Joergensen_IMR_BiodivAndClimateSHORT

II Meeting of the BSPC Working Group on Climate Change and Biodiversity19–20 March 2023 Tromsø, NorwayClimate Change and Biodiversity in the North–toward 100% sustainable management?Principal Scientist Dr. Lis Lindal JørgensenThe Institute ofMarine Research (IMR)Employees : About 1190 –345 scientistsFunding : 1.8 billion NOK –40 % from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and FisheriesProvide catch advice on 80 fish stocksAnnual Risk Assessment of Norwegian aquaculture-one of the largest marine research institutes in Europe .-main activities are monitoring, research and advisory work .FlødevigenMatreBergenAustevollTromsøA national research instituteWeprovide insight and advice from marine lifeto health –from themost subtle details ofmarine ecosystems to theseafood weeat.Ecosystem Based management of human activities is the goalSustainableaquacultureSafe andhealthyseafoodEcosystemsandimpactsSustainableharvestingIMR vision :Clean and Rich Oceans and Coastal AreasContinued loss of global biodiversity threaten functions and services delivered by ecosystems.Species vary in their capacity to persist environmental perturbations, grow, p lasticity , and adaptivegenetic variation .Oliver et al 2015. Biodiversity and resilience ofecosystemfunctions .Trends in ecology & evolution ,30(11), pp.673 -684.Three good reason to include Biodiversity•UNs New International Biodiversity Agreement Strengthens Climate Action(UNFCCC ) where Governments committed to protect 30% of land and waterconsidered important for biodiversity by 2030.•The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD ) -"the conservation of biologicaldiversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharingof the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources“•Theinternational agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marinebiological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ ).The Norwegian continental shelf ( more than 2 millkm2)is almost six times the size of the land area ofmainland Norway, Svalbard and Jan Mayen.The c oastline stretching 25 000 km ́s when fjords,bays and islands are included.•Norwegian Sea: mean of 2000 m depth•Barents Sea: mean of 230 m depth•North Sea: mean of 95 m depth•Skagerrak: mean of 200 m depthVilniusTemperaturePlankton2013 2014TransectsTransectsAlcidsAlcids Ship-followersShip-followersSeabirdsMarineMammals0-group fishPelagic fishDemersalfishBenthosInteractions> 400 stations each year inAugust/SeptemberEcosystem Survey in theBarents Sea (BESS)Long term monitoringNorwaySvalbardNovayaZemlyaThe 2022 results of the BESS20222022IcecoverFish communities expanding northFossheim et al. (2015) Nature Climate ChangeThe North East Atlantic are one of themost productive regions of the worldWarm -temperate stocks expanding fromsouth -> do well along with cold -temperatestocksCold-temperate stocks at the southern andArctic stocks at the northern fringes arenegatively impactedSpawning groundsDirectional effectPositiveNeutralNegativeSnow crabPolar codShrimpsNS CodSaitheNEA CodHaddockSpratHakeEelKjesbu et al 2022. Highly mixed impacts ofnear‐future climate change onstock productivity proxies in theNorth East Atlantic. Fish and Fisheries ,23(3), pp.601 -615.Biodiversity ofmegabenthos2022•562 taxa (382 species)•1 –101 taxa per trawl•Average 33 taxa pertrawl•The list (2005 -2022)with more than 1000taxaThe southern benthos transition zoneAnnual position of theboreal -Arctic boundaryZakharov et al (2020) Barents Sea megabenthos : spatial and temporal distribution and production .Marine Biological Journal ,5(2), 19 -37.Sponges (boreal)Echinoderms (Arctic)Arctic speciesdominatesBoreal speciesdominatesJørgensen LL, Bakke G, Hoel AH ( 2020 ) Responding to global warming: new fisheries management measures in the Arctic. Progress in Oceanography , p.102423.MAREANO = MappingObserved vulnerable speciesOther parts of the ecosystemHow to move on?A Sustainable Ocean Plan (17 nations) pointing towardinclude a range of mechanisms such as e.g......Integrated managementMPAsOECM......... i.e. from complete Protection to sustainable explorationGuide launched December 2021, oceanpanel.orgFrom the Ocean PanelIntegrated managementFrom IPPCThe multi -dimensionality of climate change impacts and their interactions with other anthropogenicstressors calls for integrated approaches ...............HumanactivitiesPressuresEcosystemcomponentHow to makea Risk -map?BelugaPolarbearsNarwhaleBenthosResearch icebreaker top pressures:•Pollution•Noise•Disturbance•ExtractionAug -SepