even though more than a year had passed sincemocracy, and it was aimed at strengthening the the enlargem ent of the European Union in Mayparliamentary dimension of the Baltic Sea Re- 2004, the impact of this proc ess remained a fun-gion and debating the shared concerns and re- damental issue during the Conference. The acces-sponsibilities of the region. The broad participa- sion of the three Baltic Countries and Poland totion, with over 90 parliamentaria ns and 150 ob- the EU had brokered new possibilities for region-servers and guests from all of the Baltic Sea al cooperation in Northern Europe, especiallyrhaBodoB:otohP72 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencewith regard to the new options of additional EU The future of the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Con-funds for the various projects in the Baltic Sea Re- ference and the reform of the Rules of Proce-gion. An impor tant step was the participation of dure for both the Standing Committee and thethe European Parliament in the work of the Conference itself were some of the main issuesBSPC Standing Committee. It was also obvious of the Con ference. The theme ran verticallythat the role of the CBSS had grown in view of through all the discussions and accompaniedthe recent enlargement of the European Union. the debate on the joint responsibility for stabil-ity and democracy in the Baltic Sea Region.A strong link to the previous BSPC in Bergen One of the main issues in the Resolutions ofwas apparent throughout the Conference. Not 2003 and 2004 was the request for the Standingonly was the important issue of the environmen- Committee to elaborate proposals on how total situation in the Baltic Sea Region resumed, develop the parlia mentary dimension in coop-but the impact of EU enlargement and the re- eration with the CBSS. The Standing Commit-form of the BSPC were again crucial topics. In tee therefore had a task and mandate from theaddition to enhanced cooperation with the Conference to reform the BSPC Rules of Proce-CBSS, the main emphasis of future cooperation dure. Through the participation of the parlia-and development would be placed on the North- mentarians and the strong cooperation with theern Dimension framework and the European CBSS, the new rules could contribute to the ef-Neighbourhood Policy. ficiency of the BSPC.Photos: Bodo BahrrhaBodoB:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 73Environmental challenges in the Baltic Sea protection is granted due to its ecological signif-Region were on the agenda. The urgency of icance, and specific measures can be used to re-this topic was raised by most speakers whilst strict traffic in that area. The decision of theseveral proposals and comments accompanied IMO was described as a great break through forthe debate. the Baltic Sea countries in their efforts to protectthe Baltic Sea.The Conference noted that, in July 2005, theMarine Environ ment Protection Committee The role and status of civil society and especially(MEPC) of the IMO had agreed upon the desig- NGOs was regarded as both a resource and anation of the Baltic Sea as a Particularly Sensi- precondition for stability and democracy in thetive Sea Area (PSSA). After the joint application Baltic Sea Region. One of the main challengesto the IMO to grant the Baltic Sea PSSA status concerns the differences between the countriesin 2003, this status is now regarded as a success in the Baltic Sea Region in respect to NGO leg-for the entire Baltic Sea Region. When an area is islation, which creates barriers to enhanced re-approved as a particularly sensitive area, special gional cooperation. As the role of civil societyPhotos: Bodo BahrrhaBodoB:sotohP74 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceand NGOs in the Baltic Sea Region was again a whose membership now included representa-main issue, the Confer ence was attended by rep- tives of the European Parliament and the Ger-resentatives of many civil society organis ations man Bundestag. Moreover, an Extended Stand-in the region. ing Committee acts as Drafting Committeeduring the Confer ence in order to strengthenAfter an intensive two-day debate, the Resolu- continuity in the parliamentary work. Thetion and the new draft Rules of Procedure for amended Rules and Conference Resolution, in-the BSPC were adopted unanimously by all par- cluding the establishment of a BSPC Workingticipating parliamentarians at the end of the Group on Eutrophication, were adopted unani-Conference. The biggest change concerned the mously.Standing Committee, whose mandate was ex-panded to work between the Conferences, andrhaBodoB:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 7515th BSPC – 2006 Reykjavik, Ice landPhoto: shutterstock. com | Paul van den BergThe 15th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference on the Baltic Sea, the Northern Dimensionin Reykjavik, Ice land, 3–5 September 2006 ad- and how to further strengthen cooperation indressed the Northern Dimension and the Oceans the Region. The City of Reykjavik does not lieand Seas. The Conference was held in the by the Baltic Sea, but this does not prevent thenorthern most European capital in the Baltic Icelandic Parliament participating in the workSea Region. The Conference took up issues of the BSPC.such as the environment, with particular focus76 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceThere was a lively debate throughout the two-day According to the new Rules adopted in Vilnius inevent in Reyk javik, with a wide variety of views 2005, repres entatives from both Bundestag inand opinions exchanged. The Extended Standing Germany and the European Parl iament now hadCommittee, convening for the first time as Draft- assumed their tasks in the Standing Committee.ing Committee in accordance with the new Rules This was seen as a positive development that wouldof Proced ure, had prepared the Conference Reso- hopefully secure continuity in the representationlution. of the national and regional parliaments. Anotherimportant issue had been to implement the Con-The themes of the Conference were central to the ference Resolution and also to work according todiscussions in the region, but this time special the guidel ines in a written Work Programme thatemphasis was put on how to make the work of had been developed duri ng the previous year.the Conference more effective, i. e. how to movefrom the discussion of issues to their implemen- A lively discussion broke out regarding Belarustation. The underly ing concept of the Rules of and its possible status as an observer at the Confer-Procedure for the Standing Committee, as the ence. Some of the participants thought that isolat-permanent political body of the Conference, was ing an entire country, its parliament and peopleto make the presence of parliamentary coopera- from any dialogue with its surrounding region wastion in the Baltic Sea Region felt beyond the an- unacceptable. Others felt that due to the politicalnual Conference. events taking place in Belarus, granting it either30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 77membership or even observer status at the BSPC bed, with a plea to the governments to stronglycould be difficult for some of the members of the support all kinds of measures and instruments de-BSPC. The Integrated Maritime Policy of the EU signed to reduce pollutant and nutrient inputswas felt to offer promi sing opportunities for the from agriculture, municipalities, shipping and in-Region, not least in financial terMs Greater coop- dustries. It expressed its full support to the HEL-eration and coordination in order to boost the COM activities in the whole catchment area in or-health of the Baltic Sea could lead to prosperity der to fight eutrophication in the Baltic Sea.and higher standards of living for the people in theRegion. Several speakers expressed wishes that theBSPC could participate actively in the delibera-tions on the policy.The Nord Stream gas pipeline prompted lively dis-cussion. The Russian participants assured thatRussia would ensure that no harmful substanceswould leak out. Others expressed doubts about theproject, emphasising the number of mines as wellas chemical weapons on the seabed, and so theproject was raising issues relating to ecology, econ-omy, energy supply and security. The outcome ofthe discussion was put in the Resolution as a pleato the governments and HELCOM to ensure thatthe feasibility assessm ent for the pipeline is carriedout with a high level of transpar ency and in com-pliance with all applicable international obliga-tions.The BSPC Working Group on Eutrophicationhad been active since the previous Conference. Ithad drafted input to the Confer ence Resolutionregarding the serious situation of abnormal algaeblooming and lifeless areas of the Baltic Sea sea-78 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference16th BSPC – 2007 Berlin, GermanyPhoto: shutterstock. com | Sean PavoneThe 16th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference been hosted by the Schleswig-Holstein Land-was held on 27–28 August 2007 in Berlin un- tag in 1998 and the Mecklenburg-Vorpom-der the theme Social Welfare, Maritime Policy, mern Landtag in 2001. The Conference wasEnergy Security. It was the first time that the the biggest so far in BSPC’s history, gatheringBundestag had organised the Conference. It over 200 participants. The Conference ac-had been held in Germany twice before, having knowledged the collaborative spirit of therellüMnafetS:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 79BSPC and confirmed its pivotal political role The BSPC’s observer status in HELCOM wasin the Bal tic Sea Region. mentioned as one of the main avenues for par-liamentarians to drive and follow up the discus-The BSPC was seen as a part of a larger formula sion on maritime policies. It was also said thatof parliamen tary cooperation in the Northern more focus should be put on labour market co-Europe. Establishing a recurrent Northern Di- operation, the developm ent of civil society, andmension Parliamentary Forum was a move sup- the fight against organised crime. Coordi nationported by many participants as an important with other organisations was also deemed im-function for monitoring gov ernmental actions portant. The Conference felt satisfaction thatin Northern Europe. there now was clear evidence of progress on therellüMnafetS:sotohP80 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceissues mentioned in earlier BSPC Resolutions. Those in favour of the pipeline, in their turn, re-This showed that the opinions of parliamentari- minded the Conf erence that the environmentalans and their work were being taken seriously. risks of the Nord Stream pipeline had alreadybeen evaluated during the planning phase. TheThe Nord Stream pipeline was discussed al- process has been open and transparent and any-though it was not explicitly included in the pro- one could submit comm ents on the pipeline. Asgramme. The Conference continued to discuss for the risk of terrorist attacks, it was argued thatthe munitions on the sea bed in the Baltic Sea. It the same threat applies to land-based pipelines.was suggested that one possible, specific and re-alistic project could be the lifting of these muni- Concerning labour market issues, the Confer-tions. Then they would not pose any dan ger to ence discussed social welfare and living condi-the gas pipeline which will be an important line tions from a regional as well as a global perspec-for supply ing energy to Europe. Many parlia- tive. Economic, ecological and social concernsmentarians however expressed their concerns are becoming increasingly intertwined in theabout the pipeline, which was described by some globalised world. Stable and peaceful labouras an unfriendly action towards some of the market conditions are central prerequisites for acountries. There were also concerns about the prosperous and fair social and economic devel-possible grave ecological consequences. The risk opment. It is important to take measures to pro-of terrorist attacks against the pipeline was an- mote a closer exchange of inform ation and initi-other of the arguments against building it. atives between social partners.rellüMnafetS:otohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 81One question was how to regulate flexicurity,which is supp osed to combine social securitywith openness to flexibility and mobility. Theterm “decent work” was applied, underliningthat work as such is central for human dignityand individual self-appre ciation. New issues fac-ing societies, such as immigrant workers,cross-border workers, young and elderly peopleand work-related diseases were listed by the par-ticipants. Major priorities in the years to comewill include providing decent jobs, skillsenhance ment and life-long learning. The prob-lem is not so much a deficit of work but ratheradapting the labour market to new conditions. gimes; more efficient cleaning of municipal andAfter the thorough discussion on labour market industrial waste water and waste water fromissues the Confer ence decided to ask the Stand- ships; a ban on phosphorus in washing deter-ing Committee to set up a Working Group on gents; international initiatives to reduce the air-Labour Market Issues. borne nitrogen load in the Baltic Sea; and ongo-ing regional cooperation. The report and its rec-The BSPC Working Group on Eutrophication ommendations were unanimously adopted bypresented its final report, highlighting some of the Con ference.the suggestions of the Group, such as more envi-ronmentally sound agricultural production re-rellüMnafetS:sotohP82 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference17th BSPC – 2008 Visby, SwedenPhoto: shutterstock. com | PixachThe 17th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference Right from the start, speakers and participantswas held in Visby, Sweden, 31 August-2 Sep- expressed con cern about the situation in thetember 2008 under the theme Energy Efficiency Baltic Sea – one of the most poll uted seas in theand Climate Change. world, with excessive concentrations of phospho-rus and nitrogen due to discharge from sourcesRMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 83RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:sotohP84 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencesuch as agriculture, traffic and flush toilets. The The costs of avoiding these are quite reasonable,biggest problem is eutrophication, causing algae but Europe cannot act alone in coming to termsblooming and fish death. The Conference ex- with climate change. On energy supply and en-pressed support for HELCOM’s Baltic Sea Ac- ergy security issues, it was said that the mosttion Plan, which was adopted by the environ- crucial security issue is climate change. Otherment ministers of the countries around the Bal- factors significant to security are nuclear power,tic Sea in November 2007. energy provision, energy efficiency and invest-ments in energy savings. Development of new,One way to tackle the discharge of pollutants into ecologically-pure energy technologies was desir-the Baltic Sea would be for everyone around the able. The discussion cannot just conc ern how toBaltic Sea to use phosphate-free detergents for produce more energy – reduction in energywashing-up and washing. Discharge of phospho- consump tion and energy efficiency must also berus would then be reduced by 20%. Agriculture discussed. Concern was also expressed over themust also reduce its disc harges, and this applies to dependence on nuclear power in the future.all countries surrounding the Baltic Sea.The relationship between CBSS and BSPC wasClimate change, with temperature increases, addressed, and it was noted with satisfaction thatwarmer periods, and flooding, was seen as one BSPC is one of the most active play ers in the Bal-of the worst crises that politicians have to tackle. tic Sea Region and is a strategic partner to CBSS.RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 85Certain dissatisfaction was expressed in the de-bate on maritime safety. Much remains to bedone in the area of safety, particularly in view ofthe large increase in the number of maritimetransport movements. The situation has actuallybeen improved as a result of the reinstatement ofthe requirement for double hulls, but the bigg estdanger is small vessels that ignore the regula-tions and vessels that sail under flags of conven-ience.The BSPC Working Group on Labour Marketand Social Welfare also presented a progress re-port, noting that cross-border movement can behampered by different labour market regula-tions, different insurance terms and conditions,different views on trade union movements, dif-ferent tax systems, etc.The Conference ended with an extensive debatearising out of a statement about inclusion of anaddendum. It was recognised theRules of Procedure of the BSPC state unequivo-cally that decisions during the plenary sessionare to be taken in consensus between the partic-In one of the discussions ̧ it was emphasised that ipating delegations. Following the debate, theBelarus must be included when considering the Confer ence decided to adopt the Resolution byenvironment in the Baltic Sea. It was also em- consensus.phasised that chemical weapons stored on thebed of the Baltic Sea might pose an importantecological problem that should be solved at Eu-ropean level, especially in view of the fact thatthe routing of the Nord Stream pipeline mustbypass the areas con taining old munitions. Allcountries around the Baltic Sea must ratify theEspoo Convention on transnational environ-mental impact assessm ents before the project isgiven the green light to continue.The BSPC Working Group on Energy and Cli-mate Change pre sented a progress report, not-ing that NGOs can comprise an impor tant ele-ment in future work.RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:sotohP86 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference18th BSPC – 2009 Nyborg, DenmarkPhoto: Bodo BahrThe 18th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference ence continued to bolster the spirit of optimismwas held in Nyborg, on the Island of Fyn, Den- in the region.mark, 30 August-1 September 2009. The themeof the Conference was New Security Challenges, The Conference reaffirmed the mutually benefi-and it attracted some 200 government repre- cial contacts and exchange between BSPC andsentatives, parliamen tarians and experts from CBSS, and recognised the important role of thethe Baltic Sea Region. Once again, the Confer- CBSS in initiating and coordinating actions totinUnoitacilbuP,RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:otohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 87tinUnoitacilbuP,RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:sotohP88 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceand comprehensive understanding of the risksand threats facing the Baltic Sea Region. Thefight against trafficking in human beings mustbe stepped up, with emphasis on preventivemeasures, protection and support for victimsand people at risk.Participants debated energy issues, noting theneed to develop a coherent energy strategy forthe Baltic Sea Region, in order to enhance secu-rity of energy supply, increase the use of renewa-meet the challenges of the Baltic Sea Region. It ble energy, and strengthen interconnection be-also reiterated its support for the HELCOM tween countries.Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) as a central toolfor restoring a good environmental status of the The BSPC Working Group on Labour MarketBaltic Sea by 2021, and underlining that gov- and Social Affairs presented its final report, call-ernments must fulfil their pledges to ing for more systematic and coordi nated effortsto identify barriers to the development of cross-implement the plan according to its agreed time- bor der labour markets and mobility. It alsotable. The particip ants were careful to stress that wanted a more regular dia logue between associ-the present economic downturn must not be ations representing cross-border workers, tradetaken as an excuse for lowering environmental unions, employers and political decision-mak-goals, cutting environmental resources or delay- ers.ing timetables for envi ronmental plans and pro-jects. Again, the Rules of Procedure were discussedand amended. It was agreed that the EnlargedOn Maritime Safety and Security in the Region, Standing Committee should convene twice athe Conference called for active cooperation year and the Standing Committee convene twicewithin the International Maritime Organisation a year, with the Standing Committee open for(IMO) on the development of relevant measures observers from national and regional parlia-to reduce the environmental impact of shipping ments that are not represented in the Standingin the Baltic Sea, and concrete projects to imple- Committee. The Conference also decided to es-ment maritime spatial planning in the Baltic Sea tablish a Working Group on Integrated Mari-Region. The Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, time Policy, especially infrastructure and logis-the NorthEast Atlantic and the Irish Sea, should tics, and a Working Group on Civil Security, es-be designated as Sulphur Emission Control Are- pecially trafficki ng in human beings. It was not-as (SECA), as is already the case with the Engl ish ed with satisfaction that all member parliamentsChannel, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Ves- had paid their contribution to the joint budget.sel Traffic Ser vices (VTS) and Ship ReportingSystems (SRS) should be harmon ised and inte- The Drafting Committee for the Conferencegrated to enhance safe navigation of ships. Resolution (com prising the Enlarged StandingCommittee) had three extensive disc ussionsThe Conference agreed that cooperation and co- during the Conference, after which the Resolu-ordination on civil security issues in general tion could be adopted by consensus.should be strengthened in order to foster a jointtinUnoitacilbuP,RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:otohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 8919th BSPC – 2010 Mariehamn, Åland IslandsPhoto: shutterstock. com | Jussi KakelaThe 19th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference was tions and players in the region have also beenconvened in Mariehamn, Åland Islands, on 29– strengthened.31 August 2010. The theme of the 19th BSPC wasCooperation on Environment and Security, and it The participants underlined the important roledrew some 200 politicians, experts and officials. parliamentari ans can play for a sustainable de-Once again the Conference could observe that, velopment of the Baltic Sea Region, by raisingalthough a lot has been done to help the Baltic awareness, building opinion, driving issues, ex-Sea to recover, the environmental problems in the erting political pressure on governments, and in-region are still major and ongoing. itiating and adopting legislation.The Conference reaffirmed the close, construc- The Conference urged governments of the regiontive and mutually beneficial exchange between to fulfil their already agreed obligations under theBSPC and CBSS, as shown, for examp le, in the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan, in particularinteraction between BSPC and CBSS, and the by producing concrete National Implementat ionworking groups on trafficking in human beings Plans by early 2011 at the latest. It also reiteratedand on integrated maritime policy. The useful- its call for a coordination of the EU Baltic Seaness of this interaction as a joint resource in fol- Strategy with the Northern Dimension policy, aslowing and addressing the economic, social and well as with the Council of the Baltic Sea States (apolitical chal lenges of the Baltic Sea Region was core regional cooperation body) and other North-also recognised. Contacts with other organisa- ern and Baltic cooperation bodies.90 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceresult in competitive disadvantages to the econ-omy in the Baltic Sea Region and requested pro-posals on how to avoid such disadvan tages whilemaintaining high environmental standards inthe mari time sector. It also called for obligatoryuse of pilots in risk areas of the Baltic Sea and astrict implementation of the ban on trans portingThe participants expressed a wish for an ecosys- oil in single-hulled tankers. Moreover, the jointtem approach to be applied to the environmen- regional as well as national preparedness and ca-tal work in the Baltic Sea Region, including in- pacity to tackle major spills of oil and hazardousvestments, research and development to protect substances must be strengthened.eco system services and to integrate their valuesin economic systems, national budgets and strat- The debate on Peace and Security in the Balticegies for sustainable development. Stronger Sea Region emphasised the need to foster a jointmeasures were seen as necessary to protect and perception of the threats against public safetyrestore biodiversity. and civil security in the region, covering natu ralas well as technological and other man-madeThe BSPC Working Group on Integrated Mari- threats and risks. In this context, it was also con-time Policy pre sented a progress report, noting sidered important to exchange available infor-the need to investigate the extent to which the mation on the location and state of sea-dumpedreduction of sulphur content in ship fuels may chemical weapons, to inform the public abouttinUnoitacilbuP,RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 91the threats caused by these weapons, and to pre- established external cooperation and informa-pare guidelines for how to handle accidents in- tion channels. The new BSPC homepage (www.volving sea-dumped chemical weap ons. bspc. net) functions as a platform for dissemina-tion of information and documentation. TheThe BSPC Working Group on Trafficking in Conference decided to ask the Standing Com-Human Beings delivered an interim report. mittee to evalu ate the functioning of the BSPCThe report called for sufficient, per manent Joint Financing Mechanism, includ ing consid-and dedicated funds and resources to, for in- eration of a possible revision of the proceduresstance, public authorities, specialised agen- for financing the Secretariat function.cies, NGOs, and inter-governmental organi-sations and projects, such as the CBSS Task In the spring of 2010, the BSPC EnlargedForce on Traffi cking in Human Beings, in or- Standing Committee had formulated a draftder to maintain persistent and sus tained initi- version of the Conference Resolution. The Con-atives against trafficking in human beings. It ference Drafting Committee (comprising thealso under lined that a victim-centred ap- Enlarged Standi ng Committee) considered theproach must be adopted in all meas ures and draft in two sittings, and then the Conferenceactions against trafficking in human beings, adopted the Resolution by consensus. The Reso-and that development of the operational capac- lution is the main political tool for directingity to fight trafficking in the field must be pro- joint political standpoints and recommenda-moted. tions to the governments of the Baltic Sea Re-gion, the CBSS and the European Union.The joint financing of the BSPC by all partici-pating parliaments was seen as a positive step to-wards a more organised and inde pendent BalticSea Parliamentary cooperation. BSPC has ma-tured into a stable structure, with permanentbodies and recurrent work ing groups, and withtinUnoitacilbuP,RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:otohP92 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference20th BSPC – 2011 Helsinki, FinlandPhoto: shutterstock. com | TeliaThe motto of the 20th anniversary of the BSPC tion, and an increase in joint initiatives in researchwas Green Growth for a Bluer Baltic Sea and it was and development, many serious environmental,hosted by the Parliament of Finland in Helsinki, social and economic problems in the Baltic Sea re-28-30 August 2011. The conference took place at gion still remain. Ms Gestrin stated that joint en-the same venue as the very first BSPC in 1991. deavours towards security and safety, business co-Therefore, the atmosphere of those days was operation, infrastructure, and research and devel-brought up in the opening address of Mr Eero opment, strengthening the common labour mar-Heinaluoma, the Speaker of the Finnish Parlia- ket, and mobility in the region, create a huge po-ment. tential for collective growth and prosperity in theBSR. Cooperation in the BSR has been recentlyAt the beginning of the first session, on Coopera- strengthened by the EU Strategy for the Baltic Seation in the Baltic Sea Region, Ms Christina Gestrin, Region, which has been proposed by a group ofChairman of the BSPC, also pointed out that European MPs and developed by the Europeanthere had been quite remarkable developments in Commission with the aim of facilitating coopera-the Region since the first conference in Helsinki. tion in the Region. The Conference speakers un-The biggest change, in her opinion, was that the derlined that it was crucial that all relevant stake-Baltic Sea Region had evolved into an area of holders, whether they are in the EU or not, mustpeace, democracy and cooperation. However, de- be able to participate in the work on an equalspite the remarkable progress in political coopera- footing. The Northern Dimension was mentioned30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 93tinUnoitacilbuP,RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:sotohP94 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceas an important platform for cooperation betweenEU and non-EU countries, and as such should besupported by suitable funding.A historical review of the 20-year work of theBSPC was provided by Mr Jürgen Schöning, for-mer Minister, who was engaged in the BSPC workfor 20 years as the former Director of the StateParliament of Schleswig-Holstein. He describedthe institutional development of the BSPC.Adopting an annual work programme, launchingworking groups and appointing rapporteurs withclearly defined missions, represented, especially inthe second decade, milestones towards greater ef-ficiency and political impact. He also underlinedthe well-functioning model of parliamentary co-operation involving both national and regionalparliaments. Mr Schöning concluded that parlia-mentary cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region hasbeen a success story.Mr Pertti Joenniemi from the Danish Institute forInternational Studies admitted that the Baltic SeaRegion could stand out as forerunner and a modelin a Europe where macro-regions have a promi-nent place. For this purpose, more goal-orientedand pro-active policies are required in the future.Representing the CBSS, State Minister WernerHoyer described the CBSS priorities – a partner-ship aimed at modernising the Southern part ofthe Baltic Sea Region, and a coherent framework briella Lindholm, Chair of HELCOM, werefor cooperation and regional identity. He pointed more-stringent regulations for sewage dischargesout that parliamentary cooperation made a good from passenger ships, the disposal of sewage bycontribution to the work of the CBSS and that cruise ships through a voluntary call by cities,cooperation between the CBSS and the BSPC was working together with private companies onbetter than ever. port-reception facilities, a flagship project in theframework of the EUSBSR, the IMO agreementThe main subjects discussed by the Conference in to the global designation of the Baltic Sea Regionthe second session, on Maritime Issues, were those as a Special Area for sewage discharge, and thelinked to the results of the HELCOM Baltic Sea designation of the Baltic Sea as a Nitrogen Diox-Action Plan, the findings of the BSPC Working ide Emission Control Area. Mr Jochen Schulte,Group on the Integrated Maritime Policy and de- Chair of the BSPC WG on Integrated Maritimevelopments in the field of maritime safety. The Policy, expressed concerns regarding possible dis-main achievements of the BSAP listed by Ms Ga- advantages for the Baltic Sea shipping business astinUnoitacilbuP,RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:otohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 95a consequence of the designation of the Baltic Sea nation between the relevant authorities and insti-as a Sulphur Emission Control Area. According to tutions to detect money flows related to humanthe Working Group, uniform environmental trafficking, passing laws and regulations allowingstandards should be introduced also to other sea for the confiscation of profit from human traffick-areas, such as the Mediterranean Sea. Interesting ing, and imposing severe fines. Other speakersfigures were presented by Ms Anita Mäkinen, Di- stressed that a victim-based approach should berector of the Finnish Maritime Agency. She men- adopted in all measures and actions and the vic-tioned that at any given moment more than 200 tims of human trafficking must not be treated asvessels were passing through the Baltic Sea and illegal immigrants, as the fear to be deported or150 million tonnes of oil per year is transported charged discourages them from cooperation withthrough the Baltic Sea. There were 105 shipping the authorities. Among other issues mentionedaccidents in 2009, 10 of which involved oil spills. with regard to the trafficking topic were modernThe conclusion of that part of the session was that slavery organised by globalised crime groups andin order to minimise the risk of shipping acci- the problems caused by large-scale emigrationdents, greater control over ports is needed and from the Baltic countries. The discussion led toboth the Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region and the general conclusion that parliamentarians havethe HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan are good a key role in their capacity as opinion-makers andplatforms for collaboration towards enhancing legislators. Therefore, it is extremely importantmaritime security and safety. that they keep exerting political pressure on gov-ernments to take action against human traffick-The Civil Safety and Security session began with ing.the report of the BSPC Working Group on CivilSecurity and Trafficking. The most urgent request The next part of the session was devoted to publicexpressed by Mr Andre Oktay Dahl, Vice Chair of health and social Well-being. It was underlinedthe Group, was that the BSPC should establish that those two terms were strongly interlinked.networks of parliamentarians to support the fight What’s more, health is seen as a profound eco-against human trafficking. Other recommenda- nomic issue. As European countries spend 8. 3%tions featured in the report call for better coordi- of their GDP on health, any actions taken towardstinUnoitacilbuP,RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:sotohP96 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceimproving people’s health are highly valuable. The The fourth session, on Green Growth and EnergyNorthern Dimension on Public Health and Social Efficiency, included presentations on a variety of is-Well-being (NDPHS), as presented by Mr Macie- sues from different perspectives. Mr Berndt Voss,jowski, the head of the NDPHS’s Secretariat, sup- a Schleswig-Holstein MP, described green growthports initiatives strengthening policies and actions and energy efficiency in Schleswig-Holstein.in the field of the prevention of non-communica- Mr Hans Brask presented the activities of the Bal-ble diseases which have a profound effect on the tic Development Forum, and Ms Lene Grønning,health of societies, and at the same time they are a Business Ambassador from Bornholm, talkedlargely preventable, as they are caused by lifestyle. about the Bright Green Island project.Mr Maciejowski concluded that more coordina-tion and pooling of resources could be an answer The panel debate on the Future of Parliamentaryto the common challenges BSR countries are fac- Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Area was moderateding with regard to public health and social by Ambassador Sven Hirdman, who pointed outWell-being. Alcohol consumption patterns are three areas in which he thought that cooperationrisk factors relating to diseases and injuries. The must be strengthened in the future, including se-European Action Plan presented in the next part curity, cross-border infrastructure projects andof the session consisted of a thorough diagnosis of maritime safety. In addition to those fields, stablethe situation and the objectives of the Plan. The social development, results-oriented cooperationparticipants agreed that in order to reduce the in- and education and culture, were highlighted bycidence of alcohol-related diseases and injuries, the panellists as a backbone for prospective socialmore work had to be done – awareness of the bur- and economic development of the BSR. The de-dens caused by the harmful use of alcohol should bate was overshadowed by the terrorist attacks inbe raised, the commitment of governments should Norway on 22 July and in that context the funda-be increased, knowledge of effective measures to mental responsibility of parliamentarians to standreduce and prevent alcohol-related harm should for democracy, openness and humanity wasbe spread, and coordination between stakeholders strongly emphasised. In the final part of the ses-should be improved. The BSPC, appreciating the sion Ms Holznagel, a Mecklenburg-Vorpommernimportance of cooperation in the field of health MP, pointed out that a debate over the Resolutionand social Well-being, granted BSPC Observer of the BSPC should be a daily practice of eachstatus to the Northern Dimension Partnership in BSPC parliament, in the same way as it happensPublic Health and Social Well-being. in the Parliament of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.tinUnoitacilbuP,RMN,nossnaJsennahoJ:otohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 9721st BSPC – 2012 St. Petersburg, RussiaPhoto: shutterstock. com | Eugene SergeevThe 21st BSPC Conference was organised in Russian Presidency and the Presidency of RussiaSt. Petersburg, Russia, 26-28 August 2012. For in the BSPC. Ambassador Mr Gerhard Almer,the second time, the BSCP took place in St. Pe- Head of the Task Force for the German Presi-tersburg and thus it opened the third decade of dency of the CBSS 2011–2012, referred to theparliamentary cooperation in the Baltic Sea Re- extraordinary meeting held in Schloss Plön ingion. Participants had the opportunity to visit February 2012 when the CBSS foreign minis-St. Petersburg’s municipal wastewater-treatment ters agreed on an ambitious programme focusedplant. The project was frequently cited through- on cooperation in the tourism sector, expansionout the conference as a best-practice example of of public-private partnerships, youth exchanges,BSR cooperation. Another group of participants academic and research cooperation, and sustain-visited the new passenger port terminal Marine able development. Ms Valentina Pivnenko,Façade. Chairperson of the BSPC, underlined the neces-sity of modernisation and of developing innova-The various aspects of institutional cooperation tion in the region, and admitted that it shouldin the BSR were among the main issues dis- be the main focus of cooperation at the politicalcussed during the first session, on Regional Part- and administrative levels. Other issues of utmostnership and Cross-Border Cooperation in the Bal- importance mentioned by Ms Pivnenko weretic Sea Region. The speakers stressed the synergy public-private interaction and the maritimebetween the priorities of the CBSS under the strategy for curbing eutrophication, maritime98 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencesafety for better protection of the environment, were presented: Mr Jacek Protasiewicz,energy efficiency, nuclear safety, and the infra- Vice-President of the European Parliament, out-structure for increasing the competitiveness of lined the objectives of the EU Strategy for thethe BSR in Europe and globally. She stressed the Baltic Sea Region, and Mr Stanislav Lazowskyfact that such a wide range of goals could be introduced the participants to the North-Westonly achieved in close cooperation with sub-re- Russia Socio-Economic Development Strategy.gional and non-governmental organisations, Both strategies aimed at improving the ecosys-such as HELCOM, BSSSC, and the Northern tem of the Baltic Sea, connectivity in the region,Dimension. During this session two strategies and the Well-being of the people living there.rhaBodoB,grebdiWnaJ:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 99“Therefore, both shall contribute to the develop- BASAP implementation, it has been acknowl-ment of the Baltic Sea area” – that was the final edged that the municipal wastewater-treatmentconclusion of the session which was included in sector and the industrial sector have been suc-the text of the BSPC Resolution. Mr Jakko Het- cessful in reducing their discharges of nutrientstonnen, Manager of the NDEP assured, that the and hazardous substances into the Baltic Sea. ItNorthern Dimension Environmental Partner- was also noted that the Baltic Sea States haveship (NDEP) can also contribute to the reduc- been successful in finalising a number of activi-tion of eutrophication by supporting wastewater ties involving shipping and biodiversity. Howev-plants and energy-efficiency projects in Russia er, a lot of work still has to be done to limit eu-and Belarus. trophication, which was the biggest environ-mental problem. The EU regulations regardingThe second session, on Environmental Health the use of phosphates and phosphorus com-and Energy Cooperation, began with a discussion pounds in the households were adopted in 2017,on the status of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action but the last part of that hazardous substancePlan (BASAP), presented by Ms Helle Pilsgaard, originating from agriculture requires special at-Chair of HELCOM. As regards the progress of tention. Ms Christina Gestrin, BSPC HEL-rhaBodoB,grebdiWnaJ:sotohP100 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceCOM observer, underlined the strong involve- ed approach on such issues as reduction of emis-ment of the BSPC in this issue. In its Report sion, maritime transport maritime safety and afrom 2007, the BSPC Working Group on Eu- common maritime spatial planning, informedtrophication came up with far-reaching propos- Mr Jochen Schulte, BSPC Rapporteur on Inte-als, e. g. asking the IMO to prohibit nitro- grated Maritime Policy.gen-oxide discharges in the Baltic Sea. Ms Ge-strin concluded her speech by a call for the im- During the fourth and last session, on Health,plementation of existing plans instead of mak- Social Welfare and Economic Development, muching new recommendations. concern was expressed with regard to the agingsociety, the growing burden of non-communica-Many interesting examples of environmental co- ble diseases, antimicrobial resistance, diabeticsoperation were presented during that session. and other socially significant diseases. The speak-What is more, the hosts’ representative gave an ers representatives of NDPHS, the State Univer-assurance that the subsequent Ministerial Meet- sity of Karelia and the Baltic Assembly – agreeding in 2013 would provide reports from each that cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region, bothcountry on the implementation of national political and project-related, had to be contin-commitments to the Baltic Sea Action Plan. ued and developed in order to bring about newsolutions to prevent the premature mortalitySustainability must be the guiding principle for from preventable causes. The next section, deal-the increasingly developing tourism in the Baltic ing with labour-market issues, was dominatedSea Region – that was an important conclusion by the discussion on high youth unemployment.of the subsequent part of the conference. It was It was said that, as Europe was facing demo-claimed that, together with innovation, going graphic aging, the full potential of a small work-ecological can be a long-term driver for econom- ing population should be tapped into. To im-ic growth through investments in renewable en- prove the situation, the process of transition be-ergy and more-efficient use of energy and mate- tween school and the labour market must be fa-rial. To support this direction, raised awareness cilitated by, for example, dual education orof green growth and efficiency, better allocation well-functioning apprenticeship and internshipof financial resources to such initiatives, the set- systeMs An extensive report on youth unem-ting of nationally binding targets, and the pro- ployment and measures to combat the problemmotion of public-private procurement, are re- in the Baltic Sea Region was recommended byquired. That could be the remedy for the unsat- Mr Franz Thönnes, BSPC Rapporteur on La-isfactory, as expressed by the participants, state bour-Market Issues.of Baltic Sea’s environmental condition.During debates and in comments, the subject is-Special emphasis in the third session, on A safe sue of democracy, freedom of expression andand Healthy Baltic Sea, was put on cooperation limits for freedom of expression was mentionedbetween Baltic organisations such as BSPC, many times. The participants agreed that withCBSS, BSSSC in the area of an Integrated Mar- the respect for cultural differences, building anitime Policy and, in particular, on the EU Sul- open, equal and democratic society is the pro-phur directive on the environmental impact of cess that needs politicians’ constant attention.the use of LNG and the promotion of maritimetransports. Different organisations working withthe integrated maritime policy have been able towork together and managed to take an integrat-30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 10122nd BSPC – 2013 Pärnu, EstoniaPhoto: -jkb-The 22nd BSPC conference was hosted by of new ideas followed by quick expeditious im-Riigikogu, the Parliament of Estonia in Pärnu, plementation.25-27 August 2013, and was honoured by theopening address by H. E. Toomas Hendrik The title of the 22nd conference was InnovationIlves, President of the Republic of Estonia. for a Competitive Economy in the Region with a keyMr Ilves pointed out that the Baltic Sea Re- theme of the debate being innovation in the BSRgion had an enormous potential to become a from parliamentary perspective.leader in innovation, but the implementationof innovative projects aimed at fostering eco- The first session, on Cooperation in the Baltic Seanomic growth requires political will, support- Region, was opened by Ms Laine Randjärv, Chair-ive decisions, relevant educational policies, ad- person of the BSPC, who welcomed the fact thatequate funding and appropriate legislative after a tough period of recession, the Baltic Seaframework. H. E. Ene Ergma, President of the Region countries have come back to being rankedEstonian Parliament, in her speech empha- as leaders in terms of economic growth indica-sised that any development is based on innova- tors. New industrial structures, new market con-tion, sustainability and competitiveness, which ditions and social transformations can be devel-are on the agenda of the 22nd BSPC. A re- oped only when an innovative approach is intro-sponsible approach to innovation, however, duced and applied in those areas. Therefore, Msmeans the intensive and diligent development Randjärv proposed establishing the new BSPC102 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceWorking Group on Innovation in Social and North-West Russia as a result of CBSS initiatives.Health Care. Once again the close connection be- Ms Darya Akhutina representing the Baltic NGOtween BSCP and CBSS was confirmed by Ms Forum and the recently established Baltic NGOSatu Mattila, Chairperson of the CBSS Commit- Network presented a number of recommenda-tee of Senior Officials. The main theme for the tions with reference to enhancing the participa-Finnish presidency in 2013-2014 was a “Clean, tion of civil society organisations in the deci-Safe and Smart Baltic Sea”, and many priorities sion-making process. In order to facilitate cooper-such as the promotion of clean navigation and ation visa mobility system should be revised andthe use of alternative fuels, the prevention of mar- the registration fee abolished at least for youngitime accidents, and the strengthening of civil so- members of NGO’s, claimed Ms Akhutina.ciety, are close to the topics discussed within theBSPC. Ms Mattila stressed the necessity for the Civil society was also a focal point of interventionrecommendations of the BSPC to be implement- by Mr Lars Kascha, from the Baltic Sea Youth Fo-ed and added that dialogue between governments rum. He spoke about the attempts to re-establishand parliaments within the framework of the Bal- the Baltic Sea Secretariat for Youth Affairs in Kieltic Sea regional cooperation is of an utmost im- and to create the Baltic Sea Youth Forum, a net-portance. The next speaker, Mr Sergey Petrovich, work of local, regional and national youth organ-former Chair of the CBSS Russian presidency, isations operating in the Baltic Sea Region. Alsocontinued the important issue of the implemen- in a comment by Mr Franz Thönnes, Member oftation of political decisions by giving extensive Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany,examples of projects that had been launched in youth issues were highlighted. Mr Thönnes invit-aamlekhiMvelO:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 103ed the Finnish CBSS presidency to organise ayouth forum before the annual conference andalso supported the opinion that visa liberalisationis essential for people-to-people contacts in theRegion.During any BSPC Conference a discussion oncooperation with regard to Baltic Sea environ-mental issues could not be omitted. This time thestate of affairs was presented by Ms MonikaStankiewicz, Executive Secretary of Helcom. Eu-trophication is still the major environmentalproblem, as Ms Stankiewicz reported, so it was tion of the BSPC to the ministerial meeting re-put high on the agenda of the ministerial meet- garding an integrated maritime policy, energying. Reaching an agreement on the distribution and environmental protection.of reductions in phosphorus and nitrogen amongthe involved countries would be one of the main Mr Pat the Cope Gallagher, Member of the Euro-tasks of the ministerial meeting in October 2013. pean Parliament, briefed the BSPC on the devel-Only timely implementation of the Baltic Sea Ac- opment of the EUSBSR and the Northern Di-tion Plan can lead to a healthy Baltic Sea. As to mension. The Strategy for the Baltic Sea Regionthe situation in the maritime sector, it is expected has been revised and currently the Revised Actionthat the ministerial meeting will agree on a new Plan has only three objectives: Save the Sea, Con-initiative ‒ the establishment of a Green Technol- nect the Region, Increase Prosperity; and focusesogy and Alternative Fuels Platform for Shipping. mainly on the environment and the economy, in-Ms Stankiewicz invited the BSPC to support that dicated Mr Gallagher. Environmental issues areinitiative. also high on the agenda of the Northern Dimen-sion, and cooperation with Russia is crucial in or-In her comment to that part of the session, Ms der to effectively address regional challenge, con-Sylvia Bretschneider, President of the Landtag of cluded Mr Gallagher. In their comments MsMecklenburg-Vorpommern and the BSPC Ob- Christina Gestrin and Mr Vantar Yagya support-server at HELCOM, mentioned the contribu- ed such high expectations for EUSBSR andaamlekhiMvelO:sotohP104 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceclaimed that more compatibility with other strat- of resource-efficient technologies and the rise ofegies, e. g. the Social and Economic Develop- the bio-economy are the main trends affectingment of the North-West Federal Districts of the the BSR. Ms Silvia Stiller from the Hamburg In-Russian Federation, the Barents Strategy and the stitute of International Economics referred to theNorthern Dimension, should be encouraged. future potential and the challenges of the BSRarea of innovation. She indicated that the BalticCooperation by the BSPC with political net- Sea Region was characterised by substantial struc-works and institutions gained a new dimension tural and developmental differences in the inno-when Ms Olena Netetska, Vice-President of the vation potential, which included, firstly, distinctParliamentary Assembly of Black Sea Economic disparities in per capita income; secondly, differ-Cooperation (PABSEC) announced that the 44th ences in innovation potential; thirdly, differencesGeneral Assembly of PABSEC had decided to in private and public investment in R&D; andgrant the BSPC observer status. fourthly differences in education systeMs MsStiller pointed out that the analyses confirmedThe following sessions were characterised by that innovation and the introduction of noveltiesmany different topics which were raised in a wide to the economy are closely linked with the gener-range of expert presentations and with a great al education level of society.number of ideas and proposals to be discussed.After analysing the challenges to build the BalticThe second session, on Economic Growth, Innova- Sea Region innovative area, many encouragingtion and Competitiveness of the Baltic Sea Region and promising examples of activities and projectsVision 2050 ‒ What Innovation Does the Region in the field of innovation were presented.Need to Become Sustainable? featured an interest-ing discussion on key trends affecting the Baltic E-health has become a new sector which de-Sea Region and on the other gave many examples mands new solutions, so the project Accelerateof innovation initiatives. Life, has been developed. The project brings to-gether partners from 5 countries, with the aim ofProf. Erik Terk, Director of the Estonian Institute accelerating disruptive innovation in e-health, lifefor Future Studies, admitted that according to fu- science, med-tech, biotechnology and diagnos-ture trends research, global growth in the nextdecades will not be driven by Europe. If Europewants to continue its economic and social devel-opment it must adapt to the changes taking placein the global area. Therefore, Baltic Sea countriesshould restructure their economies, namely theindustries and the proportion of high-tech pro-duction, develop new services, and revise the geo-graphical patterns of their economic ties. ForMr Jari Kaivo-Oja from Finland’s Futures Re-search Centre, the most significant effects of glo-balisation are those interlinked with changes inthe demographic, economic and social structure.Globalisation, demographic changes, rises ofcomplex societies, web-society empowerment ofpeople, digitalisation, the Internet, the expansionaamlekhiMvelO:otohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 105tics, by supporting ten best start-ups with a 6 plus Valuable facts and figures regarding the role of the6 months programme. Project BONUS is a re- green economy in growth, job creation and thesearch and development programme of the Baltic environment were given by Mr Timo MäkeläSea Region with a budget for 2011-2017 of 100 from the European Commission. The consump-million Euro. The mission of BONUS is to trans- tion and extraction of fossil fuels has increased byform the Baltic Sea Research system into a dura- eight times. By 2050 the global demand for foodble, cooperative and multinational system. Nor- might increase by 70 % while 60 % of the world’sdic Innovation assists policy makers, policy im- major ecosystems have already been degraded. Byplementers, and business and research organisa- 2050 resource efficiency has to be increased by 4tions. The Nordic High Growth Entrepreneur- to 10 times. On the other hand, prices for food,ship Initiative is aimed at facilitating national ac- raw materials, energy, metal and minerals, despitetivities in increasing the capacities of innovative the financial crises, are increasing. Therefore thecompanies. The Nordic Built Initiative is aimed transformation of the European Economy is anat the building industry and focuses on the har- urgent demand, concluded Mr Mäkelä.monisation of standards and the promotion of in-novation in industry. In their final comments the Dr. Sonja Deppish, from the University of Ham-parliamentarians stressed the importance of inno- burg, focused on climate change and spatial de-vation as the key-driving force in economic velopment in the urban regions of the BSR. Thegrowth, welcomed the amendments to the resolu- key messages which needed to be delivered to thetion regarding marine technologies, and agreed decision makers were cited as follows: climatethat education is an important prerequisite for change will affect technical infrastructure andthe development of innovation. buildings; the vulnerability of the urban popula-tion varies between social groups; and socio-eco-The third session, on Green Growth and Energy nomic structures around the Baltic Sea cities haveEfficiency, began with the BSPC Working to begin adapting. Some cities, like Copenhagen,Group on the Green Growth and Energy Effi- Stockholm, Helsinki and Rostock, are alreadyciency report, presented by Chairperson Ms adapting but still, as Ms Deppish admitted, socialCecile Tenfjord-Toftby. The political recom- and ecological aspects so far have been neglected.mendations have been clustered in four coreproposals and covered such issues as raising theawareness of the energy efficiency and greengrowth among households and enterprises,providing uniform technical standards andbuilding codes, promoting green public pro-curement investments in the area of infrastruc-ture, business and buildings, and implement-ing financial schemes that support greengrowth and energy efficiency. All of these havebeen included in the text of the 22nd BSPCResolution. The remarkable results of theGroup’s work were highly esteemed by the au-dience. The CBSS, in 2014, in recognising theimportance of the subject, announced their in-tention to organise a follow-up conference incooperation with the BSPC.aamlekhiMvelO:otohP106 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceSpace technologies were the next subject of the were worked out by the European Design Leader-debate and a number of purposes to which those ship Board and presented as 21 policy recom-technologies could be applied were presented by mendations at the Design and Innovation Sum-Ms Aire Olesk from Tartu University. Space tech- mit in Helsinki. They were enumerated by Msnologies can be used in the energy sector, for ex- Deborah Dawton, President of the Bureau of Eu-ample, by assessing mining subsidence in under- ropean Design Associations, and referred to theground mines, measuring the geological stability positioning of design within the European Inno-of oil and gas fields, as well as monitoring pipe- vation system, design for innovative and compet-lines and buildings constructed in large urban ar- itive enterprises, design skills for an innovativeeas. Ms Olesk concluded her presentation by public sector, design abilities in the 21st Century,pointing out that the numerous other applica- and cooperation among the design sector.tions in meteorology, agriculture and forestrycould be seen as reflecting the fact that the chang- Another approach was presented by the Board ofing earth drives innovation. Directors of the UN World Summit on the Infor-mation Society. Prof. Dr. Peter A. Bruck, Chair-Innovative solutions for strengthening competi- man of the Board, introduced the idea of thetiveness and economic growth are being devel- World Summit Award, which is aimed at facilitat-oped within the framework of EUSBSR flagship ing innovative solutions, providing smart contentproject StarDust. 63 partners from academia, and thus contributing to the knowledge-drivenbusiness clusters, and SME networks are involved society.in various activities. The aim of the project pre-sented was to create globally recognised innova- For Mr Pritt Sauna, Co-Founder of the Garagetion hubs and use the excellence of neighbouring 48 Foundation, the main basis for creative entre-countries. preneurship is the experts who are able to createproducts, designers who make products appeal-The Conference once more confirmed the find- ing to customers, experts who sell the productsings of the BSPC Working Group on Green and the experts who supervise the whole process.Growth and Energy Sufficiency and agreed that With the reports from the BSPC Rapporteurs onincreasing public awareness of green energy and Maritime Policy and Trafficking in Human Be-energy efficiency might change people’s attitudes ings the session ended.and the market demand. The first step can be tak-en by politicians who should distribute the report In her closing remarks, Ms Laine Randjärv un-in the parliaments of their countries. Apart from derlined that the 22nd Baltic Sea Parliamentarythat, the Baltic Sea countries should also take into Conference had articulated its strong convictionaccount the 5th Assessment Report of the Inter- that the Future of the Region lies in smart special-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). isation and defining the competitive areas ofgrowth. The world is changing and there is a needThe Economic and Social Conditions for Creative to take into account globalisation, demographicEntrepreneurship were discussed during the fourth change, ageing and longevity. People are bettersession of the Conference. What could be done to involved and empowered through social mediasupport and develop creative entrepreneurship in and web-based solutions. This leads to findingthe Baltic Sea Region – the answer to that ques- and using more efficient technologies, and thetion appeared not to be simple but there are many success of cooperation in the Baltic Sea Regionideas, recommendations and initiatives towards will be judged by the Region’s ability to exert abuilding a creative Baltic Sea area. Some of them positive impact on people’s everyday lives.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 10723rd BSPC – 2014 Olsztyn, PolandPhoto: shutterstock. com | Lukasz SzwajThe 23rd Parliamentary Conference took place strong belief that its continuation lies in the vital24-26 August 2014, in Olsztyn, the capital of interests of all the people of the region, in viewWarmia and Mazury, situated in the centre of of the number of challenges to be faced.the southern Baltic Region. The title of the con-ference, The Baltic Sea the Quest for Harmony: H. E. Bogdan Borusewicz, President of the Sen-cultural and natural heritage as an element in the ate of the Republic of Poland, emphasised that itharmonious development of the Baltic Sea Region, was the third time that Poland had hosted thehas come to have a special significance in the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference, the mosttimes of political conflict caused by the Ukrain- important forum of parliamentary exchange inian crisis. A total of 200 parliamentarians, ex- the region. He expressed the opinion that theperts and officials from all the countries of the Baltic Sea Region was an area of growing poten-Baltic Sea Region gathered to discuss the history, tial for cooperation, ever better integrated andheritage and culture shared by the people living prosperous, which was currently facing an op-on the Baltic Sea. In his opening address portunity to reinforce its position in both theMr Ryszard Górecki, Chairman of the BSPC European and global dimensions.and Senator of the Republic of Poland, stressedthe great value of the political dialogue that has The first session, on Cooperation in the Baltic Seataken place in the last 23 years at the Baltic Sea Region, focused on developments in cooperationParliamentary Conferences and expressed his with long-standing partners of the BSPC – the108 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceCBSS, HELCOM, the European Commission, tion, administration and management is of spe-and the NGO Forum. cial significance for the regional economies.Mr Górecki also stressed the importance of aMr Górecki opened the discussion by pointing permanent dialogue with CBSS at the politicalout the fact that the Baltic Sea Parliamentary and administrative levels and expressed satisfac-Conference was set up in 1991 at a difficult time tion with the reporting on the contacts betweenof profound political transformations in the re- the BSPC, on the one hand, and SEECP andgion, so today, much like in 1991, a forum like PABSEC, on the other.BSPC is essential. Furthermore, he acknowl-edged that a few years ago the Baltic Sea Region Ms Satu Mattila, Chairperson of the CBSS CSOwas still mired in profound economic recession; 2013-2014, mentioned the long-term coopera-currently, the BSR is proving to have the highest tion between the CBSS and BSPC. One exam-growth in the European Union. The proper use ple of such cooperation was a joint seminar ofand implementation of innovations in produc- CBSS, BSPC and BASREC on energy efficien-,sriaffAnoinUnaeporuEdnalanoitanretnIrofecffiO:sotohPdnaloPfocilbupeRehtfoetaneSehtfoyrellecnahC30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 109cy, attended by the Finnish Minister of ForeignAffairs, Mr Erkki Tuomioja. The CBSS alsostepped up its cooperation with HELCOM. Aconference on the use of alternative fuels in mar-itime transport was organised in January 2014,and a road map for the implementation of greentechnologies was developed during the BalticSea Days in Turku in June 2014. With the in-tention of reinforcing the role of civil societyand the promotion of labour issues as part of the‘interpersonal contacts’ priority, the Finnish out in the Vilnius Declaration approved at thePresidency supported the organisation of a fo- CBSS summit in 2008. Mr Mälk provided in-rum of non-governmental organisations in Tur- formation on the meetings planned in 2014 andku and the Baltic Sea Labour Forum (BSLF) 2015 and emphasised that the CBSS consideredmeeting in Helsinki. In conclusion, Ms Mattila the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference to benoted that the political climate changed midway an important partner.through the Presidency and the planned CBSSsummit in Turku was not held, owing to the sit- Developments in the EU Strategy for the Balticuation in Ukraine, but despite the political un- Sea Region and Northern Dimension were re-certainty, cooperation in the region should con- ported by Ms Lina Marcinkut, a representativetinue at the legal, expert and parliamentary lev- of the European Commission. The report onels within the framework of the BSPC. Managing Macro-regional Strategies producedin May 2014 found that progress was needed.For Mr Raul Mälk, Chair of the CBSS CSO, the Regarding the Northern Dimension Environ-main task of the Estonian Presidency will be the mental Partnership (NDEP), Ms Marcinkut ad-practical implementation of the CBSS long- mitted that its wastewater-treatment projects interm priorities and the implementation of activ- north-west Russia and in Belarus had helped toities aimed at the achievement of the goals set improve the condition of the Baltic Sea.,sriaffAnoinUnaeporuEdnalanoitanretnIrofecffiO:sotohPdnaloPfocilbupeRehtfoetaneSehtfoyrellecnahC110 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceThe progress of the implementation of the Bal- Ms Valentina Pivnenko, Member of the Dumatic Sea Action Plan was reported by Mr Harry of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federa-Liiv, Chairman of HELCOM. Over 30 % of tion, informed the participants about the Strate-actions planned for 2017 have been completed gy of the socio-economic development of theand 60 % initiated or partly completed. As far North-West Federal District. The main goal be-as eutrophication is concerned, despite the ac- hind the Strategy until 2020 is to increase thetions being undertaken to mitigate the process, Well-being of the population and offset and/orthe Baltic Sea is still in a difficult position. A reduce the differences in the standard of livingpositive fact is the decrease of the dumping of in individual territories that lie within those 11nutrients into the Baltic by approximately 10% regions. In support of the development of thefrom 1994 to 2010, with the depositing of nu- economy and innovation and of removing limi-trients being reduced by 18 % and of phos- tations on transport, energy and the infrastruc-phates by 16 %. A decrease in the emission of ture, 24 national programmes have beenpollutants is also a priority of the Estonian launched costing circa 390 million rubles. Rus-Presidency in HELCOM. In closing, Mr Liiv sia is interested in joining forces with the Euro-announced that a regional action plan to limit pean Union to solve the problems of the regionthe level of waste being dumped into the waters as part of the coordinated implementation ofof the sea has been drafted and the final version the regional strategies, the NWFD Strategy, andshould be approved the following year. In her EUSBSR – so that the efforts related to the Rus-speech Ms Sylvia Bretschneider, President of sian participation in the Interreg Baltic Sea Pro-the Parliament of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern gramme 2014-2020 would be very beneficial.and the BSPC Observer at HELCOM, empha- Ms Pivnenko presented her point of view on thesised the fruitful cooperation between BSPC Russian-Ukrainian conflict, considering it as anand HELCOM, which had been going on for internal conflict in Ukraine.12 years and spoke about her participation andaddress at the Ministerial Meeting in Helsinki Ms Daria Akhutina and Päivi Kärnä from theon behalf of the BSPC. NGO Forum of the Baltic Sea shared their re-,sriaffAnoinUnaeporuEdnalanoitanretnIrofecffiO:otohPdnaloPfocilbupeRehtfoetaneSehtfoyrellecnahC30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 111marks on the future and role of NGO networks mentary Assembly. Furthermore, he expressedin the Region. The 12th Baltic Sea NGO Forum the conviction that the SEECP would soon ap-was held in June 2014, bringing together 230 ply for observer status at the BSPC.participants. The final document noted thatconstant cooperation between citizens promotes Further statements broadened the subject of thestability in the region by decreasing tensions, session. The speakers emphasised the very goodpromoting traditions and good neighbourliness, cooperation within the BSPC and its role inmutual trust and tolerance. Therefore, the par- strengthening democratic institutions and theliaments of the BSPC are natural partners for building of trust in the BSR, and called for ac-the Baltic Sea NGO Network. Ms Akutina con- tion in support of avoiding a new Cold War. Thecluded with an appeal for launching permanent cooperation of young people in the Region wascooperation between the BSPC and the NGO underlined and support for establishing a solidNetwork. basis for young people’s participation in the BSRwas expressed.Mr Rumen Gechev, Member of the BulgarianParliament representing the South-East Europe- Session two, on Environmental legacy – environ-an Cooperation Process (SEECP), presented in- mental challenges, began with an optimistic state-formation on parliamentary cooperation within ment by Mr Andrzej Jagusiewicz, Chief Inspec-SEECP and admitted that the model of Baltic tor of the Environmental Protection of the Re-cooperation was to a great extent a role model public of Poland, that his country would achievefor the SEECP in the development of its Parlia- the goals of the Baltic Sea Action Plan by 2021,sriaffAnoinUnaeporuEdnalanoitanretnIrofecffiO:otohPdnaloPfocilbupeRehtfoetaneSehtfoyrellecnahC112 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencethrough the implementation of the National Interesting projects in the framework of the EUProgramme of Construction of Wastewa- Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, and methodster-Treatment Plants. The programme, with a for monitoring the maritime ecosystem of thebudget of €20 billion, covers the construction, Baltic Sea, were presented in the last two inputsexpansion and/or upgrading of wastewater-pro- of that session. In the CHEMISEA project thecessing plants in all clusters of 2,000 or more research teams undertook to identify the loca-residents by 2015. Mr Jagusiewicz referred to tions of chemical munitions in areas that hadthe problem of chemical munitions lying in the not yet been investigated, to estimate the con-Baltic. Poland leads UMBRELA (the Underwa- centration of chemical-warfare agents and to as-ter Munitions Baltic Remediation cluster sess the risk related to the natural or accidentalLeAgue), the EUSBSR flagship project, and is release of such substances into the ecosystem ofactively involved in other projects in this field. the Baltic Sea. In turn, a new strategy for moni-toring and assessment had been approved byIn her Progress Report on Eutrophication, Ms HELCOM in 2013. Monitoring measures areChristina Gestrin, Member of the Finnish Parlia- being coordinated between countries and when-ment, underlined that eutrophication was the ever possible made accessible throughout the re-worst problem faced by the Baltic Sea. She re- gion. International cooperation in that respect iscalled that the BSPC working group had devel- the most efficient way of reducing the cost of re-oped and adopted the Clear and Clean Report in search and monitoring, both as far as investment2007. Ms Gestrin also emphasised the impor- and the essential activities are concerned – thattance of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Plan. Also, she was the conclusion of that part of the session.noted that the Northern Dimension Environ-mental Partnership plays a significant role in In their comments the speakers presented varyingcombining the efforts of non-EU States, especial- views on the situation in the Baltic Sea environ-ly Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, and EU Member ment. On the one hand, the representative of theStates to overcome environmental problems in Åland Islands spoke about the mass growth of al-the BSR. In her closing remarks Ms Gestrin not- gae observed around the islands in 2014 anded that the current political situation in the re- called for more intensive steps to be taken by oth-gion was a threat to the lasting positive process of er countries; on the other hand, remarkable pro-the protection of the Baltic Sea and expressed gress had been made in Mecklenburg-Vorpom-hope for a prompt return of the political situation mern towards reaching HELCOM goals on eu-to normal. trophication. In Warmia and Mazury a compre-,sriaffAnoinUnaeporuEdnalanoitanretnIrofecffiO:otohPdnaloPfocilbupeRehtfoetaneSehtfoyrellecnahC30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 113hensive Green University programme had been Region. The objective of the project is to look atintroduced at the University of Olsztyn, which the history of the Baltic Sea Region from a newled to the setting up of a new scientific institute perspective and to present various perceptions ofdealing with the issues of environmental protec- Baltic Sea history.tion with special focus on limnology.Mr Mikko Härö, Director of the Department ofThe third session on The Baltic Sea Cultural Her- Cultural Environment Protection of the Nationalitage providing orientation for good partnership, Board of Antiquities of Finland, suggested in hiswas a direct reference to the title of the 23rd presentation that the only constant feature of her-BSPC. Mr Piotr Zuchowski, Secretary of State at itage is permanent change. The new approach tothe Polish Ministry of Culture and the National heritage assumes that the definitions of heritageHeritage, stressed that the Baltic Sea Region was should be developed by communities and not byone of the priorities of Polish cultural policy. Po- administrations. The speaker mentioned the Faroland had coordinated the Culture Priority Area in Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage forthe EUSBSR since 2013. In parallel, since 2014 Society of the Council of Europe of 2005, whichPoland had presided over the Northern Dimen- makes it possible to inscribe heritage into humansion Partnership on Culture (NDPC). In July activity and disassociate it from political associa-2015 Poland will assume its Presidency of the tions. The speaker also recognised the EuropeanCouncil of the Baltic Sea States with special focus Commission Communication Towards an inte-on culture and cultural heritage. Ms Anke grated approach to a cultural heritage for EuropeSpoorendonk, the Minister of Justice, Cultural (July 2014) as a milestone in the EU’s approachand European Affairs of Schleswig-Holstein, add- to heritage. Dr. Hanna Hagmark-Cooper fromed that culture is a value in itself, as it builds the Åland Maritime Museum expressed her con-bridges, unites, and brings people and regions to- viction that maritime museums had a key role together. She claimed that joint cultural actions are play in the maintenance and promotion of thesignificant for the inclusion of Russian partners in marine cultural heritage and that through theirBaltic cooperation, even during the conflict in activities they attracted the commitment of localUkraine, and emphasised that the conflict could communities. Museums have become involved inresult in the breaking down of communication. external and international cooperation, as fiveThe speaker emphasised the significance of the Baltic Sea Region Cultural Heritage Forums havebusiness aspect in culture and the creative indus- been organised since 2013. Ms Anita Vaivade,tries, which provide the EU with 4,5 % of its add- from the Latvian Academy of Culture and experted value. Culture is a significant catalyst for inno- for UNESCO, introduced participants to thevation and is important for other sectors as well.Prof. Henryk Samsonowicz focused his consider-ations on the theme of The Baltic Sea – a Frontieror a Meeting Point?, pointing to the historicalmultitude of economic, cultural and social rela-tions across the southern Baltic.Prof. Jörg Hackmann, University of Szczecin,presented information on the Baltic Sea HistoryProject, which is a flagship project of the culturepriority area in the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea,sriaffAnoinUnaeporuEdnalanoitanretnIrofecffiO:otohPdnaloPfocilbupeRehtfoetaneSehtfoyrellecnahC114 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceprospects of cooperation in the field of intangible presented the Midway Report from the BSPCcultural heritage. The speaker mentioned “The Working Group on Innovation in Social andBaltic Way”, a human chain formed in the Baltic Health Care. The speaker mentioned the mainStates on 23 August 1989, as an example of in- healthcare problems that the group had been in-tangible cultural heritage in the Baltic Sea Re- vestigating – the ageing of the population, ine-gion. In closing, she emphasised that intangible qualities in health care, lifestyle-related diseases,heritage was of greatest importance for the func- and financial pressures. Innovation was highlight-tioning of local communities. ed as a tool to meet these challenges in a cost-ef-fective manner without compromising the quali-In the comments all speakers underlined the pro- ty of health services. Among the preliminary rec-found role culture had in supporting peaceful de- ommendations of the Working Group were strat-velopment, overcoming barriers and differences egies and action plans for the promotion of inno-with knowledge–based tools and dialogue and in vation in social and health care, organisationalbuilding a clean and prosperous Baltic Sea Re- and structural reforms, fiscal incentives to helpgion. SME’s, favourable financing conditions for thehealth economy, the foundation of skill centresIn his introductory presentation to the 4th session for the commercialisation of scientific knowl-on The Baltic Sea Region in search of a harmonious edge, and competence enhancement in educationand sustainable future, Dr. Leszek Melibruda from and training, equal availability of healthcare andthe SWPS University in Warsaw referred to the social-welfare services, a greater awareness of thecontemporary revolution in notions of trust, au- needs of elderly people, and the exchange of bestthority and freedom. The scholar expressed the practices, as well as the continued support of theopinion that politicians frequently could not in- work of the Northern Dimension Partnership influence the way they were presented in the media, Public Health and Social Well-being. The resultsand yet it was in the media that their image was of the activities carried out by the Working Groupbuilt. That was why the development of public were welcomed by Ms Valentina Pivnenko whotrust was currently being made extremely diffi- expressed her belief that the interest of the BSPCcult, explained Mr Melibruda. in the area of healthcare would also continue inthe years to follow once the Working Group hadMs Kinga Dudzińska of the Polish Institute of In- finished its operations.ternational Affairs (PISM) presented a report en-titled Cross-Border Movement between Gdańsk, Mr Mikalai Katsetski from Belarus, and Mr PiotrOlsztyn, and Kaliningrad, expressing the view that Bauć, Member of the Polish Parliament, empha-the introduction of an agreement on local border sised the importance of the E40 waterway-revivaltraffic between the Republic of Poland and the project. The waterway, crossing the territories ofRussian Federation had proved to be a success in both EU and non-EU States, provides an oppor-the social, economic, and cultural dimensions. tunity to develop commercial and tourist rela-This made it possible for the residents of the Ka- tions, as well as to strengthen ties between com-liningrad Oblast, and some counties in the Po- munities.morskie and Warmia and Mazury regions, tocross the border on the basis of permits, initiating In conclusion of the conference, Mr Ryszardmore-frequent contacts. Górecki and Ms Sylvia Bretschneider, Chair ofthe BSPC 2014–2015, thanked Jan Widberg forMs Olaug Bollestad, Chairwoman of the BSPC his long-standing, dedicated work in the post ofWG on Innovation in Social and Health Care, General Secretary of the BSPC.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 11524th BSPC – 2015 Rostock, Mecklenburg-VorpommernPhoto: shutterstock. com |Sean PavoneThe 24th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference and measures which are to be realised. The BSPCtook place in Rostock, 31 August-1 September has succeeded in achieving this strategic ap-2015 and for the second time in the history of the proach.BSPC was hosted by the Parliament of Mecklen-burg Vorpommern. The subject matter of the Opening and welcoming words were given by Msconference focused strongly on various aspects of Sylvia Bretschneider, President of Mecklenburgone main topic, namely health, with the title of Vorpommern and Mr Erwin Sellering, the Primethe conference - Baltic Sea Region - a Role Model Minister of that Land. The Conference was hon-for Innovation in Social and Healthcare. This was oured by the presence of Mr Günther Oettinger,the new strategic approach to – apart from the is- European Commissioner for Digital Economysue of cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region – fo- and Society as well as present and former Minis-cus on one main issue, which was also the topic of ters and Vice-ministers of Health from the Balticthe BSPC working group. Additionally, the goal Sea States.was to involve responsible representatives of thegovernments of the Baltic Sea States, which was Traditionally, the first session covered the subjectrequested during several of the former conferenc- matter of Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region. Mses. This granted a possibility to deepen one im- Sylvia Bretschneider, Chair of the BSPC, gave ex-portant political area, to discuss it not only with amples of visible progress which had beenexperts but also with representatives of govern- achieved during realisation of the goals of thements and to inforce future development of this BSPC mission statement. She mentioned: thepolitical issue by a comprehensive list of actions contribution of the Standing Committee in keep-116 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferencenremmoproV-grubnelkceMgatdnaL:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 117ing health in the Action Plan of the EU Strategy Next speaker Mr Jørn Dohrmann, Member offor the Baltic Sea Region, the intensified cooper- the European Parliament provided the informa-ation with the Northern Dimension Partnership tion on the recent revision of the EUSBSR andin Public Health and Social Well-being (NDPHS) underlined that although the strategy had beenand a joint letter to the IMO with the demands devised within the EU, it could only be pursuedconcerning protection of the Baltic Sea and mod- in cooperation with external partners in the re-ernization of wastewater treatment capacity gion and acknowledged the role played by thethroughout the Baltic Sea Region. Participation Northern Dimension Partnership on Publicof the BSPC in Pan-European Dialogue in Cruise Health and Social Well-being as coordinator forTourism in Brussels and in the Baltic Sea Tourism health policy area within the EU Strategy.Forum were also reported.Ms Valentina Pivnenko, Member of Duma of theInformation on cooperation with the CBSS Russian Federation, acquainted the Conferencewas provided by both the outgoing chair of the with progress in development of the second re-CBSS, Mr Mälk, Ambassador of Estonia and gional strategy, namely the Strategy of Socio-Eco-by the incoming Chair, Mr Czyż, Ambassador nomic Development of the North-West Federalof Poland. Mr Mälk admitted that the main District. Ms Pivnenko admitted that the eco-task of the Estonian Presidency was to imple- nomic situation, especially in the North-Westernment new long term priorities, adopted by the district, has made it necessary to update the cur-CBSS Council in June 2014. It has been held rent goals. The main goals would be to achieve so-in a situation of changes occurring in the inter- cial stability and prosperity, to ensure competi-national climate - the first cancelled Prime tiveness of businesses and to keep an eye on theMinisters meeting in its history, no meeting of budget. The speaker touched upon the natural re-foreign ministers and abandoned project ideas. sources of the Arctic, a part of the North-WestThe speaker underlined however, that although District. The state saw the need to create infra-there had been a pause in a dialogue, there was structure to access these resources and a numbera continuation in the practical work of the of projects are being developed with foreign part-CBSS. The representative of the incoming Pol- ners. Ms Pivnenko also stressed the importance ofish CBSS Presidency, Mr Czyż expressed the the relationship with Europe which could be wit-opinion that BSPC as the vox populi of the re- nessed in many significant areas of cooperationgion, together with the CBSS, plays an essen- with the protection of the environment as one oftial role in defining and implementing a com- most promising fields of joint action of the EUmon vision of the region’s future. Mr Czyż fur- and Russia. Finally, Ms Pivnenko addressed thether stressed that although the Polish Presiden- role of Russia in the Ukraine by stressing the ef-cy comes in times of uncertainty for the region, forts of the Russian Federation to make the Agree-caused, for an instance, by the crisis in Ukraine, ment of Minsk reality.the usefulness of CBSS will become further ap-parent as an efficient platform for intergovern- Mr Harry Liiv, Chair of HELCOM, wanted tomental coordination. The Polish ambassador shed light on the progress of the HELCOM Balticsaw room for more regional coherence and syn- Sea Action Plan and its targets to reduce pollutionergy with the Northern Dimension, the EU and underwater noise. In his speech he mentionedStrategy for the Baltic Sea Region, the Nordic eutrophication as one of the largest problems in theCouncil of Ministers, Barents Euro Arctic Baltic Sea and hence, the focus of a large part of theCouncil, the Arctic Council and others, for in- work done by HELCOM. Other challenges thestance by establishing a structured dialogue. speaker referred to were marine litter, heavy metals,118 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceunderwater noise and port reception of sewage. A stem cells, laser technology and development ofnumber of measures, action plans and internation- safer and healthier foods. With the words of theiral laws were introduced to tackle these problems. Minister, the Lithuanian government has statedMr Liiv underlined that, for this to be successful, it that it is eager to cooperate on the internationalis important to exchange best practices amongst health plans and very willing to share its bestthe Baltic Sea countries. practices, for instance in the field of eHealth andantibiotics management.Ms Daria Akhutina from Baltic Sea NGO updat-ed the Conference with the results of the 13th Bal- In the following speech Mr Dmitry Kostennikov,tic Sea NGO Forum that took place in Tallinn on Vice Minister for Health of the Russian Federa-10-11 June 2014. Final Statement adopted by the tion stressed the importance of the cooperationForum consisting of 120 representatives of NGO with BSPC to maintain good neighbourly rela-organisations has been sent to the BSPC. tions and gave examples of many shared health-care problems that must be tackled in a combinedSession two Cross-border Cooperation in Health- effort. Infectious diseases such as HIV/Aids andcare was opened by Ms Rimantė Šalaševičiūtė – tuberculosis are the focus of the joint actions,Minister for Health of Lithuania. The Minister while the fight against tobacco and alcohol abuseinformed the delegates about the innovations in could become such in the future. Promoting athe healthcare sector in Lithuania. The Lithuani- healthy lifestyle was also mentioned as a subjectan government prioritises the acceleration of the worthy of cooperation. The speaker shared resultsdevelopment in innovative solutions for eHealth, of a recent ban on public smoking, including thethe development of university studies into bio- workplace, as well as the advertisement and openmedicine, bioinformatics and health informatics displays of tobacco products in Russia. Since theand also stroke diagnostics and treatment, infarc- beginning of this programme, the level of tobaccotion, traumatology, child health and oncology. use has dropped to 16-17 percent. Mr Kosten-Future investments (of approximately €600 mil- nikov pointed to the possibilities of the telemedi-lion), admitted Ms Šalaševičiūtė, will be dedicat- cine and e-Health, especially in sparsely populat-ed to, among other causes, smart specialisation of ed areas.nremmoproV-grubnelkceMgatdnaL:otohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 119In her address Ms Annette Widmann-Mauz, Par- portant tool with which the international com-liamentary State Secretary of the German Minis- munity should respond to all public healthtry for Health recalled main political and health threats. She reminded her audience that thechallenges of the Region - demographic change, framework is a legally binding document thatnon-communicable diseases such as cancer and entered into force in 2007 and that there is adiabetes as well as infectious diseases such as full commitment with 55 signatory parties inHIV/AIDS and especially tuberculosis. The the European region alone. “Health 2020” isspeaker praised the influence of Northern Di- the health policy framework for health andmension Partnership and Public Health and So- Well-being in Europe, highlighted by thecial Well-being (NDPHS) – currently chaired by speaker. The Framework, which has beenGermany - for its cross-border efforts in achieving adopted by all 53 member states in the Europe-high quality and for its cooperation with interna- an Area of the WHO, is a value based, ac-tional organisations such as the WHO, the Inter- tion-oriented framework and aims to improvenational Organisation for Migration and the In- health and diminish inequalities in health, ob-ternational Labour Organisation. Ms Wid- tain its goals with a whole-of-society and amann-Mauz underlined her belief in internation- whole-of-government approach. Another issueal cooperation and exchange, and the potential it touched upon by Ms Emiroglu was The Post-carries, for instance in drug and alcohol policy. 2015 Development Agenda to be discussed bythe United Nations in the autumn 2015. ThatThe representative of the WHO, Ms Nedret framework continues the world developmentEmiroglu outlined the subject of cross-border agenda beyond the millennium goals. Health iscooperation in health from the WHO perspec- one of them, and it is considered as a founda-tive. Particularly important matter that offers tion for development.itself for cross-border collaboration is healthsecurity. The international community has seen The last speaker of the second session, Mr Bomany threats recently, such as the Ebola and Könberg, Former Minister for Health of Swe-polio. Ms Emiroglu emphasised that the Inter- den, presented his report about health coopera-national Health Regulations are the most im- tion in Nordic countries. Mr Könberg’s worknremmoproV-grubnelkceMgatdnaL:otohP120 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencehas resulted in fourteen proposals, the most im- Dr Horst Klinkmann, President of BioCon Val-portant of which involves the growing antibiotic ley and Dr Jaanus Pikani, Vice President of Scan-resistance. Mr Könberg therefore recommended Balt in their speeches provided the participantsreducing the prescription to the level used in Es- with a wide range of good practice examples oftonia and Netherlands which are the countries cooperation in the health economy area.with the lowest use of antibiotics in Europe. An-other recommendations applied to patient mo- Dr Dennis Ostwald, CEO of WifOR pointedbility, cooperation on health technology, includ- out that accordingly to WifOR research, 11.1ing eHealth, and the development of a Nordic percent of Germany’s gross value-added comessearch tool called “My Patient”. The speaker from healthcare and healthcare forms 7.4 percentconcluded that of the fourteen proposals he of the overall German export. One million newmade in the report, five were treated during the jobs were created in this industry since 2008, notmeeting of the Nordic ministers in October counting the two million indirect jobs, and ten2014 and the timeframe for the achievability of million induced jobs. Besides jobs directly relatedthe recommendations in his report is five to ten to the healthcare sector, trade, medical sales andyears. real estate profit from the growing healthcare sec-tor, too. The speaker argued that the healthcareMr Günther Oettinger, European Commission- sector as very significant economically and health-er for Digital Economy and Society opened the care should be seen rather as the factor of eco-third session of the conference Health and Econ- nomic growth than necessary expenditure.omy – Paving the Way for Innovation in Social-and Health care „eHealth – the European Dimen- Ms Sylvia Bretschneider, President of the Landtagsion”. He began with a strong message to the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, opened the secondparticipants underlying that Europe consists of day of plenary sessions of the 24th Baltic Sea Par-more than just the European Union and that the liamentary Conference with a speech commemo-existence of regional networks such as the BSPC, rating the outbreak of the Second World War,comprised of new member states of the EU and which started on 1 September 1939. The horrorsimportant neighbouring countries, is beneficial of war still shock us to this day, she said. The endfor its citizens and the respective economies. Mr of the war did not automatically deliver freedom,Oettinger shared his view on the digital revolu- justice and self-determination to all, and it wastion through which the global community cur- clear that people still face challenges in society.rently lives, this is quickly shifting away from People must learn from their history and main-services only provided by the IT sector and tele- tain an awareness of the events of that war. Thecommunications, and is rapidly moving towards President then urged the representatives to seekthe digitalisation of the „real” economy, with answers and bear responsibility for the Well-beingonline media and autonomous driving. Health- of all citizens, and to uphold the memory of thosecare is currently going through similar digitalisa- who suffered then.tion, with mHealth, eHealth and digital opera-tion, explained the speaker. The Commissioner With a keynote speech „Demographic Chal-informed the Conference on the European lenges and Care” Ms Manuela Schwesig, Ger-Commission’s initiatives aiming at creating a man Federal Minister for Families, Senior Citi-European data security culture, such as Informa- zens, Women and Youth opened a discussion attion Secure Active Network, a single European the fourth session Sustainable and Accessible So-digital market and reliable and high-speed net- cial- and Healthcare – at the Crossroads of Health-work. care Provision, the Demographic Shift and Shrink-30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 121ing Budgets. The Minister focused on two im- At the 24th BSPC conference, the young genera-portant issues - demographic change and situa- tion also had a say on social and health care in thetion of young families. Closely connected to the Baltic Sea Region. Representatives of the BSPCfirst issue, from the minister’s viewpoint, is the Youth Forum Mr Maximilian Priebe and Ms Ma-current refugee crisis. The Minister claimed, dara Muizniece presented final key points of thethat the refugees must not be seen as a burden; Forum Resolution, among them labelling onthey can be a counter-effect to the steady ageing food products, a tax reduction on healthy foodof Germany. With regard to young families, and tax increase on unhealthy food.young people need support in taking the step toform a family, especially if they want to have a The last half an hour of the session has been ded-career and, perhaps, need to take care of sick rel- icated to the roundtable discussion of recognisedatives at the same time, underlined the Minister. BSR experts, who tackled such complex issues asAmong solutions implemented by the govern- self-responsibility, sharing results of studies onment Ms Schwesig mentioned “family working healthcare, providing healthy food for pupils athours” - paid leave for taking care of sick rela- schools, with an active participation of the audi-tives and reduced working hours for those pro- ence.viding healthcare to their relatives. Concluding,the Minister called for mutual intergenerational The 24th BSPC has been concluded by the unan-cooperation and support. imous agreement on the resolution and thechange in the Rules of Procedure. AdditionallyThe final report of the BSPC Working Group on the observer status was granted to the South-Innovation in Social and Healthcare was pre- East European Process. Mr Jānis Vucāns,sented by Ms Olaug Bollestad, Member of Par- Vice-President of the Baltic Assembly and In-liament of Norway and Chair of the Group. The coming Chair of the BSPC expressed great pride14 members, representatives of 9 countries, dur- at Latvia’s opportunity to host the Silver Jubileeing intense 2 year period took part in study vis- of the Conference, 25 years after the Iron Cur-its, working meetings and, also, have completed tain fell. He reminded the delegates of the mainso-called homework to gain more insight into goal as an elected representative: to keep up a di-demography, ethics and strategies for innovation alogue, to conduct an active peace policy, and toin the respective countries. The final report re- establish the Baltic Sea as a Sea of Peace.sulted in three sets of recommendations. Thefirst set concerns cross-border cooperation with-in healthcare. The second set of recommenda-tions surrounds health economy. The last set ofrecommendations is centered on sustainable andaccessible social- and healthcare. Among recom-mendations which have been included in the24th BSPC resolution there is the demand tostrengthen cooperation and use synergies withexisting strategies, institutions and organiza-tions, to exercise stronger prevention policy, andto improve healthcare accessibility. Finally, MsOllestad concluded that most importantly,health should be taken into account in all policyconsiderations.nremmoproV-grubnelkceMgatdnaL:otohP122 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference25th BSPC – 2016, Riga, LatviaThe 25th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference The Conference was opened by H.E. Mr Rai-took place in Riga, Latvia, 29-31 August 2016. monds Vējonis, President of the Republic of Lat-Around 200 delegates met at the University of via, and H.E. Ms Ināra Mūrniece, Speaker of theLatvia Academic Centre of Natural Sciences right Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. Mr Vējonisin the city centre of Riga with the aim to discuss pointed out the fact that 25 years ago fifty years ofthe topic of the conference High Quality Educa- the occupation of Latvia had come to an end. Hetion, and Labour – The Future of the Baltic Sea also expressed his strong conviction that duringRegion, and to pass a resolution on developing those years, joint effort has transferred the Balticthe Baltic Sea Region as a role model for future Sea region into an economically vibrant, securehigh quality education and labour. A special ses- and stable area, and one of the most dynamic, IT-sion on the second day commemorated the Silver and innovation-oriented regions of the world. InJubilee of the BSPC. her speech, Ms Mūrniece recalled the vision ofpeace shared by the founding fathers of the BalticThe BSPC Drafting Committee and the BSPC Sea regional cooperation. She confirmed that to-Standing Committee held their first sessions on day, when contemporary world is shattered bySunday, 28th August, in Saeima, the Parliament of crises and conflicts, their vision inspires eventhe Republic of Latvia. In the afternoon, a guided more than ever to build bridges and tear downtour of Rundāle Castle and the reception at it, walls.provided the participants with insight into thehistory and cultural wealth of Latvia. The first session of the conference “Cooperationin the Baltic Sea Region” was chaired by Prof. Dr30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 123Jānis Vucāns, President of the BSPC, and Mr social inclusion, despite its relatively small size.Franz Thönnes, Member of German Parliament. Mr Dombrovskis described current global andregional economic situation and mentionedIn his report, the BSPC Chair Mr Vucāns men- challenges such as, impact of the UK’s decisiontioned the most important BSPC activities which to leave the EU - and the uncertainty this cre-had been conducted during the past year. The ates, the crisis around Ukraine and refugeeBSPC has had a clear thematic focus, namely ed- flows. He underlined the importance of theucation, the labour market and labour mobility as agenda for jobs, growth and investment, intro-core issues of its work. Another issue listed by Mr duced by the European Commission the EUVucāns was the modernisation of social protec- Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region and the Com-tion systems. Additionally, a fruitful exchange of mission’s New Skills Agenda, in order to boostexperiences about the dealing with the refugee the cooperation and economic development ofcrisis, in the BSPC member countries took place. the region. In his final remark Mr DombrovskisAccording to the speaker, it did prove useful to encouraged the Baltic Sea states to use more ac-get an idea of how the situation is handled else- tively the European Investment Projects Portalwhere and to find inspiration for the dealing with and the European Investment Advisory Hubthe topic in parliaments and in international co- that are designed to help bring project managersoperation. Another issue of utmost importance and investors.for many other parliamentary conferences and as-semblies was: to undertake joint efforts against Ms Zanda Kalniņa-Lukaševica, Parliamentaryterrorism. Mr Vucāns emphasized the need to de- Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,fend both the security and the fundamental val- Latvia, referred to the importance of regionalues that make European societies strong - free- frameworks to keep a save, prosperous and con-dom, democracy and human rights. The BSPC nected region and the importance of strong net-chair reported also on the discussions with the working on expert level. Mr Michał Czyż, Am-National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus bassador of Poland and outgoing chair of thewith regard of granting the observer status to the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS), in-Belarusian Parliament by the BSPC, and an- formed the delegates about the latest activitiesnounced that the final decision on that issue will and achievements of the council. Mr Czyż be-be taken in 2017. gan his presentation by admitting that the Pol-ish CBSS presidency took place at difficultMr Valdis Dombrovskis, Vice-president of the times. The utmost concern was the situation inEuropean Commission, Vice-President for the Ukraine with its serious and long-lasting impli-Euro and Social Dialogue, also in charge of Fi- cations for the entire region. From the begin-nancial Stability, Financial Services and Capital ning, the main assumption of the Polish presi-Markets Union, outlined the role of the BSPC dency has been to secure and consolidate thein the European dimension. In his speech Mr high level of cooperation achieved so far in theDombrovskis referred to the prominent politi- region, and to establish possible abutments fa-cal scientist Francis Fukuyama – who in his cilitating the future progress. The three top pri-book ‘Political Order and Political Decay’ - has orities chosen by the presidency were Sustaina-created a motto around such a potential of the bility, Creativity and Safety. Amongst the activ-Baltic Sea Region Countries, which he calls ities mentioned by ambassador Czyż was the‘Getting to Denmark’. It has been a symbol of a adoption of the Declaration 2030, on the polit-well-governed, peaceful and prosperous place ical level. With regard to the priority Creativity,with low levels of corruption and a high level of Culture has been established as a driving force124 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencefor social and economic development in the re- she focused on concrete achievements, especiallygion. Under Safety Poland emphasised the im- in reducing inputs of excessive nutrients – nitro-portance of cooperation in the area of civil pro- gen and phosphorus - which are responsible fortection as a mean to strengthen resilience in the eutrophication and algal blooms. This year theBaltic Sea region towards major emergencies Baltic Sea coastal countries agreed and submittedand disasters. Mr Czyż pointed out the involve- a proposal to the International Maritime Organi-ment of the CBSS Secretariat in coordination zation, IMO, the global regulator of shipping, towith three EUSBSR Policy Areas and Horizon- designate the Baltic Sea as a NOx Emission Con-tal Actions. At the end of his presentation Mr trol Area (NECA). Another milestone in curbingCzyż reported on the highlight of the CBSS nutrient inputs is the ban to discharge untreatedPolish presidency, namely The Warsaw Declara- sewage from passenger ships in the Baltic Sea. Thetion which Deputy Foreign Ministers adopted Contracting Parties had finally fulfilled the for-on 8 June in Warsaw. The Declaration clearly mal conditions for the ban to be enforced and theconfirmed that the CBSS Member States, de- new regulations will take effect by 2021, at thespite all differences and difficulties, uphold their latest, for most of the IMO registered passengerregional commitments, have a strong feeling of vessels. Ms Stankiewicz admitted that the HEL-regional responsibility, and are ready to build a COM cooperation with IMO and industry stake-common future through joint actions. holders on the establishment of these special re-gimes for ships operating in the Baltic Sea is anMr Guðmundur Árni Stefánsson, Ambassador of example of a successful regional cooperationIceland, presented an update on the priorities of across sectors, the aim of which is the implemen-the Icelandic CBSS Presidency. He emphasized tation of the global regulations.the focus on the rights of children, promoting de-mocracy, equality and respect for human rights Following this, Ms Darja Akhutina, General Di-and gender equality. rector, and Ms Magda Leszczyna-Rzucidło, BSNGO Network 2016 Forum Coordinator, re-Ms Carola Veit, Vice-president of the BSPC, re- ported from the Baltic Sea NGO Forum andported on the governments’ responses to the last Network and spoke about its focus on peo-year’s resolution. 10 governments out of 19 re- ple-to-people cooperation and youth policy. Thesponded to the BSPC survey, 33% confirmed the Conference was informed that the 14th Baltic Seaimplementation of the BSPC resolution with re- NGO Forum took place in Gdansk, June 2016,gard to Cross-border Cooperation in Health at the European Solidarity Centre. The GdańskCare, 28 % to Sustainable, Accessible Social Care, Forum brought together over 150 representatives27 % to Health and Economy, and 12% to BSR of social organisations, the Council of the Balticcooperation. The results are promising and fur- Sea States, Union of the Baltic Cities and otherther investigation is worth continuing, concluded public authorities and officials from all elevenMs Veit. Baltic Sea countries. The general theme of the14th Baltic Sea NGO Forum was “Solidarity as aMs Monika Stankiewicz, Executive Secretary of new dimension in the Baltic Sea regional cooper-HELCOM, gave a report on the status of imple- ation”. Work of the participants of the 14th Balticmentation of HELCOM commitments to Sea Forum took different forms: plenary sessions,achieve healthy marine ecosystems. Ms Stankiew- panel discussions and workshops regarding theicz expressed her gratitude to the BSPC for its following thematic sessions: Culture and socialvery supportive role in the HELCOM work for innovation; Civic sector and social problems –the Baltic Sea marine environment. In her speech, self-independent youth and Migration processes30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 125Photos: Reinis Inkens, Ernests DinkaakniDstsenrE,sneknIsinieR:sotohP126 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencein Europe. All these topics were discussed in the Ms Līga Lejiņa, State Secretary of the Ministry oflight of social economy, as it is believed by the or- Education and Science, Latvia, presented lifelongganisers, that this is the key issue for the Baltic Sea guidance strategies and aspects of career manage-Region and whole modern Europe. ment skills. Then, Ms Jadwiga Parada, Director ofVocational and Continuing Education Depart-The first session ended by two speeches. Firstly, in ment from Ministry of National Education, Po-her adress Ms Maja Gojković, President of the land, informed on activities on vocational educa-Parliamentary Assembly of the Black Sea Eco- tion, on cooperation in higher education and onnomic Cooperation (PABSEC) and Speaker of cooperation with employers. Finally, Mr Poulthe National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia, Nielson, former EU Commissioner and Danishunderlined the importance of strengthening the cabinet minister, author of the strategic review ofregional dialogue as a means of promoting de- the Nordic labour market, which was publishedmocracy and the rule of law and the enhance- 14th July 2016, presented the outcome of his work.ment of economic cooperation, peace and stabil- He pointed out that apart from a number of differ-ity in the Black Sea Region and Europe at large. ences between the countries in the Nordic regionShe particularly noted that the parliamentary co- as regards the structure and policies of their labouroperation, development of bilateral contacts be- markets; generally, there is a core of common typestween national parliaments and closer interaction of employment, standards, and values which to-between regional and international parliamentary gether define the nature of working life and labourassemblies paves the way towards more efficient market policy in the Nordic countries, so that onepursuit of common goals. The PABSEC Presi- can speak of a “Nordic model”. The model, in fun-dent expressed confidence for strengthening the damental areas, is distinct from conditions in thecooperation between the two Assemblies and in- labour market in most other countries – both invited the BSPC to the 48th PABSEC General As- Europe and the rest of the world. Presented by Mrsembly to be held in Belgrade in November 2016. Nielson report assumes that the challenges and op-She was followed by Mr Vitaly Busko, Chairman portunities for identifying new ideas which couldof the Commission on International Affairs of the strengthen co-operation in the Nordic region inHouse of Representatives of the National Assem- the field of working life can be divided into fourbly of the Republic of Belarus. categories: 1) Substantive, common Nordic topics,2) Institutional topics in Nordic co-operation, 3)The second session, How to develop competitive- The Nordic labour market, and 4) the EU and Theness in the Baltic Sea Region by linking education Nordic region in the world. The report contains 14and the labour market, was chaired by Ms Dorota specific action-oriented proposals for improvingArciszewska-Mielewczyk, Member of Parliament Nordic co-operation in the field of working lifeof the Republic of Poland, and by Mr Pyry Niemi, over the next 5–10 years.Member of Parliament of Sweden.Next speakers, Mr Jan Guz, OPZZ President andThe speakers presented their views and statements the Co-president of the Baltic Sea Trade Unionon defining labour market needs, tools for fore- Network, reported from the regional union feder-casting trends in the labour market, vocational ation; Dr Martin Sauer, Baltic Sea Labour Forum,education, and cooperation in higher education highlighted the creation of sustainable regional la-and on corporate social responsibility for system- bour markets within the Baltic Sea Region; andatic and sustainable introduction of work-based Mr Vatanyar Yagiya, Professor of the Saint-Peters-learning. burg State University and Councellor of the Saint- Petersburg Legislative Assembly Chairman,30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 127stressed the leading role of the development of ed- in the region. The historic meeting held at Ronne-ucation in the Baltic Sea Region. by, Sweden, on 2 – 3 September 1990, was the firstsummit of political leaders around the Baltic SeaThe ceremonial session held in honour of the 25th since the World War II, where representatives ofanniversary of the BSPC was conducted as a several States could once more sit behind their ownroundtable discussion chaired and moderated by national flags. The BSPC, which had its first con-Ms Carola Veit, Vice-president of the BSPC and vention in January 1991, was among the very firstPresident of the Parliament of Hamburg . The dis- Baltic Sea cooperation forums to be established af-cussion circulated around the perspectives of “Bal- ter the end of the Cold War. It predated the found-tic Sea parliamentary cooperation: yesterday, to- ing of the CBSS. This, for Mr Velliste, has been aday, tomorrow”. symbolic landmark of democratic tradition.Mr Trivimi Velliste, former President of the BSPC In his speech, Mr Franz Thönnes - in his capacityand the Baltic Assembly, as well as former Minister as former BSPC President and since 19 years mem-of Foreign Affairs, Estonia, in his address went ber of the BSPC Standing Committee - congratu-back in time and recalled some of the origins of lated Latvia and Estonia on their 25th anniversaryparliamentary cooperation achievements. He un- of gaining independence. He referred to “yester-derlined the fact that for 25 years the BSPC has day“, highlighting the development of a commonfurthered co-operation and provided a useful fo- identity, the stabilization of democratic structuresrum for open debate and exchange of information and good neighbourhoods, and recapitulating thebetween Parliaments and other bodies of the Baltic first steps of the BSPC 1991 in Helsinki. He reit-Sea Region. This cooperation started due to a fun- erated, that the overall aim of the BSPC was todamental geopolitical change that had taken place strengthen regional identity, to initiate more pow-akniDstsenrE,sneknIsinieR:otohP128 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceerful political activities and to enhance interparlia- upon was the democratic participation of youth.mentary, intergovernmental, and inter civil societal She expressed the opinion that the fact manydialogue through close cooperation between na- young people are feeling more and more excludedtional and regional parliaments. He pointed out from the political sphere and are showing apathythat many achievements characteristic for the situ- towards democracy may form a dangerous trend ination of “today“ were the result of this dialogue. times of radical and extreme ideas on the rise. MsThe BSPC had proved to become a strong partner Abrahamsson concluded her speech, and the ses-with considerable influence. It initiated claims sion, by underlining her opinion that modern de-which were incorporated in the HELCOM Action mocracy can only be strengthened by greater youthPlan tackling the challenge of marine litter in the representation and inclusion.Baltic Sea. The “Clean Baltic Shipping” conceptwas another example to fight pollution. The La- The third session, Realising employment opportu-bour Forum brings together numerous employer nities – Improving labour mobility and combatingorganisation and trade union representatives to youth unemployment, was chaired by Mr Jörgenpromote labour mobility and fair labour condi- Petterson, Member of Parliament from Åland Is-tions in the Baltic Sea. Referring to “tomorrow“, lands, and Giedrė Purvaneckienė, the Vice Chairhe stressed the importance of further strengthen- of the Baltic Assambly and Member of Parliamenting cooperation in order to look for answers to in- of Lithuania.ternational challenges such as the refugee situationand the threat posed by terrorism. Cooperating in The speakers focused on labour mobility, includ-fields like youth and sustainable tourism were es- ing emigration/immigration aspects, urbanization,sential to create a solid regional identity, he said. trends, causes and solutions of youth unemploy-He concluded that as the region would constantly ment, support mechanisms – the Youth Guaranteeface new challenges, the BSPC needed to continu- (support in the framework of active labour marketously work on dialogue, compromise and cooper- policies, vocational education opportunities, meas-ation to face future challenges. ures to involve NEETs).Next, Ms Anna Abrahamsson, President of the Mr Jānis Reirs, Minister of Welfare, Latvia, sharedNordic Youth Council, reported on challenges experiences on the Baltic employment services andwhich youth faces today regarding education and on labour mobility issues in the region. Mr Reislabour and what solutions can be found for tomor- pointed out that Latvia has a successful cross-bor-row. Ms Abrahamsson stressed the topic serving as der cooperation experience in addressing employ-the theme for this conference: education and em- ment issues with its two Baltic neighbours – Lith-ployment, as for the youth, she said, education and uania and Estonia. For years, Baltic institutionsmeaningful occupation is one of the burning issues have been cooperating in the regular exchange ofof our time. The youth of today is more educated information on the labour market, mutual learn-than any generation before. Yet, she noticed, young ing, joint job fairs, cross-border branch organisa-people are concerned about the economic situa- tions’ cooperation workshops. Latvia has also sig-tion and the educational and job opportunities at nificantly benefited from drawing on the experi-hand. They have been hit harder by lack of jobs ence shared by the German employment service inthan the population overall and, for many, uncer- the framework of EURES. This successful cooper-tain careers are the new norm. How to bridge this ation among the Baltic employment services hasgap and provide more opportunities for all mem- been acknowledged at the European level, empha-bers of society, remains an important task for the sized the Minister. Turning to the domestic labourfuture, she concluded. Another issue she touched mobility issue, the speaker admitted that regional30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 129unemployment differences are more pronounced is also observed in Lithuania, where high-qualifiedin Latvia than, for example, in Lithuania or Esto- specialists or those that potentially may becomenia. In June this year, in the Rigaregion, unem- high-qualified specialists leave the country. There-ployment was only 5.3%, while in the Latgale re- fore, the Government is putting a lot of effort togion – as much as 18.0%. In this situation, the change the situation. A number of legislative actsstate must focus on promoting domestic labour have already been adopted, and the new Labourmobility. Therefore, in 2013, Latvia introduced a Code that will hopefully be adopted include: aregional mobility support programme. Another greater variety of employment contracts, greatermajor future challenge is a population decline in flexibility for work and life balance, simpler proce-Latvia. It is essential for Latvia to maintain a rela- dures of employment and dismissal of employees.tionship with each of its citizens, including those With regard to solutions to youth unemploymentwho have emigrated to other countries. Measures Ms Pabedinskiene presented the Lithuanian Youthto maintain the links with the diaspora can en- Guarantee Mechanism which was created aftercourage the expatriate population to return. At the careful identification of major youth unemploy-same time, their choice to come back will also de- ment problems: skills mismatch between labourpend on a range of socio-economic factors, such as market and education; lack of qualification andthe number of jobs. In conclusion, Mr Reirs point- work skills; discrepancy between labour supplyed out that if the countries of the Baltic Sea region and the expectations of youth; lack of measures forlearn from one another and share their experience, combining work, education and family life. Msit can make an invaluable contribution to a smart Minister concluded by the statement, that the pol-and well-thought-out long-term policy. iticians and decision makers must keep pace withthe changing world, provide timely professionalMs Algimanta Pabedinskiene, Minister of Social assistance, analyse individual needs and opportu-Security and Labour, Lithuania, presented aspects nities of each person.on labour force migration in Lithuania, measuresto reduce emigration and actions to fight youth More information on the situation in the labourunemployment. With regard to labour force mi- market was provided by Ms Anette Kramme, Par-gration, Ms Pabedinskiene presented the research liamentary State Secretary of the Labour and So-showing that labour force emigrating from Lithua- cial Affairs Ministry, Germany, who presented thenia is usually low-qualified or holds average quali- causes and trends of youth unemployment andfications. In parallel to the low-qualified labour support mechanisms for the integration of refugeesforce emigration, the so-called brain drain process in the labour market; Mr Thor Kleppen Sættem,akniDstsenrE,sneknIsinieR:otohP130 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceState Secretary of the Ministry of Labour and So- Resolution on cooperation, education and the la-cial Affairs, presented perspectives on youth em- bour market in the Baltic Sea Region.ployment promotion and on immigration in Nor-way, and Ms Egle Käärats, Deputy State Secretary The Conference unanimously appointed CarolaGeneral on Labour and Employment Policy, re- Veit from Hamburg as new BSPC President. Jör-ported on the situation in Estonia. gen Pettersson from the Åland Islands and Prof DrJānis Vucāns from Latvia were appointedDuring the next part of the session the Vice Chair- Vice-Chairmen of the Conference. The 25th BSPCman of the BSPC Working Group on Sustainable concluded by the presentation of the incomingTourism, Sara Kemetter from the Åland Islands President Carola Veit and a film impression of thepresented the Working Group’s Mid-way report Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg – the loca-to the conference participants. The group will tion of the next – 26th BSPC as well as closingelaborate its final report for the 26th BSPC in words of thanks by Prof Dr Jānis Vucāns.Hamburg. The parliamentarians were also updat-ed on new developments in the respective fields ofaction by: the BSPC Rapporteur on Cultural Af-fairs, Sonja Mandt from Norway, the BSPC Rap-porteur on Eutrophication, Saara-Sofia Sirén fromFinland, the BSPC Rapporteur on Trafficking inHuman Beings, Thomas Stritzl from Germanyand the BSPC Rapporteur on Integrated Mari-time Policy, Jörgen Pettersson from the Åland Is-lands.The Silver Jubilee edition of the Baltic Sea Parlia-mentary Conference was an overwhelming suc-cess, according to the conference participants. Itwas concluded with a unanimous adoption of theakniDstsenrE,sneknIsinieR:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 13126th BSPC – 2017, Hamburg, GermanyThe 26th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference The final report of the BSPC Working Group ontook place in Hamburg, Germany. Around 200 Sustainable Tourism was presented. Subsequent-delegates, experts and guests met in the historic ly, the participants launched a new BSPC Work-Town Hall of Hamburg. The aim of the confer- ing Group which would deal with Migrationence was to pass a resolution on the Baltic Sea and Integration.region as a role model for innovative science andsustainable tourism and to foster the participa- A tour through the German Electron Synchro-tion and cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. tron Research Center and a harbour boat tripprovided the participants with insight into theOn the first conference day, Ms Carola Veit, Pres- historical, economical and innovative character-ident of the Parliament of the Free and Hanseat- istics of Hamburg.ic City of Hamburg and President of the BSPC,opened the conference, and Mr Olaf Scholz, To Celebrate the Centenary of Finland’s inde-First Mayor of the Free and Hanseatic City of pendence, an exhibition was presented by theHamburg, welcomed the participants. Finnish delegation to the BSPC. “Finland 100thAnniversary Exhibition” was accessible for allThe following sessions focused on cooperation viewers of the Town Hall during the Conferencein the Baltic Sea region, on democratic partici- Days.pation and the digital age, on science and re-search and on sustainable tourism.132 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceCooperation Brings Prosperity to the to invest in the BSR cooperation, including thePeople of the Baltic Sea Region BSPC. Mr Hans Olsson, Chairman of the Com-mittee of Senior Officials and Ambassador ofMs Carola Veit, President of the BSPC while Sweden, revealed the main keywords of the up-opening the 26th Conference, stressed that the coming Swedish CBSS Presidency 2017-2018 –issues discussed had been carefully chosen. She “sustainability”, “continuity” and “adaptability”.stated that, “With our topics ‘Democracy’, ‘Sci-ence’ and ‘Sustainability’, I believe we have cho- The last part of the session was devoted to the re-sen forward-looking themes, which will deter- port on the implementation of the 25th BSPCmine the strength of our societies in the future”. Resolution, presented by Prof Jānis Vucāns,BSPC Vice-President and Vice-President of theThe first session “Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Baltic Assembly, and the speeches of the BSPCRegion” brought reports from the Council of Rapporteurs.the Baltic Sea States. Ambassador GuðmundurÁrni Stefánsson, representing the outgoing CBSS In their presentations, the BSPC Rapporteurs,Chair, referred to the meeting of the Ministers Jörgen Pettersson on Integrated Maritime Poli-of Foreign Affairs of the Baltic Sea region which cy, Sonja Mandt on Cultural Affairs and Franzhad taken place in Reykjavik and pointed out Thönnes on the Baltic Sea Labour Forum gave athat the Ministers of the Baltic Sea region coun- brief review of work results of the workingtries in the Declaration, which had been signed groups they had chaired.on that occasion, had expressed their willingnessyksnisoKfalO,snerhAennasuS:otohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 133Democratic Participation and the Digital Age Prof Jobst Fiedler, in his address “Democracy ata Cross-Road – Rebuilding Trust through Par-The second session brought a lively exchange of ticipation”, outlined a wide range of problemsdifferent views concerning the participation in contributing to the current crisis of trust anddecision-making processes, the role of digital confidence in liberal democracy – rising ine-participation and challenges that the develop- qualities and unequal opportunities, governancements of social media might cause. deficiencies, insufficient public sector perfor-mance and last but not least, a rise of new digitalThe session was chaired by Carola Veit, President communication technologies helping to mobi-of the BSPC, in the form of a round table dis- lise voters against “those at the top” and ena-cussion. Ms Veit, in her introductory remarks, bling new political populist entrepreneurs toraised a set of questions regarding democratic move to fill the representational void.participation. She pointed out that people hadapparently been losing faith in the way the soci- Among proposals put forth by Prof Fiedler toeties had been arranged. Even though participa- make democracies more resilient were more effi-tion in the polls had been on the rise recently, cient policies addressing the social inequalitiesand greater engagement from active civil society and anxieties, the job losses and social alienationcould be perceived, the participation and en- caused by immigration. He also noted that newgagement had shifted towards very local and forms of deliberate democracy, digital mobilisa-very personal issues. tion and the increasing amount of political com-munication on the social media platforms couldyksnisoKfalO,snerhAennasuS:otohP134 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencebe a way to complement and revitalise repre- tiative shaping public spaces in St Petersburg orsentative democracy by enlarging people’s inter- the initiative to protect Saint Isaac’s Cathedral.est and involvement in political decisions. On the other hand, he noted the abusive impactof information technologies – hacker attacks, al-Mr Alexander Shishlov, the Human Rights Om- ienation and distrust in the state. The reason forbudsman of Saint Petersburg, noted that for that might stem from so-called realpolitik ap-Russia, human rights institution had been rather plied not only on the national but also on the in-young – they had been in place for only 20 years ternational level.overall. In St Petersburg, they were just 10 yearsold. The Human Rights Ombudsman was inde- After the two keynote speeches, other expertspendent of the Federal Constitutional Law, and took part in the round table discussion. Thehe was not accountable to any state authorities speakers were: Mr Veiko Spolītis, Member of theand officials in exercising his mandate. The aim Latvian Parliament, Ms Valentina Pivnenko,of the Ombudsman Institute was to guarantee Member of the State Duma of the Russian Fed-that the rights and freedoms of human beings eration, Mr Espen Krogh, Nordic Council Youthwere protected. Mr Shishlov confirmed that President, and again Mr Alexander Shishlov,trust in the state institutions had declined – in Human Rights Ombudsman for Saint Peters-parliamentary elections in 2016, there had been burg, as well as Prof Jobst Fiedler, Hertie Schoola low turnout in St Petersburg (32 %). The rea- of Governance, Berlin. The main question of thesons for that, according to the speaker, were: dis- discussion, moderated by Ms Carola Veit, con-trust and disappointment in the efficacy of de- cerned the reasons for the decline in people’smocracy, lack of real political opposition, lack of trust in the democratic processes. The expertsreal debate in TV programmes, an unstable elec- presented diverse opinions, pointing out eco-toral system and use of administrative resources nomic problems and instability culminating into influence the results of the elections. Brexit, people’s interests being restricted to cer-tain issues rather than general questions. The ex-Nonetheless, Mr Shishlov praised the mecha- perts differed in their views on so-called deliber-nism of democratic participation in St Peters- ate democracy, along with legal measures imple-burg. He gave an example of a social media ini- mented by Baltic Sea States and recently by Ger-yksnisoKfalO,snerhAennasuS:otohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 135yksnisoKfalO,snerhAennasuS:sotohP136 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencemany aiming to bar hate speech. A few examples was between 30 and 65 %, depending on theof referendums were mentioned, such as one on country. If all agreed actions of the Baltic Seathe privatisation of the state energy company Action Plan would be taken, this would bringLatvenergo in 1990, another on Russian as the about increased human welfare and economicsecond language in Latvia in 2012 and a referen- benefits to citizens in the coastal countries, asdum in Crimea. evidenced in the State of the Baltic Sea report.Ms Stankiewicz underlined that total losses dueto eutrophication were estimated at 3.8–4.4 bil-lion euros annually for the Baltic Sea region. MsScience and Research as a Basis for Stankiewicz announced that HELCOM wasPolitical Decisions about to launch a regional consultation on the“State of the Baltic Sea” and that HELCOMThe session Science and Research, chaired by would like to hear the BSPC’s views in order toProf Jānis Vucāns, MP of Latvia, Vice-President improve the report. She expressed her hope thatof the BSPC and Vice-President of the Baltic As- the State of the Baltic Sea report could be usedsembly, and co-chaired by Prof Aadu Must, MP as widely as possible and that the BSPC politi-of Estonia, President of the Baltic Assembly, was cians could also find it useful for their work.an attempt to discuss the links between science,research and political decision-making process- Ambassador Maira Mora, Director General ofes. Another goal was to show the importance of the Permanent International Secretariat of theevidence-based research and the societal role of Council of the Baltic Sea States, recalled that di-science. Prof Jānis Vucāns emphasised that sci- alogue on science and research cooperation inence had become a critical tool to defend de- the CBSS had begun during the Latvian CBSSmocracy, and it was playing an important role in Presidency in 2007-2008 and been reconfirmedreversing the worrying trend towards a fact-free, in the Vilnius Declaration “A Vision for the Bal-post-truth world. Therefore, politicians needed tic Sea Region by 2020” adopted in 2010.support from scientists to take decisions based Thanks to the dedication of the CBSS Polishon sound knowledge and research. Chairmanship in 2015-2016, the first CBSSScience Ministerial Meeting had taken place inMs Monika Stankiewicz, HELCOM Executive the previous summer in Kraków. It had put intoSecretary, presented the main findings of the action the two working groups via the Baltic Sci-State of the Baltic Sea 2017 Report, monitoring ence Network and Baltic TRAM (Transnationalthe implementation of the Baltic Sea Action Research Access in the Macroregion), bothPlan. funded by the Interreg Baltic Sea Region Pro-gramme. During the Icelandic Presidency, theMs Stankiewicz pointed out the poor state of the Baltic Science Network had explored the exist-Baltic Sea. For instance, the Baltic Sea was still ing researcher mobility patterns of the macro-re-highly affected by eutrophication. Even though gion to reflect in depth which transnationallyphosphorus and nitrogen inputs – causing eu- coordinated steps should be taken to enhancetrophication – had been reduced significantly, the research potential. The current CBSS Swed-the Baltic Sea Action Plan had not yet been fully ish Chairmanship, in turn, would benefit fromimplemented. About 60 % of the agreed joint the first results delivered by the Baltic TRAMregional actions in the Plan had been carried partnership. Namely, the Baltic TRAM had pro-out. Regarding actions to be implemented on cessed the first business enquiries during thethe national level, the corresponding number open call offering free access to the state-of-the-30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 137art analytical research facilities across the Baltic nition at the bottom of the sea. Prof BathmannSea region. recommended implementing additional meas-ures and programmes to monitor the state of theProf Ulrich Bathmann from the Leibniz Institute Baltic Sea in order to provide answers to manyfor Baltic Sea Research noted in his speech a questions, some of which were presented in hisnumber of factors affecting the environment of speech.the Baltic Sea. The first referred to carbon dioxide(CO2). Prof Bathmann confirmed that the Mr Jari Haapala from the Finnish Meteorologicalamount of CO2 in the atmosphere was increas- Institute gave a presentation on the “Utility ofing. This meant that oceans would become more Regional Climate Models for the Baltic Sea Re-acidic as the pH of the oceans was decreasing gion”. He provided an overview of a number ofdue to the uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere. questions that the climatologists in the Baltic SeaThe second fact was that the temperature of region sought to answer. The speaker pointed outEarth was rising, and it would continue to rise. that climate change – as well as other anthropo-Accordingly, aside from many other aspects, sea genic and natural changes in the atmosphere, onwater would expand, raising the sea level. The land and in the sea – was exerting different pres-people around the Baltic Sea, i.e., 9 nations with sures on the natural and human-shaped environ-85 million inhabitants covering one tenth of the ment of the region. These pressures included re-area of Europe, would have to face that situa- gional warming, a declining sea ice cover, sea leveltion. Next, Prof Bathmann described a number rise, deoxygenation, acidification, changing pre-of areas in which human activity was exerting a cipitation and runoff patterns as well as a chang-particularly negative impact on the ecosystem, ing frequency of high impact events like stormsuch as: tourism accelerated by globalisation; surges, floods, drought and heat periods. Theplastic and especially microplastic waste – hard characterisation of these pressures as well as a syn-to detect and harmful to the environment; in- thesis of the state of scientific knowledge aboutcreasing ship traffic meaning a growing likeli- their causes and impacts had been a core goal ofhood of an accident and oil pollution; changing scientists operating within the networking organ-patterns of water exchange between the Baltic isation: Baltic Earth. Mr Haapala stated that theand the North Sea, i.e., anoxic areas in the Baltic environmental changes observed in the researchSea were getting larger while oxic periods were of the Baltic Earth network were often caused bygetting shorter; last but not least, WWII ammu- a mixture of factors, among them climate changeyksnisoKfalO,snerhAennasuS:otohP138 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceand its associated impacts, eutrophication, pollu- the Baltic Sea region, all of which had been in-tion, fisheries, land cover change and others. Each cluded in the 26th BSPC Conference Resolu-of these factors had a scientific and a societal di- tion. “We will use our work and the recommen-mension, which were often interdependent. That dations in order to make a contribution that willcomplexity made it difficult to identify a single or strengthen sustainable tourism in the whole Bal-even dominant factor responsible for the change. tic Sea region,” Ms Kemetter pointed out. Thecontribution made by the Baltic Sea Parliamen-Prof Dr Robert Feidenhans’l, Managing Director tary Youth Forum to the final recommendationsof the European XFEL, explained that his insti- on sustainable tourism were presented by twotute was the unique research facility for the larg- young delegates, Friederike Schick from Ham-est and most powerful X-ray laser in the world burg and Elias Lindström from the Åland Is-to be used by researchers from Europe and across lands. Improving education standards and rais-the world. The X-ray flashes were produced in ing the job status in tourism, switching to eco-underground tunnels, allowing scientists to map and agricultural tourism, strengthening sustain-the atomic details of viruses, film chemical reac- able transport and launching a Baltic Sea Sum-tions and study the processes in the interior of mer Ticket were just a few of the many ideas dis-planets. The facility had been officially inaugu- cussed by young people and politicians duringrated 2 days before the BSPC conference at an the meeting of the BSPC Working Group ininternational event, attended by Prof Dr Johan- Kiel. The final report of the Working Group onna Wanka, German Minister for Education and Sustainable Tourism had been published on theResearch. Professor Feidenhans’l underlined website and additionally distributed in a printthat the facility’s launch was the result of the version to the conference participants.great cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. Hefurther stressed that the involvement of young Mr Molstad, a journalist and advisor on sustaina-people was needed to develop and deepen this ble tourism to international institutions, con-cooperation in the future. The facility was in- fronted the listeners with fundamental questionstended to be a place in which young people regarding the future of sustainable tourism in acould meet and exchange their knowledge. world in which approx. 1.6 billion people weretravelling abroad for touristic reasons every year,in which social media were driving the travel in-dustry and changing the demand structure. MrTourism in the Age of Acceleration Molstad insisted that tourism needed to move toa low-carbon future by making the business caseThe second day of the conference in Hamburg for meeting targets grounded in climate science.began with a discussion about new prospects The speaker provided the participants with theand challenges for tourism in the Baltic Sea re- example of Norway which had launched agion and worldwide. The topic suited perfectly cross-sectoral Green Competitive Initiative as athe United Nations having declared the year direct result of the Paris Climate Accord. The In-2017 as the International Year of Sustainable itiative aimed to create sustainable travel and sus-Tourism for Development. The Vice Chair of tainable tourism in Norway by 2030. More posi-the BSPC Working Group on Sustainable Tour- tive examples of tourism industry efforts towardsism, Sara Kemetter from the Åland Islands, pre- sustainability came from Dr Monika Griefahn,sented the working group’s final report to the Chief Sustainability Officer at AIDA Cruises, Al-conference. The working group had developed exander Sirchenko, Vice Director General on theeleven recommendations to the governments of Development on Internal Tourism, TUI Russia,30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 139and Michael Otremba, Managing Director of Ms Maira Mora, the Director General of theHamburg Tourismus GmbH. CBSS Secretariat, announced the establishmentof a new ad hoc/expert Working Group on La-bour and Employment as a result of the meetingof labour ministers and their high-level repre-More Solidarity and More Collaboration sentatives from the Baltic Sea in Berlin on 15– The Only Solution to Cope with the June 2017. The topics to be addressed by theMigration Challenge. working group included labour mobility, demo-graphic challenges, youth employment and theWith a view to the next working group of the integration of migrants.BSPC which had been established by the26th BSPC, the conference also dealt with mi- In the following vivid debate, the parliamentari-gration and integration. ans emphasised that closer cooperation andmore action were required from the govern-Pedro Roque, President of the Parliamentary As- ments and international organisations, allowingsembly of the Mediterranean, expressed his con- the newly established BSPC Working Group onviction that migration was not going away, that Migration and Integration to serve as a greatit was not something that could be stopped but platform for cooperation with the CBSS oncould only be organised better. The population such an important topic.of Africa numbered about a billion people in thepresent day and would reach 2.3 billion by The conference was concluded with the unani-2050. Every day, 33,000 young people were en- mous adoption of the resolution, along withtering the saturated labour market in Africa. some changes in the rules of procedure as well asOnly 40 % of them would be lucky enough to agreeing on the Working Programme 2017-get a job. In this situation, he said, the only way 2018.to cope with that was close cooperation on theregional, European and global level. The new BSPC President Jörgen Pettersson in-vited the parliamentarians to the 27th BSPCIsabel Santos, Vice-President of OSCE PA and conference in Mariehamn on 26-28 Augustthe Vice-Chair of the OSCE PA ad hoc Com- 2018.mittee on Migration, called “For a Coherent,Shared and Responsible Governance of Migra-tion and Refugee Flows”. She underlined thatsome restrictive policies, sometimes hostile pub-lic and political attitudes, combined with con-tinuing arrivals and growing protection needs,were causing harm to families choosing the fast-est rather than the safest route, taking impossi-ble risks. They were resorting to using humantraffickers, facing exploitation and abuse. More-over, they had to suffer violence and were ex-posed to sickness, hunger and lack of care. Poli-ticians, she noted, needed to start having a dia-logue on what type of migration policy could bejointly developed in Europe.yksnisoKfalO,snerhAennasuS:otohP140 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference27th BSPC – 2018, Mariehamn, Åland IslandsThe 27th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference listing the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference,took place in Mariehamn, Åland Islands. Some HELCOM, the Council of the Baltic Sea States,170 delegates met in the Plenary Hall of the the Baltic Sea States Subregional Co-operationLagtinget, the Parliament of Åland. The aim of and the Union of the Baltic Cities as some ofthis year’s conference was to pass a resolution on many examples of networks operating in thecooperation, sustainability and smart energy in Baltic Sea region. He said, “Together we willthe Baltic Sea region. achieve the goals for a better environment. Butwe have to keep in mind: Structures and confer-The conference was opened by H.E. Mr Sauli Ni- ences don’t mean anything without concrete ac-inistö, President of the Republic of Finland. tion.”The President underlined the uniqueness of co- Ms Gun-Mari Lindholm, President of the Ålandsoperation among the countries around the Bal- Lagting, pointed out in her welcoming speechtic Sea, which throughout history – beginning that the Åland Islands were often called the is-with the Hanseatic League – had brought re- lands of peace. She noted that Åland had gainedmarkable benefits ftoor the peoples living there. its autonomy in 1921 by a decision of TheThe sea had connected them long before the League of Nations, providing the guarantee ofroad and railroad network. He pointed out that security in the region. She hoped the partici-there was probably no other region in the world pants would learn more about Åland and theirwith as dense a network of different regional co- autonomy, business life and everyday life. Sheoperation structures as around the Baltic Sea, highlighted the fact that the Baltic Sea separated30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 141yksnisoKfalO,kehcsteloRflaR:sotohP142 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencepeople but also united them, and that it was the grammatic concerns and contents. The threesame sea which would be passed on to the next strategic priorities of the BSPC’s 2017-2018generations. work programme – sustainable societies in theBaltic Sea region based on democratic values;Ms Paula Lehtomäki, State Secretary to the human rights and equal opportunities for all;Prime Minister of Finland, informed the partic- cooperation and integration for a secure andipants about the development of Finland’s strat- prosperous Baltic Sea area as well as migrationegy for the Baltic Sea region. She acknowledged and integration; finding solutions based on mu-that it was an interactive and inclusive process in tual information and best practices – had beenwhich the priorities were selected in light of the targeted in all activities throughout Åland’sviews expressed by stakeholders from NGOs, BSPC presidency. Jörgen Pettersson presented abusiness and academia. The new strategy had list of events and activities that had taken placebeen published in November 2017. Then the in the previous year and stressed that the attend-speaker drew the attention of the audience to ance at that impressive number of events servedthe preparation process of the White Paper on to convey the message on the importance of in-maritime policies, featuring key sustainable blue ternational parliamentary cooperation – espe-growth as the overall priority. The paper would cially during tense situations – and on the needalso address such issues as maritime logistics, for interparliamentary dialogue as well asmaritime cluster and blue economy, protection strengthening the influence of parliaments.of the ocean and the seas. She stated her strongbelief that strategies were useful because they The Standing Committee had decided that theboosted concrete actions and made them more President of the Conference at which the resolu-efficient. Strategies could clarify targets and pri- tion had been adopted would provide a reportoritise concrete actions, but most importantly, on the results of the governmental statements onthe preparation of the strategies brought people the resolution’s implementation and the evalua-together. That, she underlined, was the way to tion. Therefore, the report was presented by Msguide the action towards the common goal. Carola Veit, President of the Hamburg Parlia-ment and Vice-President of the BSPC. Thespeaker reminded her audience of the resolu-tion’s aim regarding strengthening the involve-Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region: ment of young people in all areas of society, in-The Best Way To Mutual Understanding cluding the BSPC’s willingness to continue thework on establishing a Baltic Sea Forum forMr Jörgen Pettersson, President of the BSPC, Young People. Those efforts had brought bothprovided the conference with the report on the the Nordic Council of Ministers and the CBSSBSPC’s activities throughout the previous year. to support the ReGeneration 2030 initiative. TheHe emphasised that the BSPC had visibly and, conference on the Åland Islands had brought to-in every respect, fulfilled its strategic objectives, gether young people from Denmark, Estonia,achieving significant progress. On the basis of the Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland,the BSPC programme and the BSPC resolution Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Swe-in the year 2017-2018, the BSPC had commu- den, Germany and Åland.nicated their principles and core messages at alarge number of Baltic Sea-relevant events and Regarding the thematic chapter of the precedingbeyond, had intensified the cooperation with its year’s resolution – “Democratic Participationregional partners and efficiently promoted pro- and the Digital Age” -, Ms Veit declared that30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 143many of those issues had been well covered by ments to be held accountable regarding thenumerous programmes and projects such as dig- BSPC’s resolutions.ital elections in Åland, a focus on digital literacy,the journalists’ ethnic ombudsman in Lithuania Mr Hans Olsson, Ambassador of Sweden andand the “Nationwide Education Network” in outgoing chair of the Council of the Baltic SeaPoland. Closer regional cooperation on digitisa- States (CBSS), reminded the conference that thetion had been a key priority for the Norwegian key priorities of the CBSS were Sustainability,Government during its Presidency of the Nordic Continuity and Adaptability. An important partCouncil of Ministers. of the Swedish presidency was the follow-up tothe Reykjavik Declaration from 2017. In this re-Turning to the assessment of the resolution spect, the task had been given to a group of in-chapter on “Sustainable Tourism”, Ms Veit dependent experts to elaborate a report withpointed out that the focus in this diverse section suggestions for the tasks and working methods– ranging from wastewater facilities to bike of the Council after 2020.routes – concerned national measures due tocertain international conventions to promote Ambassador Juris Bone, Chairman of the CBSSsustainable tourism. Committee of Senior Officials, pointed outthree priorities: integrity and societal security,Ms Veit underlined that thanks to the analysis dialogue and responsibility. He mentioned thatpresented in her report, the parliamentarians the Report of the CBSS Vision Group preparedhad been provided with the highest possible during the CBSS Swedish Presidency 2017-quality feedback for their further work, because, 2018 would be taken further and that an imple-as she stressed, only comprehensive and interdis- mentation plan would be elaborated. Youth in-ciplinary statements would allow the govern- volvement was also highlighted by the speaker.yksnisoKfalO,kehcsteloRflaR:otohP144 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceHe reported that the presidency had begun withan event connected to youth cooperation, the“Baltic International Summer School on MediaLiteracy and Democratic Processes” at theVidzeme University of Applied Sciences inValmiera in Latvia, as part of the framework ofthe CBSS Summer University. The ambassadorunderlined the unique role the CBSS had beenplaying in the Baltic Sea region and hoped forfurther close cooperation in changing condi-tions.The Conference had been provided with a briefreview of work results on areas of interest for the Briefings from BSPC RapporteursBSPC. Mr Hans Wallmark, Chairman of theBSPC Working Group on Migration and Inte- The BSPC Rapporteurs – Jörgen Pettersson andgration group, provided a mid-way report on Jochen Schulte on Integrated Maritime Policy,the group’s efforts, Ms Christina Gestrin present- Karin Gaardsted on Cultural Affairs, Sara Ke-ed information on the environmental coopera- metter on Sustainable Tourism, Pyry Niemi ontion in the Baltic Sea region, Mr Franz Thönnes Labour Market and Social Welfare, Saara-Sofiaand Ms Daria Akhutina gave a joint report on Sirén on HELCOM and on Eutrophication –the work of the CBSS/BSLF Coordination presented the results of the actions taken in theirGroup on Labour and Employment. respective fields.Mr Simon Holmström and Ms Hanna Salmén, Addresses by Roger Ryberg, Chairman of therepresentatives of the Youth Event “ReGenera- Baltic Sea States Subregional Co-operationtion 2030”, presented their manifesto and the (BSSSC), and by Ulla-Karin Nurm, Director ofresults of the summit, as mentioned by previous the Northern Dimension Partnership in Publicspeakers. Health and Social Well-Being, Prof Asaf Hajiev,yksnisoKfalO,kehcsteloRflaR:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 145Secretary General of the Parliamentary Assem- Kimmo Tiilikainen, Minister of the Environ-bly of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation ment, Energy and Housing of Finland, stressed(PABSEC), and Gun Rudquist, Head of Policy the priorities of the Finnish HELCOM Chair-at Baltic Eye, rounded out the first session. manship and the future of the Baltic Sea ActionPlan. The Minister referred to the HELCOMMinisterial Meeting in Brussels, in March 2018,at which the status of the implementation of theMore Action on the Vision of a Healthy Baltic Sea Action Plan had been reviewed. Un-Baltic Sea Urgently Needed fortunately, the meeting had come to the con-clusion that, although implementation was un-As stated in the introduction, the BSPC had derway, it had not progressed as swiftly as itsupported the Baltic Sea Action Plan of HEL- should have, and there was still a lot to do beforeCOM from the very beginning; however, three 2021, the deadline year for the Baltic Sea Actionyears before the end of the current Action Plan, Plan. The speaker also mentioned an example ofa good environmental status for the Baltic Sea good cooperation, namely the preparations tohad not yet been achieved. Therefore, more po- jointly address the International Maritime Or-litical pressure and more action was needed in ganisation (IMO) to declare the Baltic Sea a Ni-that respect. The speakers presented their views trogen Emission Control Area NECA; jointlyand statements on the Vision of a Healthy Baltic designating 12 % of the area of the Baltic Sea asSea. marine protected areas and the recent agreementof all Baltic Sea states on the description of nineKarmenu Vella, European Commissioner for the Ecologically or Biologically Significant AreasEnvironment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, (EBSAs).noted in his video message on the topic, “Pro-tecting our environment while maintaining our Camilla Gunell, Deputy Prime Minister of thecompetitiveness in regard to the UN 2030 goals Åland Islands and Minister for Trade, Environ-for our oceans and the Baltic Sea Action Plan” ment and Energy, informed the attendees aboutcalled for a more strategic approach which the sustainability strategy of the Åland Islands aswould focus on pulling resources, scaling up a best-practice example for the Baltic Sea region.projects and reaching critical mass. He empha- The strategy was a response by the Åland Islands’sised that there was a need to extend and society to the challenges of the climate changestrengthen the cross-sectorial, regional and in- and to the consequences of rising temperatures.terregional partnerships. In fulfilling these tasks, Ottilia Thoreson, Director of the WWF BalticEU funding could help. The speaker addressed Ecoregion Programme, highlighted the Balticthe issue of waste in the sea. He explained that Sea Scorecard and the need for stringent action.mapping litter sources in urban areas and at seawas the first step to reduce the amount of haz-ardous substances and plastic waste at sea. TheEuropean Union was working towards healthy, Sustainable Energy, Smart Energysafe and sustainable oceans. The EU’s long-stand- Distribution Platforms – The Future ofing objective was in line with the global sustain- the BSR?able development goals. However, he under-lined the importance of member states, regions, The discussion on “Sustainable Energy, Smartthe world of business and academia working to- Energy Distribution Platforms” was chaired bygether. Valentina Pivnenko, Member of the State Duma146 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceof the Russian Federation, and Karin Gaardsted, that political correctness should not deter themMember of Parliament from Denmark. Contri- from pointing out problems and disagreementsbutions were made about interesting pilot pro- since political organisations were forums to dis-jects in the Baltic Sea region regarding the next cuss political disagreements. For Kolbeinn Ót-generation of electrical grids. tarsson Proppé, member of parliament from Ice-land, history was not the most important aspectBerndt Schalin, Senior Advisor of the Govern- but rather the future. With all the problems theyment of Åland, explained a project aimed at re- were facing, what mattered was the commit-alizing a smart and flexible energy system, allow- ment and willingness of the participants to tack-ing novel energy markets and regulations to be le these issues. Jörgen Pettersson rounded outimplemented. Reinis Āboltiņš, Senior Adviser the discussion by noting that the participants ofon Energy from Latvia, described challenges to the BSPC came from extremely different back-sustainable energy in the Baltic Sea region. grounds; some had experienced democracy formany years while others were relatively new todemocracy, but all of them were the same kindsof people – people who wanted to be loved, toBSPC Delegates in a General Debate be respected, to feel safe; people who wanted atomorrow that was better than today. That, heAt the end of this 27th BSPC conference, a new pointed out, was the basic reason for the attend-format was introduced – a general debate ees having come together.without restrictions to the content so that every- At the end of this open forum, the resolution ofone could have the opportunity to contribute the 27th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencewhat was particularly close to his or her heart. was adopted, and the Strategy and Work Pro-Therefore, the topics were very diverse. For in- gramme 2018-2019 was released.stance, various positions on international rightsand the situation in Crimea were presented by According to the BSPC’s tradition, the incom-Atis Lejiņš from Latvia and Valentina Pivnenko ing President of the BSPC, Mr Jorodd Asphjell,from Russia. Britt Lundberg mentioned the took over the baton and invited all delegates toNordic Council’s international strategy to strive the 28th BSPC in Oslo.to ensure democracy, the rule of law, equalityand human rights. Referring to environmentalissues, she cited a low-key example from Copen-hagen called “the Green Kayak”, a concept offer-ing tourists and residents a free trip in kayaks inexchange for collecting waste from water surfac-es and sharing these experiences on social media.Annette Holmberg-Jansson, from the Åland Is-lands, considered it a very positive aspect of theBSPC that it allowed people from small placeslike Åland or from large countries such as Ger-many to realise that they were still facing thesame problems such as demographic change,i.e., society getting older. Carola Veit, referenc-ing some of the previous statements, stressedyksnisoKfalO,kehcsteloRflaR:sotohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 14728th BSPC – 2019, Oslo, NorwayOver 180 delegates from the Baltic Sea region’s and Responsibilities in the Baltic Sea Region”.parliaments and interregional organisations, 15 years later, that was still a burning issue, withguests and experts were welcomed by Mr Jorodd “clean oceans” one of the main topics of theAsphjell, President of the BSPC, and H.E. Tone present conference. President Trøen emphasisedWilhelmsen Trøen, President of the Storting, in that Norway remained strongly committed tothe Plenary Hall of the Norwegian parliament, the Paris Agreement and the UN sustainablethe Storting, on Monday morning on 26 August. goals with green solutions within shipping andthe maritime industry as an important contribu-In her opening address, President of the Storting tion to both of them. In the government’s oceanTrøen pointed out that “If we are to solve com- strategy, the acknowledgement of crossovermon, international challenges, we will need technology and expertise between the ocean in-more and closer international cooperation, not dustries as well as exploring new potential wasless. Climate change, migration and security is- playing an important role. The speaker notedsues know no borders. Regional stability and that Norway also had the ambitious goals of cut-friendly relations between our peoples are essen- ting CO2 emissions from domestic shippingtial for the wellbeing of our citizens.” She voiced and fishing by 50 % by 2030.her contentment over the BSPC conference be-ing hosted by Norway for the third time and re- Mr Audun Halvorsen, State Secretary of theminded the audience that the topic discussed Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway, present-during the 2004 BSPC conference had been ed “Framework conditions for cooperation in“Sustainable Development – Shared Concerns Northern Europe”. He stressed that the well-es-148 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencetablished and diverse network of cooperation Minister had established the High-Level Panelstructures was a strength. But it also represented for a Sustainable Ocean Economy in the previ-a challenge when it came to coordination, the ous year. The panel consisted of 14 serving headspotential for overlapping efforts and the need of state and government from ocean and coastalfor strong prioritisation. Therefore, he said that states representing all continents. With input“we need to make sure that our work within from experts, the private sector and civil society,these different fora is efficient, effective and that the panel would present a roadmap for action towe create synergies and avoid duplication the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon in June(...); such coordination is obviously a responsi- 2020. The speaker informed the delegates thatbility for the governments”. Mr Halvorsen high- in the upcoming October, Norway would hostlighted in the spirit of clear priorities the issue of the “Our Ocean Conference” in Oslo with thesafeguarding the oceans as a key priority area for aim to highlight the importance of knowledge asNorway both in a regional and global perspec- the basis of all actions and policies to achievetive but also as an example for the importance of sustainable economic growth. Finally, he under-regional and multilateral cooperation. He stated lined the importance of the interaction betweenthat the balance between harvesting from the practical, project-oriented cooperation and po-oceans and protecting them was even more im- litical dialogue. “Political dialogue has been andportant today – both in the Baltic Sea neigh- remains a core condition for agreeing on com-bourhood and globally. Therefore, multilateral mon objectives and priorities. At the same time,cooperation and international alliances were concrete cooperation projects facilitate politicalneeded to push the global community to take dialogue and mutual understanding,” stated theaction to ensure that the oceans would remain speaker.healthy and rich. That was why Norway’s PrimekehcsteloR-flaR:otohP30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 149Mr Jorodd Asphjell, President of the BSPC, not- chairmanship of the EU Council in environ-ed in his opening address that the historical con- mental affairs in the current year.text of the BSPC had been changing over time.These days, he pointed out, “we find ourselves in Summing up the Norwegian Presidency in thea situation of constructive collaboration in many BSPC, he said, “In the past year, the Baltic Seapolicy fields in which we can all only benefit Parliamentary Conference has visibly and infrom cross-border cooperation. However, at the every respect fulfilled its programmatic and stra-highest political level, we see rising tensions tegic objectives and achieved significant pro-worldwide.” Therefore, a discussion on how to gress: Based on our strategy and work pro-reduce tensions and how to stabilise and main- gramme 2018-2019 and our resolution,tain peace and prosperity was needed. Mr As-phjell welcomed the distinguished guests of the • we have communicated our principles and28th BSPC conference, among them the former core messages at many Baltics Sea-relevantEuropean Commissioner for Human Rights, events and beyond,the Ministers and the State Secretaries from the • we have intensified the cooperation withLabour Ministries of the CBSS countries, the our partners, andTransport Minister of Latvia, who presided over • our programmatic concerns and contentsthe Northern Dimension for Transport and are perceived more strongly.Logistics, and the State Secretary from the Finn-ish Ministry of the Environment, who was hold-ing both the Presidency of HELCOM and the We are becoming increasingly successful in in-iksawogoRsengA:otohP150 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencefluencing government action. Wherever possi- Assembly, noted that unemployment in Europeble, we have emphasised and strengthened the was historically low; nevertheless, the rapidlyparliamentary dimension of cooperation. I hope changing world of work had to be adapted andthat year after year, we will succeed better and innovated. He expressed his strong belief thatbetter for the people who elected us.” everybody’s living standards could be improved,provided that the governments together withThe opening was followed by three Monday ses- the social partners would invest in new and bet-sions. ter skills, higher qualifications and social servic-es. These investments could prevent a braindrain in the region.Baltic Cooperation – The InalienableValue of the RegionIntegrated Ocean ManagementCooperation in the Baltic Sea Region proved howintensely the BSPC was cooperating with im- The subject matter of the session, Safeguardingportant stakeholders in the BSR and beyond. the Oceans – Achieving the 2030 UN SustainableIncentive speeches for the debate on “Peaceful Development Goals, was a consequence of theand close neighbourliness as well as intense cooper- demands in the BSPC resolution in which theation based on democratic values, the rule of law, BSPC strongly called for immediate actions tohuman rights and equal opportunities for all” were achieve the UN Agenda 2030 goals and to real-given by: Mr Nils Muiznieks, former Council of ise the vision of a clean Baltic Sea free from ma-Europe’s Commissioner for Human Rights, rine litter. Another demand was to take urgentand Dr Alexander Graef from the Institute for efficient action on the worrying levels of plasticsPeace Research and Security Policy at the Uni- and micro-plastics in the seas; as well as to pre-versity of Hamburg (IFSH). Next, the repre- pare for and help shape the “Decade of Oceansentative of the outgoing CBSS Presidency, Am- Science for Sustainable Development” frombassador Juris Bone from Latvia, and Ms Ida Hei- 2021-2030 proclaimed by the United Nations.mann Larsen, Chair of the CBSS Committee of The chair of the session, Ms Valentina Pivnen-Senior Officials from Denmark, presented the ko from the Russian Duma, said: “These are am-priorities and activities of the CBSS presiden- bitious goals, but they are necessary if we wantcies. As per tradition, several interregional coop- to change the situation for the better and im-eration organisations presented their achieve- prove the state of heavily polluted seas.” The ses-ments and possibilities for further cooperation sion was a continuation of a very successful Jointin the Baltic Sea region. Meeting of the Standing Committees of theBSPC and the PABSEC on the topic “Safe-The session on the Future of Working Life wel- guarding our Oceans and Marine Life” in Istan-comed speeches by eminent experts, ministers and bul, in April 2019. The third session was an op-high representatives of Labour Ministers from portunity to exchange experiences and opinionsLatvia, Lithuania, Germany, Finland, Norway, by representatives from very different back-Poland and Russia who had held a back-to-back grounds among the speakers.CBSS meeting on that topic to the 28th BSPC.Mr Tālis Linkaits, Minister of Transport of theIn his opening address, the chair of the ses- Republic of Latvia, was sharing the views on be-sion, Prof Jānis Vucāns, President of the Baltic half of the Northern Dimension Partnership on30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 151hcirdeirFtigriB,iksawogoRsengA:otohP152 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceTraffic and Logistics because Latvia was chairing Mr Vidar Helgesen, Norway’s Special Envoy tothe partnership on a steering committee level in the High-Level Panel on Building a Sustainablethat year. One of the focus areas had been meet- Ocean Economy informed the conference abouting the need for reduction of greenhouse gases the activities of the High Level Panel comprisedthrough the promotion of ecologically friendly of heads of 14 states/governments and a grouptransport. In 2013, the partnership had taken of sherpas. The activities of the panel focussedinitiative on addressing the concerns on mari- on increasing the productivity of oceans (food,time pollution in the Baltic Sea, focussing on al- energy, minerals) and at the same time takingternative and more environmentally friendly fu- care of their protection. To achieve the SDGsels. The Northern Dimension Partnership had goals, humanity had to reach for such new re-joined forces with HELCOM as well as the Bal- sources in the oceans.tic Institute and the Baltic Sea Region pro-gramme InnoShip, arranging a first conference The BSPC Rapporteurs: Ms Saara-Sofiaon alternative fuels. The result of this conference Sirén, Rapporteur on Eutrophication and Mrhad been a roadmap for sustainable Baltic Sea Jörgen Pettersson, Rapporteur on Integratedshipping, currently adopted for the periods Maritime Policy informed the audience about2014-2016 and 2017-2025. The roadmap had the developments in the respective policy fields.featured clearly defined actions and was formingthe guidelines for both the industry and the Migration and Integration – A Challenge and ancountries surrounding the Baltic Sea. He ex- Opportunity for the Regionpressed his hope that the good results of the co-operation would contribute to the improvement The main topic on the last day of the conferenceof the environmental situation in the BSR. was migration and integration. The session onthat issue was chaired by Mr Pyry Niemi, MP,Ms Terhi Lehtonen, State Secretary of the Minis- Sweden and Ms Carola Veit, MP, President oftry of the Environment of Finland noted that the State Parliament of Hamburg.climate change affected all agendas, also the Bal-tic Sea agenda and cooperation. She announced A significant part of the session was given to thethat the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate speech by two representatives of the youngerChange (IPCC) would release a special report generation and the Baltic Sea Parliamentaryon the oceans and cryosphere. It was well known Youth Forum – Ms Rama Akid who introducedthat the Baltic Sea has warmed by about one de- herself as a refugee from Syria living in Germanygree and the impacts of change could already be and Ms Sara Zdanovska from Latvia. They re-experienced. Climate change was exerting extra ported on discussions during the Migration andpressure on the marine environment as water Integration Working Group in Schwerin inwas warming, ice was decreasing, precipitation April 2019 and presented the young people’spatterns were changing while oxygen depletion view on that issue. The youths had identified theand acidification were also progressing. All of following as the most important problems ofthis resulted in a shifting of species rages. Ms Le- immigrants: differences of culture and religion,htonen stated that “we need to ensure that we educational differences, the weather – an under-understand how climate change impacts on the estimated but important factor playing a role inmarine environment – and most importantly: the mental health of immigrants –, the languageThe updated Action Plan needs to take into ac- and different procedures in applying for a job.count these changes and still enable us to reach Among the wishes and recommendations to thea good environmental status. “ decision-makers were the citizens of countries30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 153being educated about newcomers and vice versa, the Region Skåne, the County Administrativedesegregation, political participation, involve- Board and the Skåne Association of Local Au-ment of youth councils and education. thorities. The responsibilities were shared by na-tional, regional, and local authorities togetherMr Hans Wallmark, MP, Chairman of the BSPC with civil society and academia. She stressed thatWorking Group on Migration and Integration a common strategy had to be translated intopresented the Second Interim Report of the concrete practice with different and comple-Working Group, which had been published on mentary roles. That method of work – a mul-the BSPC website. Mr Wallmark stated that “the ti-level platform, i.e., Partnership Skåne – hadchallenge is that every member country has its been partially transferred to large parts of Swe-own set of historical experiences, traditions and den, involving all of Sweden’s counties withpolitical culture. It is no secret that the member more than 150 municipalities, five universitiesstates of the BSPC have different approaches to and a large number of NGOs. In the next partmigration. What may work well in one country of the session, two BSPC reports were present-may not work at all in another. Sometimes, we ed, one by Ms Sara Kemetter, MP on Sustainablemight have to modify a policy to make it suc- Tourism, and by Mr Jörgen Pettersson, Vice-Pres-cessful in our own environment. The most im- ident of the BSPC, as well as Dr Thomas Et-portant aspect is that we are open-minded and zold on the Implementation of the 27th BSPCtry to learn from each other’s successes and mis- Resolution. Session four was concluded by thetakes. That is what Baltic Sea cooperation should general debate. There were no restrictions placedbe all about.” on the debate’s content, giving each parliamen-tarian and every participant the opportunity toMr Tuomas Martikainen, Director of the Migra- contribute what was particularly important totion Institute of Finland, presented some con- him/her, regardless of the conference topic.siderations and conclusions about the policy as-sessment and recommendations on the Baltic 28th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference Suc-Sea governments’ Immigration and Integration cessfully Concluded – Lithuania Takes over thePolicy. He proposed that the surveys gathered by Presidency of the BSPCother organizations (e.g., OECD, Migrant Inte-gration Policy Index (MIPEX), the Nordic Wel- Concluding the conference, the parliamentari-fare Centre and the International Organization ans unanimously passed a resolution coveringfor Migration (IOM)) could be combined in the cooperation in the Baltic Sea region, the futurefuture with the data collected by the BSPC of working life, safeguarding the oceans – achiev-members. This would assist the public policies’ ing the 2030 UN Sustainable Developmentrole in facilitating the desirable working condi- Goals – as well as migration and integration. Intions for NGOs and informal networks, thus their resolution, they called, among other points,strengthening immigrant integration. to strengthen trust among all Member States ofthe Council of Baltic Sea States (CBSS) throughThe next speakers, Ms Annika Annerby Jans- further concrete efforts and measures; to intensi-son, President Scania Regional Council, and Ms fy the early involvement of the next generationKatarina Carlzen shared the Skåne Multilevel and respect that generation’s concerns more in-Best Practice on Integration. In the case of tensively in policy and decision-making process-Skåne, the multi-level way of working had been es via concrete measures of the governments tothe key to success. Ms Jansson informed the au- reinforce the foundations of trust and security indience that a joint strategy had been designed by the Baltic Sea region as an element of foreign154 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencepolicy; to implement and exchange ideas on the The many discussions that took place in theministerial level as early as possible; to include Storting plenary hall, within the framework ofthe social partners’ current considerations and the cultural programme and especially duringstrategic approaches in meeting the considerable the evening to which the President of the Stort-challenges regarding the future of working life ing had invited the participants, helped to re-and to use the early exchange of such to deal duce existing tensions on some national levels,with these challenges in the individual countries to build new confidence, to deepen cooperationof the Baltic Sea region; to support the further and to decide on common, future-orienteddevelopment of a legally-binding, global- measures.ly-reaching mechanism for managing plasticwaste and to explore the possibility of a Baltic BSPC President Jorodd Asphjell closed theSea-wide agreement on the future management 28th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference inof migration. Oslo with “a thousand thanks” – “tusen takk” –to all participants.After the successful passing of the resolution, thebaton of the Presidency went to Lithuania as thehost of the 29th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Confer-ence. The conference unanimously appointedMr Valerijus Simulik, Member of the Lithuani-an Parliament, as the new BSPC President.Mr Jorodd Asphjell, Member of the NorwegianParliament and Mr Pyry Niemi, Member of theSwedish Parliament, were appointed Vice Presi-dents of the BSPC. The upcoming BSPC Presi-dent Valerijus Simulik invited the delegates toVilnius (August 22 until 25) and remarked thatafter 15 years, the BSPC would come back toLithuania. “During our Presidency, we want toplace a special emphasis on what is particularlyclose to our hearts: a boost to innovationthrough science and technology and their inter-action to achieve better added value in econom-ic development based on science”, he pointedout in his address as incoming President of theBSPC 2019-2020.The success of the 28th BSPC Conference wasnot only shown in the unanimous adoption of aresolution with far-reaching common objectivesbut also in the creation of a platform for thepresentation of sometimes very different posi-tions and proving that a compromise could bereached in a debate that was sometimes heatedat the beginning, but always conducted in a par-liamentary fashion.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 15529th BSPC – 2020, DigitalDue to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions The Digital 29th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Confer-and measures taken in all countries, it was not ence gathered delegates from all member parlia-possible to hold the 29th Annual Conference as ments and parliamentary organisations of theplanned in persona in Vilnius. Therefore, the BSPC. The representatives discussed topics such asStanding Committee of the BSPC had decided the environmental state of the Baltic Sea, migra-on 17 June 2019 to hold the 29th Annual Con- tion and integration, maritime policy and tourism;ference digitally on the initially scheduled date but the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic onbased on the far-advanced preparations and every aspect of cooperation in the Baltic Sea regionplanning by then. was a constant element of the discussion.156 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceoperation based on the rule of law and humanrights.Mr Virginijus Sinkevičius, European Commis-sioner for Environment, Oceans and Fisheries,expressed his strong belief that the cooperationbetween the countries of the region should bestrengthened to improve the environmental sit-uation of the Baltic Sea. He announced the or-On behalf of H. E. Mr. Gitanas Nausėda, Presi-dent of the Republic of Lithuania, Mr SigitasMitkus, adviser to the President on Foreign Pol-icy Issues, addressed over 150 participants of theConference. In his speech, he referred to the sit-uation in Belarus, expressing his support for theaspirations of the Belarusian people on their wayto freedom. He reminded the Conference that30 years earlier, the Baltic states had gained in-dependence and stressed that Lithuania, Latvia ganization of a summit meeting of ministers re-and Estonia were receiving significant support sponsible for the state of the environment in thefrom other countries. Speaking for the presi- Baltic Sea region.dent, Mr Mitkus pointed out at the end of hisspeech that he would like to believe in a free and Mr Valerijus Simulik, President of the Baltic Seademocratic Belarus. Parliamentary Conference, began his report onthe Lithuanian BSPC Presidency 2019-2020 byMr Viktoras Pranckietis, Speaker of the Seimas noting that the Lithuanian presidency and theof the Republic of Lithuania, in his speech em- activities of the BSPC had been overshadowedphasised the importance of cooperation in the since March by the COVID-19 pandemic alongBaltic Sea region to ensure sustainable develop- with the restrictions and measures associatedment in this region. He expressed his hope that with it in all their countries. Nevertheless, theythe region would remain an area of peaceful co- had succeeded in mainly realising the strategy30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 157and work programme that had been set out inAugust of the preceding year.Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region forSafe and Prosperous DevelopmentAfter the opening of the Conference, represent-atives of the incumbent, former and incomingCBSS Presidencies spoke about Vision 2030:Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region for Safe andProsperous Development: form of the CBSS. As a result of that meeting,the Bornholm Declaration had been adopted.Mr Neris Germanas, Vice-Minister of ForeignAffairs of the Republic of Lithuania, presented Mr Dag Wernø Holter, Senior Adviser, Nor-the four priorities of the Lithuanian Presidency: dic-Baltic Section, Ministry of Foreign Affairs ofthe Kingdom of Norway, confirmed that the in-green and maritime tourism as an importantsector in reviving the regional economy, increas- coming Norwegian presidency would continueing the region‘s visibility, giving employment to implement the CBSS reform and follow theopportunities to young people; civil protection Bornholm Declaration.in the region, strengthening resilience in the re-gion against major emergencies and disasters; Mr Pyry Niemi, Vice President of the BSPC whothe fight against human trafficking for labour was chairing the session, expressed his gratitudeexploitation in the region as well as the preven-tion of violence against children.Ambassador Ove Ullerup, representing the2019-2020 Danish Presidency of the Council ofBaltic Sea States, reported that on 19 May 2020,the Foreign Ministers of all 11 Member Statesand a high-level representative of the EU hadmet in a video conference. Mr Ullerup under-lined the extraordinary level of participation as astrong sign of the political support for the re-158 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceto the management of the CBSS Secretariat for teur on Sea-Dumped Munitions, Member oftheir excellent cooperation with the BSPC and the German Bundestag. All of them called foradded his best wishes to the outgoing Director even closer and more active cooperation in theseGeneral of the Secretariat, Ambassador Maira times of the coronavirus pandemic.Mora.“The overarching goal remains the best possibleprotection of the Baltic Sea,” said Svenja Schul-ze, Federal Minister for the Environment, Na-Safeguarding the Environment, Seas and ture Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Ger-Oceans for Future Generations many, in her video address introducing Germa-ny’s HELCOM Chairmanship, further addingthat all efforts should also consider aspects of“sustainability, relevance for the climate and bi-ological diversity, and suitability”. The Ministerfurther noted that Germany’s Chairmanshipwould also lead to the finalisation of the updateof the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) and its im-plementation as well as devote attention tostrengthening regional cooperation and oceangovernance. The Minister pointed out that sig-nificant improvements were needed regardingeutrophication and the conservation of marineThe second session, chaired by Ms Valentina Piv- biodiversity. This is why the German side wouldnenko, former BSPC President, dealt with the address this issue in detail at the HELCOMtopic of Safeguarding the Environment, Seas and Ministerial Meeting next year. Finally, on theOceans for Future Generations. topic of munitions in the sea, all Baltic Sea coun-tries had a shared responsibility. The minister’sThe speakers of that session were: Ms Svenja goal for this process was to lead to joint action.Schulze, Federal Minister for the Environment, She appreciated that the Baltic Sea parliamen-Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Ger- tarians had clearly signalled their support.many, HELCOM Chair, European CouncilPresidency; Mr Oleg Nilov, Member of the State Oleg Nilov noted that much discussion was de-Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian voted to climate change, global warming andFederation, and Mr Peter Stein, BSPC Rappor- carbon emissions. There was another area that30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 159was not talked about enough. This aspect was Liz Mattsson, Member of the Åland Parliament,forest fires. Forest fires were a major problem in emphasised that of a total 30,000 inhabitants ofRussia. As a matter of fact, it was one of the Åland, about 600 were farmers. With its rich ag-greatest issues, if not right at the top of the list of ricultural landscape, a well-developed food indus-environmental problems. The same was true ofthe United States, Brazil and many other coun-tries, such as Australia. Forest fires were not onlya disaster for these countries in themselves, butthey also proved disastrous for the environmentof the entire planet. That was because the fire’semissions were entering the atmosphere. Thespeaker pointed out that this was a massiveproblem and that the BSPC needed to discuss it.Peter Stein reported on the topic of sea-dumpedmunitions and their removal that many re-searchers, institutes, nationally and internation- try and small-scale production, Åland could be aally funded projects and private companies had good place for pilot projects in food productiondeveloped a high level of expertise and that sev- sustainability. The speaker gave examples of sever-eral companies were offering specialised solu- al projects currently being realised in her region.tions. However, despite existing knowledge anda general awareness of the dangers, no action The sea-dumped munition issue sparked a livelyhad been taken. The reasons for that could be discussion in which Mr Kacper Płażyński, MPcomplex, among them diverse responsibilities Poland, Mr Christian Juhl, MP Denmark, andand the high cost of potential action. He cau-tioned that this approach also meant having todeal with sunken ships and ghost nets in par-ticular. Mr Stein noted that he had been quiteshocked to hear that there were up to ten thou-sand ghost nets and sections of fishing nets sim-ply floating around the sea, causing negative im-pacts on the fauna. That was an adjacent prob-lem that had to be resolved along with thedumped ammunitions.160 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceMr Johannes Schraps, MP Germany, exchanged further explored, including the labour market,their views. language, social relationships, and cultural ac-commodation.Dmitry Demidenko, Deputy Head of the MainMigration and Integration: Finding Migration Department of the Ministry of Inter-Common Solutions Based on Mutual nal Affairs of the Russian Federation, broughtInformation and Best Practices the issue of migration during COVID-19 closerto the audience from a Russian perspective. HeCarola Veit, former BSPC President and Vice- outlined how the President of Russia had or-Chair of the BSPC WG on Migration and Inte- dered a comprehensive reform of migration re-gration, chaired the third session on Migration gimes and the institution of citizenship to beand Integration: Finding Common Solutions carried out. The rules for staying would be sim-Based on Mutual Information and Best Practices. plified and the conditions for compliance withthe law rendered clearer and more feasible. HeHans Wallmark, Chairman of the BSPC Work- reminded the delegates that Russia was one ofing Group on Migration and Integration, Swe- the centres of global migration flows and thatden, in his conclusion of the three-year work every year, 16-17 million foreign citizens wereunderlined that all members should continue to coming to the country, with the current year ac-disseminate and share best practices regarding, counting for about 10 million.for example, supporting the employment andintegration of certain groups of migrants. The Vladlena Avdeeva, representative of the NGOmultifaceted character of integration should be «Stellit», St Petersburg, spoke about the role of30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 161online technologies concerning migrant chil-dren in human trafficking. She pointed outthat the COVID-19 pandemic had increasedthe risks of children becoming victims of hu-man trafficking as they were spending moretime online with reduced adult supervision.The speaker added that digital technologieswere erasing the geographical distances be-tween the child and the perpetrator, thus im-proving children’s accessibility. On the otherhand, online technologies were playing an in-creasing role in the work of NGOs and govern- liament of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, onment organisations helping them to identify HELCOM and on Sustainable Tourism.vulnerable children, to monitor the conditionof the child after rehabilitation or in prevent- The Conference was also addressed by Mr Miec-ing children from falling victim to human traf- zysław Struk, President of the Baltic Sea Statesficking. Subregional Cooperation, BSSSC, Marshal ofIn the second part of the session, the reportsby the BSPC Rapporteurs were presented: MrJörgen Pettersson and Mr Jochen Schultethe Pomorskie Voivodeship, and by Mr Asaf Ha-jiyev, PABSEC Secretary General.on Integrated Maritime Policy, Ms BeateSchlupp, First Vice-President of the State Par-162 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceA New Working Group on Climate Change and After that, the BSPC delegates adopted the Res-Biodiversity olution of the 29th Baltic Sea ParliamentaryConference.The Conference approved the new BSPC WorkingGroup on Climate Change and Biodiversity with In his final remarks, outgoing BSPC PresidentMs Tenfjord-Toftby from the Swedish Parliament Valerijus Simulik expressed his great regret thatas the Chairwoman of the Working Group. A lot the Lithuanian Parliament had been forced toof preparatory work had been done before the cancel the 29th BSPC in Vilnius. Nevertheless,outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic; there- thanks to digital tools, it had proved possible tofore, during the digital Standing Committee organise the meetings of the Standing Commit-meeting in June 2020, an in-depth analysis and tee in May 2020 and the Drafting Committeea scope of work for the new BSPC Working on 20 July 2020 as well as finally the 29th BSPCGroup on Climate Change and Biodiversity had Conference. The President expressed his satisfac-been presented. tion with the constructive, albeit sometimesfierce, discussion and with the outcome of theThe 29th BSPC Resolution Was Adopted Conference which was the adoption of the Res-olution by all delegations.BSPC President Simulik thanked all the delega-tions for their constructive proposals and their Then the symbolic baton went to the incominghard work in the digital Drafting Committee BSPC President Pyry Niemi from the Swedishmeeting. He admitted that it had not been an Parliament, who presented the priorities of theeasy feat to find agreement but due to mutual Swedish Presidency and invited all delegates totolerance and the ability to compromise, they the 30th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference –had succeeded. Moreover, all delegates had prov- hopefully with everyone present – in Stockholmen that even online, they were able to bring such 2021.a difficult resolution to an excellent result - theunanimous agreement of the Drafting Commit-tee.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 16330#th BSPC – 2021, DigitalIntroduction other things economic growth, democratic de-velopment but also financial crises and backslid-BSPC President Pyry Niemi opened the 30th An- ing democracies. The present pandemic had un-niversary Conference of the BSPC. derlined the need for parliamentary coopera-tion, with the BSPC taking a lead in switchingDr Andreas Norlén, Speaker of the Swedish Riks- to digital conversation. For Dr Norlén, parlia-dag, delighted in 190 people from many parlia- mentary cooperation and democracy dovetailedments taking place in the conference, despite with Sweden celebrating the centennial of itsliving in interesting and challenging times. own democracy. By understanding history bet-Much had changed in the past 30 years, among ter, participation and trust in the democratic in-stitutions could be improved but should neverbe taken for granted. He also underlined theworth of intergenerational cooperation as pav-ing the road for the future. The Speaker empha-sised that democracy should and could never betaken for granted.Ms Ann Linde, Minister for Foreign Affairs ofSweden, noted that democratic institutions andparliamentary cooperation were vital in times of164 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencebacksliding democracies and human rights, es- mate change and biodiversity had taken up apecially considering how the COVID-19 pan- goodly share of the efforts, primarily throughdemic had affected the area around the Baltic the BSPC Working Group established on this is-Sea. Human rights and the rule of law were key sue. Another major pillar of the BSPC, the pres-goals of Sweden. The Drive for Democracy ini- ident explained, was its cooperation – not justtiative of Sweden had been providing a counter- among each other but also increasingly withnarrative to the erosion of democracy, highlight- other parliamentary organisations such as theing how democracy protected the people and PABSEC and the PAM. Moreover, involvinggave them a voice in their country’s develop- young people in decision-making was anotherment. The freedom of opinion and expression principal concern, which had led to the latestwere fundamental and had to be defended on all Baltic Sea Youth Forum held two days earlier.levels, much like activists for human rights. En- Cooperation across borders, across organisationsvironmental change also required international and across generations, in a familiar and friendlycooperation, such as the updated Baltic Sea Ac- atmosphere, was the foundation of the BSPC’stion Plan. success.President Niemi pointed out that the COV-ID-19 pandemic had not only affected theirprofessional work but also their private lives. First Session: Cooperation in the BalticNevertheless, he was glad that the BSPC had Sea Regionbeen able to continue its cooperation via digitalmeans and without suffering interruptions. He BSPC Vice-President Johannes Schraps chairedhighlighted democratic institutions, solid the first session, traditionally concerned with co-cross-border cooperation and environmental operation in the Baltic Sea region. Peaceful andand social sustainability as cornerstones of the reliable neighbourliness and intense cooperationBSPC. The president outlined several of the un-dertakings of the BSPC in the past year, such astwo seminars held online on important topics.Focus points of the parliamentarians’ discus-sions included democracy in a changing medialandscape; the COVID-19 pandemic with par-ticular regard to the situation and progress onvaccination but also how the disease had affect-ed youth employment; demographic changes,labour shortages and an ageing population. Cli-30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 165built on inclusive participation and trust in the protestors and increasing tension between neigh-democratic system were the goals of the BSPC. bours was deeply troubling. She called on Bela-Neighbouring nations sharing in these values rus to return to the rule of law and the values ofwas vital for cooperation and progress. democracy. Ms Søreide underlined again theneed to involve young people in decision-mak-Ms Ine Eriksen Søreide, Minister of Foreign Af- ing, like the Baltic Sea Youth Forum or the Nor-fairs, Norway, Norwegian Presidency 2021– wegian Youth Panel.2022 of the Council of the Baltic Sea States, un-derlined the great importance of interparlia- Mr Michael Roth, Member of Parliament andState Minister for Europe, German Presidency2022–2023 of the Council of the Baltic SeaStates, underlined their desire to reinforce coop-eration between governments, parliaments andcivil society. He highlighted three topics of ma-jor importance for Baltic cooperation: Europeangeneral values; the protection of climate and en-vironment; the youth. In terms of the BalticSea’s environmental status, Mr Roth pointed outthat sea-dumped ammunitions were a particularmentary cooperation. She saw such conferencesas checking the pulse of cooperation. Living in atime of major change and major challenges,global fault lines and rivalries were exacerbating,with added disruption brought about by theCOVID-19 pandemic. The situation in Afghan-istan was one example. The climate crisis wouldraise new and persistent migration challenges,she pointed out. The green agenda – such as theEuropean Green Deal – had to be seen as moreof an opportunity for growth and progress rath- danger but offered the opportunity for the Balticer than a burden. Democracy, human rights and Sea region to become a forerunner in cleaningrule of law had to be cornerstones of their activ- up the sea. In all these areas, the BSPC was aities, and learning from the past had to aid them fundamental partner.in countering negative trends through coopera-tion across borders. The Baltic Sea region, she Session chairman Schraps saw these contribu-underlined gladly, was a prosperous region, due tions as evidence of the BSPC having worked onin many respects to the region’s close coopera- the right issues in their recent work.tion. The minister further highlighted regionalidentity, conversation between the generationsand the fight against human trafficking. Balticcooperation was marked by its focus on practicalapproaches. With regard to Belarus as an observ-er state to the CBSS, the use of force against166 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceSecond Session: Democracy in a Changing tives beyond any administrative control. At theMedia Landscape same time, this had given rise to disinformation– especially in social media – as a threat to de-Pernilla Stålhammar of Sweden took over the mocracy. Media control – whether through sta-chair, noting the backsliding of democracies in tion ownership or availability to government ortheir region as well. Democracy was more than opposition – was another vital issue. However,free elections but also free expression of opinion fake news – as propaganda – was indeed ancient,only employing a new channel. New media pro-vided a tool that allowed both wider and morepersonal conversations. Ms Cederfelt raised thetopic of Belarus as the internet has given succourand aid to the opposition efforts as well as thepopulation at large. Greater media literacy wasnecessary to enable the people to better distin-guish between proper and fake news. To thatend, the speaker called for standards of report-ing to be applied both to traditional and newmedia. Freedom of speech and media was vital.and a vivid political opposition. Digitalisation Prof Dr Jeanette Hofmann, Weizenbaum Insti-had made the spread of information easier and tute Berlin, spoke about how digitalisation andfaster: On the one hand, this allowed greater co- democracy were connected as well as currentoperation and lowered entry barriers. On the tendencies regarding the regulation of plat-other hand, there was an increased risk for fake forms. Digitalisation was usually regarded as thenews and misinformation. Again, the COV- driver of democratic change as it was seen as theID-19 pandemic had reinforced both opportu- root of the decline of mass media, the rise ofnities and challenges. hate speech and fake news. In her view, that wasthe wrong point of view since digital media wereMs Margareta Cederfelt, President, Organization invented and used by human beings. Therefore,for Security and Co-operation in Europe Parlia- digitalisation and democracy should be seen asmentary Assembly (OSCE PA), highlighted the two entities shaping each other. Democraticdevelopment of media information – from the change concerned aging institutions – with de-9/11 attacks televised live over embedded jour- clining trust in e.g., political parties or voting –nalists reporting on the Iraq war to citizen jour- but also expanding and new institutions – as ev-nalists of today providing all kinds of perspec- idenced by people wanting to participate in new30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 167ways, through movements such as Fridays for the recurring forest and tundra fires in the Rus-Future, and political participation centred sian federation. In that respect, he called foraround issues rather than long-term structures. joint international standards to represent realityAnother fundamental change was the growing rather than applying double standards. Mr Nilovimportance of the public sphere and digital me- hoped that they could be more honest and lessdia, becoming more interactive, offering venues biased with each other. Especially, he wished tofor criticism and approval of government action avoid Russophobia and Russia-bashing.beyond elections every four years. A new phe-nomenon were so-called platform parties, often Mr Erik Halkjaer, President of the board of thespringing up quickly and without firm member- Swedish section of Reporters Without Borders,ship, that might offer new, experimental organi- said that democracy continued to be under at-sational structures without hierarchical struc- tack in most nations around the Baltic Sea. Jour-tures. Therefore, democratic change was also nalists were being killed, even in the Europeandriving digital development. These evolutions Union. Harassment and hate speech, both fromled Prof Hofmann to speak about the need for private but also official actors, were primarynew rules to regulate the digital space. Enforce- concerns. He cited the term of an “infodemic”ment was important, to make sure that illegal affecting the present situation much like thecontents were removed but also ensure transpar- COVID-19 pandemic. A “hurricane of disinfor-ency reporting not just about complaint man- mation” had descended not only on journalistsagement but also the explanation of algorithms but the entire population, making it more vitaland their functioning. Beyond these recent legal to see transparency of platform algorithms butmeasures, Prof Hofmann emphasises the impor- also an easier spread of verified journalistic re-tance of involving human rights. For example, ports rather than unverified sources. To thathuman rights could be extended to include dig- end, Reporters Without Borders had establishedital platforms. In addition, powerful rights to a tool for such verification – which in turn re-appeal should be established on digital plat- quired traditional media to be more transparentforms. Moreover, victims of defamation or hate in their methods and procedures as well. Disin-speech had to be provided with institutionalised formation was best fought by secure sources andsupport. by investment in trusted journalism. Mr Halk-jaer regretted that some countries in the regionMr Oleg Nilov, MP, State Duma, Russian Feder- were using methods to make journalism moreation, spoke about different perceptions of is- difficult, such as Russia which required reporterssues and/or people. He raised examples like Na- to register and was blocking sites. He insistedvalny being seen as a freedom fighter in Europe that such negative measures were sensitive andbut as a corrupt traitor within Russia but also preferred positive measures – the proverbial car-168 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencerot rather than the stick – to promote good jour- Assange and Mr Snowden victims of disinfor-nalism, rather than having to decide what was mation campaigns and that fake news should befake news and what was proper information. In opposed across the board.the same vein, he mentioned Belarus and its dis-information campaign against Lithuania. It wascrucial for journalism to verify sources frommore than one point of view. General Debate: Re-Starting After theCOVID-19 PandemicMs Cederfelt offered her agreement with severalof her preceding speakers, supporting calls for Chaired by Mr Arvils Ašeradens, MP of Latvia,transparency and safety of journalists. Regarding the general debate would deal with a great varie-the comments by Mr Nilov, she rebutted thatfor instance, the forest fires in Siberia were partof the international efforts to counter fire disas-ters all over the world and for another instancethat the Crimea situation was subject to interna-tional agreements which were unilaterally disre-garded by the Russian Federation.Prof Hofmann added that the news pipe ofyoung people had to be acknowledged as ameans of self-expression. User-generated con-tent was a difficult concept – the term itself wasinsufficient. Much as it could support democra- ty of topics, such as the pandemic and its effects,cy, it could equally erode it. The protection of the responses on the economic and governmen-human rights was vital as was the enforcement tal front. Mr Ašeradens explained the presentof laws against disinformation and hate speech. situation in the Baltic States which had had toIn her view, none of them was able to distin- deal with similar hard hits on economic sectorsguish truth and lies as the sole arbiter. These through the second lockdown. Support meas-were new issues that needed to be investigated ures had eased difficulties to some degree, alongin-depth so that regulation would not harm the with stimulus packages to revitalise the econo-freedom of expression. my. These had a particular focus on implement-ing a green approach.Mr Nilov addressed Mr Halkjaer, saying that heagreed with the opinion that bad examples were Mr Arnoldas Pranckevičius, Vice-Minister ofdangerous. He stated that such bad examples Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania, inwere originally used actively against Russia by his keynote speech referred to the just-finishedwestern media. Regarding Ukraine and Crimea, Lithuanian presidency of the CBSS. He sawhe proposed Kosovo as a precedence case, as- four lessons in the aftermath of the pandemic:signing criminal actions to the country. While The climate crisis had not disappeared but hadsuch actions should not happen anywhere, the become even more important. It had to be tack-reasons were to be found elsewhere. led by all nations so that a climate-neutral Eu-rope could indeed be achieved by 2050. The sec-Mr Halkjaer conceded that this was no Russian ond lesson was digitalisation, giving rise to theinvention. He agreed with Mr Nilov calling Mr phenomenon of the world being connected30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 169blooms with regularity. Previously establishedmeasures had already brought about some re-liefs, such as wastewater treatment plants or thebanning of cruise ship wastewater dumping.While phosphorus inflow had been curtailed tosome degree, much more could and had to bedone to reach a healthy state of the Baltic Sea.Increased joint efforts were needed as they owedthat to their children.more closely than ever before but at the same BSPC Vice-President Johannes Schraps of Ger-time individuals living in strictly separated many underlined Mr Valve’s contribution. Par-spheres or “tribes”. Bridges had to be forged be- liamentary pressure on governments was whattween these communities, along with cyber se- could assist in this effort. He equally underlinedcurity and data privacy. Migration represented the success of the BSPC as expression of Balticthe third lesson, as controlling migratory flows – cooperation. Yet huge challenges remained.such as streaming out of Afghanistan at the mo-ment – would be a major challenge of the21st century. Moreover, migration being used asan instrument by Belarus posed a new aspect ofthe issue. Joint measures and proper routes forasylum seekers were crucial. The fourth phe-nomenon he wished to underline was that therehad been a retreat of democracy in several areasaround the globe, including Europe, so that itwas necessary to speak more rather than lessabout human rights, rule of law and the sharedvalues.These could only be resolved through parlia-Mr Wille Valve of Aland pointed out that the mentary cooperation, not only with each otherBSPC on its 30-year anniversary had withstood but also with governments and civil society. Thethe test of time, evolving into a role model of Green New Deal of the EU was one example ofsorts for such parliamentary organisations. Yet a new joint effort to resolve modern problems,the environment of the Baltic Sea still required such as the environment. The old approachesattention as eutrophication led to toxic algal from before the pandemic should be refined intonew and different methods to tackle the presentchallenges.Mr S. Perminov agreed in cheering the 30-yearanniversary, adding that the present topic of op-posing the pandemic and paving the way outwas very much on the political mind of the Rus-sian Federation as well. He agreed that the BalticSea’s environmental condition was topmost onthe Russian agenda as well, pointing out a recent170 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceThird Session: Climate Change andBiodiversityValentina Pivnenko took the chair for the thirdsession. Conservation and climate change wasdominating the agenda of the conference, she un-derlined, and that was absolutely necessary. Muchhad been done to reduce phosphate and nutrientinflows promoting algal blooms as well as ban-measure to reduce nutrient input into the sea. ning wastewater dumping from ships and HEL-Regarding digitalisation, he joined the call for COM’s efforts in that regard. Fishing methodscommon rules and regulations. These would be-come even more important in the future, and heurged his listeners to view the future through apositive prism.Mr Jonas Faergeman, representative of the BalticSea Youth Forum, noted that young peopleviewed the climate as by far the most importanthad been upgraded to sustainable procedures. Inthe present session, many more approaches wouldbe explored. Still lacking was systemic researchacross borders as international cooperation wasnecessary in scientific efforts as well. Ms Pivnen-ko mentioned the development of environmen-tally friendly packaging materials.issue of the area. For the past six decades or so, Considering the interconnections between cli-there had been resistance to enacting measures mate change and biodiversity, Minister Svenjaagainst climate change. Yet during the COVID Schulze, Federal Minister for the Environment,crisis, measures had been put into place extreme- Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Ger-ly quickly, and Mr Faergeman hoped that simi-larly fast and competent action would be takenon other urgent issues as well, especially climatechange.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 171many, noted that marine ecosystems were affect- but also projects to roll back damages. For theed by climate change but could at the same time success of such projects, local support was re-act against it. The potential and role of such blue quired as much as ample financial support to en-carbon was to be explored at a HELCOM work- sure the project’s long-term sustainability. Msshop in November. Nevertheless, addressing cli- Tenfjord-Toftby highlighted ElectriVillage, amate change had to go beyond these measures small Swedish community’s successful effort toand had to rely on sharply reducing carbon create an interconnected, sustainable society,emissions, both globally and around the Baltic but also Living Coast, a project that had cleanedSea. Furthermore, the minister emphasised an up a Swedish bay to an impressive degree. Withextension of the network of marine protected ar- the working group’s tenure extended to threeeas which, in German waters, also were to be- years, not least due to the effects of the COV-come no-take zones. Not only were the protect- ID-19 pandemic, even more extensive explora-ed areas calling for transboundary support but tions of the topic at hand were likely. The chair-the entire endeavour, as evidenced by the ambi- woman further underlined the importance oftious HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan which involving young people in the work not only ofwould require cross-party political support from the working group but also the BSPC in general.the Baltic Sea area to succeed. She pointed out that the group’s first interim re-port was currently available on the BSPC web-Ms Cecilie Tenfjord-Toftby, MP, Chair of the site, providing an in-depth overview of theBSPC Working Group on Climate Change and working group’s efforts as well as the instructiveBiodiversity, outlined the background and goals expert presentations.of the working group. There had been countlessexamples of extreme weather all around the Mr Anders Mankler, State Secretary to the Min-world in the past summer, showing that climate ister for Environment and Climate, Sweden,change was an ongoing process people had to noted the IPCC’s recent report about the impactadapt to. Cross-party support in mitigation of climate change, such as the ocean. Combat-measures was necessary from all countries ing this was a major priority for Sweden sincearound the Baltic Sea. By acquiring expert the climate of the future depended on the deci-knowledge and studying each other, the work- sions of today, as Mr Mankler quoted from theing group would contribute significantly to IPCC report. Efforts for a healthy climate wentthese efforts as well as preserving biodiversity. hand-in-hand with efforts for a healthy ocean.Closer cooperation in the field and parliamenta- Cooperation around the Baltic Sea was neces-ry support was one of the goals. In digital-only sary because that was not only their shared seameetings, they had learned instructive informa- but also their shared responsibility. He high-tion about the extent of climate change’s impact lighted the necessity of an extended network of172 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencemarine protected areas that had to be secured. learn. He also addressed a recent meeting on sea-Mr Mankler insisted that an ecosystems-based dumped ammunitions – a particular topic of in-approach had to be established for fishing, tak- terest to the BSPC -, noting how vital it was toing into account the various interactions sur- remove these from the Baltic Sea. Serious tech-rounding it. The inflows of phosphorus and ni- nological progress was still necessary for these ef-trogen into the sea had to be further reduced. forts, as well as support from all around the Bal-The State Secretary underlined their coopera- tic Sea.tion with HELCOM as well as the EU. But sci-ence was a crucial basis for these efforts, and he Representing the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Youthemphasised the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. Forum 2021, Mr Liviu Pintilie, a Romanian res-All relevant stakeholders – including businesses, ident in Estonia, began talking about the inter-science and youth – had to be brought together esting discussions on the forum’s recommenda-in these efforts to fulfil their ambitions for miti- tions. Their conclusions had been to go for prac-gation and adaptations. Action had to take place tical and strong phrasing. He hoped for similarnow. events to be organised in the future. The firstMr Erwin Sellering, Chairman of the ExecutiveBoard of the Foundation for Climate and Envi-ronmental Protection and former Prime Minis-ter of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, also placedclimate change and biodiversity at the heart ofthis conference. The foundation he representedwas intended to have the measures implementedon the governmental level be reflected by a pri-vate, independent institution to appeal to andinform civil society. The foundation further as-sisted small-scale initiatives in climate changeand the environment in meeting their goals as recommendation concerned innovation in thewell as cooperating with larger organisations. regard of which the Youth Forum 2021 calledThis had to happen under strict rules to fill gaps for nature-friendly farming and less hazardouswhere there was no state funding available. Re- alternatives to synthetic pesticides and fertilisers;garding the foundation’s own projects, Mr Sell- sustainable innovation in green energy andering mentioned climate change information in transportation, all in relation to scientific re-day-care centres. As an example, they wished to search. For the circular economy, fishing had tofund day-care centres to be able to climb trees to be improved while they also called for re-usedmaterials to be usedin building under-takings. Ms KamilaCiok of Poland tookover in the pres-entation, askingeach to picture theirown relationship tonature to under-stand which efforts30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 173were needed. New multinational organisations of greenhouse gas emissions and the local car-had to be reinforced across all economic systems bon sequestration test site. In that respect, aaround the Baltic Sea in their efforts to mitigate problem was how to quantify the anthropo-climate change. She insisted it was about mov- genic greenhouse gases as well as their seques-ing forward rather than pointing fingers. tration. He mentioned that there were two car-bon test sites in the Kaliningrad region, one onMs Liz Mattsson, MP, Åland Islands, Vice-Chair land, one in the sea. The former was locatedof the BSPC Working Group on Climate within a peat bog the natural ecosystem ofChange and Biodiversity, noted that her home which was to be re-established. The offshorewas located in the middle of the Baltic Sea, sur- lay just before Kaliningrad, with a high an-rounded by waters. Temperatures had been unu- thropogenic load as well as, resultingly, un-sually high in recent years, registering two ma- precedentedly high levels of eutrophication. Arine heatwaves. One of those had been the high- primary reason were bottom sediments satu-est since the registry had started. Fish stocks had rated with greenhouse hydrocarbon gases,been deeply affected. She pointed out that food mainly methane, one of the largest distribu-production was a primary industry of Åland, tions in the Baltic Sea area. The work done atthus immediately reflecting the effects of climate both sites would feed into the national Russianchange. Implementing circular efforts, reducing strategy for sequestration of carbon emissions.emissions and influx of nutrients into the Baltic Once again, Dr Sivkov emphasised the needSea were some good examples of joint efforts. for precise numbers in quantifying theAlthough anecdotal, local observations reported amounts of carbon absorbed. Various fields ofvisibly improved waters. Yet the recent IPCC re- science, like meteorology, oceanography, ma-port as well as the information gathered by the chine learning and so on, had to be combinedBSPC Working Group on Climate Change and in these efforts.Biodiversity were alarming, underlining that ef-forts had to be made by every single one to sup- Mr Sergey Perminov thanked Mr Sellering andport mitigation efforts. his foundation for their efforts, noting that his sidehad been working together with Mecklenburg-Vor-Dr Vadim V. Sivkov, Director of the Atlantic pommern in approaches such as re-establishing fishBranch of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanolo- stocks. He added that the Russian energy industrygy of the Russian Academy of Science and the was among the top five among carbon mitigationFederal State Budgetary Institution of Science, measures. The Russian Federation’s goal, though,Kaliningrad region, spoke about the problem was to improve their ranking in this regard.174 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary ConferenceMs Ulrike Sparr of Hamburg wondered how bog Ceremonial Session in Honour of theor moor structures could be maintained in hot 30th BSPCChairpersons Carola Veit of Hamburg and Jör-gen Pettersson of Åland – both former presi-dents of the BSPC – looked back at the history,pointing out that the organisation had neversummers but also whether fossil fuels should beabandoned entirely.Mr Perminov replied that the environmentallaws concerning swamplands in Russia wereamong the strictest in the world, to ensure theircontinued existence. As for sustainable or fossilfuels, he noted that alternative fuels still har-boured their own dangers, e.g., in recycling.Furthermore, the power grids still had to be up-graded sufficiently. That was the future, he in-sisted, but they were not in a situation wherethey could replace fossil fuels entirely in thepresent month.Mr Jonas Faergeman insisted that it was onlylack of will preventing a changeover from fossil missed an appointed meeting. Both Ms Veit andto sustainable fuels. Mr Pettersson highlighted the familiar and fa-milial atmosphere of the BSPC. The latter addedMr Anders Mankler underlined that conserva- that while digital means might not offer thetion efforts had to be strengthened. Natural same personal contact but they did allow him tomethods were in the focus of such efforts. He attend the conference despite being literally onadded that climate change mitigation needed to the move. Mr Pettersson noted that the BSPCthe backbone of the ongoing recovery from the derived their recommendations for governmentsCOVID-19 pandemic. from discussions with experts from science,business and civil society – forming what couldbe called a think tank for the Baltic Sea. Theirsimilar background from the parliaments aroundthe Baltic Sea fuelled the BSPC’s efforts, stand-ing for democracy and parliamentary representa-tion.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 175Prof Jānis Vucāns had not only been president of her home country changing from the Soviet Un-the BSPC but also twice of the Baltic Assembly. ion into the Russian Federation of today. TheThere had been many political changes in 1991 EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea and the Russianso that there were several 30-year anniversaries Strategy for the Northwestern Region were com-in the current year, including the Baltic Assem- plementary approaches, she explained, and theybly. The BSPC had originally been a forum for had collaborated in protecting not only their en-parliamentarians, to raise the awareness of issues vironment but also the prosperity of the people.affecting the Baltic Sea region but also enhanc- Despite having misunderstandings of one sortor another, she marvelled that they had beenable to keep listening to each other throughoutsuch situations. Ms Pivnenko conceded that re-lations between the EU countries and the Rus-sian Federation had deteriorated since 2014 overthe issue of Crimea, further explaining her viewof the interaction and the application of democ-racy. Nevertheless, Ms Pivnenko underlined thatthey were all tied together and thus doomed topeace and working together. When confrontingsimilar problems, cooperation was the logicalavenue, as evidenced by the BSPC establishinging the visibility of the Baltic Sea region and its ties to the PABSEC and the PAM. She hopedissues in a wider European context. As much as for their friendly work to continue, even whenevery parliamentarian represented their home they differed in their opinions.country, joining together in the BSPC cruciallyrepresented seeking mutual progress through Another previous BSPC president, Mr Franzcooperation. With regard to the issue of climate Thönnes of Germany had been instrumental inchange, Prof Vucāns called for more research be- implementing the Baltic Sea Labour Forum andcause science provided the foundation for any was still active in that capacity. Mr Thönnes not-actions. ed that the just-mentioned Labour Forum wascelebrating its ten-year anniversary, aside fromFormer president Ms Valentina Pivnenko of Ka- the 30 years of the BSPC. After 30 years of po-relia, Russian Federation, voiced her gratitude litical agreement and disagreement, they wereover having been able to work together for such still together, working towards a good and pros-a long time in a friendly atmosphere. There had perous future of the Baltic Sea region. Mutualbeen so many changes since 1991, not least in conversation was what had kept the BSPC to-176 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencegether. Belarus was an example of this process as Turning from a view towards the past over to thethe BSPC had discussed the sustainability of future, Mr Jonas Færgeman of Denmark spokeprogress with Belarusian parliamentarians re- as representative of the Baltic Sea Parliamentarygarding the nation joining the BSPC. As a result Youth Forum 2021. In addition to what the oth-of those conversations, the BSPC had decided er representatives had already explained, Mragainst accepting Belarus as part of their num-ber. Mr Thönnes further pointed out that theBSPC had been among the first to mention thetopic of environmental protection and pursuingmeasures to relieve the burdens suffered by theBaltic Sea. Labour market issues discussed in theBSPC led to the creation of the Baltic Sea La-bour Forum as well as many other endeavoursimproving the situation of e.g., young peoplecrossing borders to work. All of those positiveexamples proved to Mr Thönnes that parliamen-tarians were able to effect real and positivechange. That could give them strength for the Færgeman stated that social media had been afuture. That could give them the strength to take topic discussed at the forum. He disagreed withthe resolution of the conference back home to the way social media had been presented as hetheir parliaments and working to fill it with life. saw it as interpreted solely in regard to politi-cians talking to each other or as a tool. He nextMs Christina Gestrin addressed the compartmentalisation of socialhad been president of media communities, harkening back to thethe BSPC on three “tribalism” mentioned earlier, which he saw as adifferent occasions problem for politicians who might misunder-until the end of her stand their audience. Mr Færgeman went on toparliamentary term in criticise the general way in which politicians2015. She pointed were permitting young people to speak in a lim-out the working ited framework. As for the main concern ofgroups established to young people, he said that it dealt with the envi-resolve issues of com- ronment and that politicians should fulfil themon concern for the promises that had been made to young peopleBaltic Sea countries, since before Mr Færgeman had been born.many of which re-mained topical untiltoday. Patience andlong-term visions were crucial for the work ofthe BSPC. Ms Gestrin believed that it was vitalto get to know and understand each other. Cit-ing the crises and divided opinions of recenttimes, she underlined the importance of theBSPC as a forum to discuss sensitive issues andwould continue to serve the benefit of the BalticSea citizens for many years to come.30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 177Fourth Session: Addresses and Reports lieved that their interparliamentary work couldcontribute significantly to these efforts.Session chair Jarosław Wałęsa, MP from Poland,introduced each guest talking to the conference. Mr Asaf Hajiyev, PABSEC Secretary General,noted that his organisation was also heading forMr Pedro Roque of the Parliamentarian Assembly a celebration of its 30th anniversary in the nearof the Mediterranean (PAM) had enjoyed the future, hoping that the BSPC would also attendgood cooperation in recent years with the BSPC. that event. He spoke about the refugee flows,He was looking forward to signing a memoran- underlining that they were victims of politicaldum of understanding in the near future. Finally, wars or the like. While it was possible to simplythe latest figures of the OECD showed trade reach- build a wall to keep them out, Mr Hajiyev ar-ing a new high after the onset of the COVID-19 gued for each democratic country finding wayspandemic. Nevertheless, sectors such as tourism to harbour more refugees, to allow them a waywere still lagging. The PAM had implemented to live their lives.measures to aid the economy. Moreover, they hadestablished relations with the PABSEC and the Ambassador Grzegorz Marek Poznański, Direc-parliamentary association of Turkish-speaking na- tor General of the Council of the Baltic Seations. Mr Roque noted the recent images of floods States Secretariat, spoke of the need for sci-and wildfires, therefore resolute action against cli- ence-based policies in order to have a functionalmate change could no longer be delayed. Green re- democracy. The CBSS was working with aca-covery strategies had to be part of any post-COV- demic institutions as well as partners like theID-19 approach. He was delighted that the BSPC BSPC on localising strategies. They were alsowas also keen on tackling climate change. He be- making the youth voice being heard, through178 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencethe CBSS youth platform, mobilising them to- transport throughout the area was important. Inwards taking action. The current decade had to addition, he emphasised the necessity ofbe the decade of action so as to make this a bet- cross-border cooperation, even in times of ten-ter place for the future. sion. Mr Nakhanen pointed out his concernabout the development of the Arctic region,Mr Mieczysław Struk, Chairman of the Baltic noting that he was paying close attention to theSea States Subregional, Cooperation, BSSSC, EU strategy for the Arctic. In general, theMarshal of the Pomorskie Voivodeship, was CPMR was looking for deeper cooperation withplanning to serve as an important and active the BSPC.part of the future of Europe. Even stronger en-gagement and togetherness was necessary among Anders Bergström, representing the Baltic Seaall parts of the Baltic family. Much had been NGO Network, said that cooperation wasdone but even more was yet to be achieved. The even more needed today than ever before.issues of the day had grown even more urgent Here, he referred to more than climate changethan had been foreseeable only a few years earli- but also to social issues. Any opportunitieser, as had the concerns like sea-dumped ammu- were better tackled jointly than by creating ri-nitions, ageing societies, digital difficulties as valries within their region or within countries.well as growing distrust in democratic institu- Together, they could develop targeted solu-tions. Civil society had to be further developed. tions to problems and make better use of theirTogether, the loss of trust in science and logic resources. The macroregional strategies provid-had to be reversed. Solidarity with those in need ed a framework for such collaboration amongand with future generations was very much re- stakeholders, both from the EU and neigh-quired.Mr Jari Nahkanen, President of the Baltic SeaCommission of the Conference of Peripheraland Maritime Regions (CPMR), agreed thatclose cooperation of the organisations and peo-ples around the Baltic Sea was needed to resolvethe urgent issues of the day. The Baltic Sea wasunder a lot of pressure, and a blue economywould help alleviate its stressors. Connectivitywas also important in the Baltic Sea region, as30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 179bouring countries. Further work was needed Ms Anna Mannfalk, Vice Chair of Region Skåneto stabilise and sustain these strategies and also Health Care Committee, noted that the NGOscontinued investment. The NGOs were not al- were contributing by informing communities,ways included in this scheme, as funding was especially in those that might not trust govern-often reserved for public institutions. It washigh time to reform the Baltic Sea NGO Net-work, Mr Bergström underlined which he ex-pected to occur by the end of the year. He add-ed that political support was needed at all lev-els, increasing awareness of needing each otheracross borders. Transnational collaborationhad to be an integral part of development inevery respect.Ms Ulla Karin Nurm, NDPHS Secretariat, saidthat intense cooperation was the only way tomake progress. She dealt with the impact of cli- ment institutions. Secondly, NGOs providedservices, such as health care. Thirdly, they hadproven adept at innovation, such as when theyhad welcomed migrants during the 2015 crisis.The region was working together with NGOs toestablish sustained operations, attracting scien-tific knowledge and more funding.Mr Peter Stein, BSPC Rapporteur on Sea-Dumped Munitions, emphasised that there wasmate change on human health which was yetunderexplored. Natural disasters were damag-ing livelihoods and killing people on the onehand, on the other disease patterns were chang-ing, with e.g. lime disease entering areas previ-ously safe from it. Ticks were another threatmoving into areas where it had been thoughtthey could not survive. Beyond these rather ob-vious developments, the loss of sustainable foodsupplies made it increasingly difficult to con- not very much time left to resolve this issue. Thesume a balanced diet. To fight climate change, task was not just to remove the munitions frompeople had to step out of their silos and work the sea floor but also to remove the traces of atogether. More to the point, GDP should not world war that Germany was still regrettingbe the measure of success but rather the health starting. He hoped there would never be war inand prosperity of the people. the Baltic Sea region again. Going back to the is-180 30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferencesue at hand, he underlined that this was only the the Baltic Sea area could become models forbeginning of the process of clearing out the mu- green growth and sustainable development.nitions. What was crucial was facing challenges together.He noted that they could expect temperatures toMs Carola Veit, BSPC Rapporteur on Migration rise until the end of the century such that theand Integration, stated that the nations were re- water level of the Baltic would rise by one metre.vising their migration and integration strategies. There would be more natural disasters, losses ofShe highlighted the issue of unaccompanied mi- biodiversity. Therefore, maritime policy had tonors which had received further attention from develop solutions, despite their divergent views.Baltic organisations. The actions of Belarus touse migrants as instruments in hybrid, asym-metric conflicts had to be noted. Ms Veit con- Closing Sessionceded that the COVID-19 pandemic had alsoled to negative effects for migrants’ likelihood of The 30th Conference decided to extend the ten-being integrated into society, in various respects. ure of the Working Group on Climate ChangeShe called for the nations to continue sharing and Biodiversity by another year, so it would de-best practices as well as sharing the task of mi- liver its Final Report to the 32nd Conference ofgration. the BSPC.Mr Jochen Schulte, BSPC Rapporteur on Inte- BSPC President Pyry Niemi noted that the workgrated Maritime Policy, said that the pandemic to deliver the current resolution had, as often,had shown that the maritime economy remaineda vital part of the global economy. Contrary towhat had been effected, COVID-19 and thelockdown had led to a huge growth, particularlyin online retail, increasing freight rates in majorshipping routes. Some have tripled or quadru-pled since the turn of the year 2020. Maritimestakeholders were achieving transitions to moresustainable replacement fuels to fossil fuels,leading to higher prices for customers but a bet-ter solution for the environment. Harbours in30 Years of Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference 181been difficult. Yet reaching a consensus also He was delighted by the results of the work ofproved the ability of the BSPC to overcome such the BSPC over the past year but also throughoutodds, even despite the added obstacle of the on- the present conference, having deepened theline-only discussions. fundamental and significant issues of the future.They had intensively involved the youth in theirThe 30th BSPC unanimously agreed on the res- decision-making processes, seeking to gear theirolution, calling on the governments of the Baltic recommendations to the needs of future genera-Sea region. tions as well. President Niemi offered his grati-tude to everyone involved in the conference.Traditionally, the baton of the presidency of theBSPC was handed over at this point. Since Pres- BSPC President Pyry Niemi declared theident Niemi would remain in office for another 30th Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conferenceterm until a hopefully in-person 31st Confer- closed.ence of the BSPC, he retained said baton.Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference Secretariatwww.bspc.netBSPC Secretariatc/o Lennéstraße 119053 SchwerinGermanyPhone (+49) 385 525 2777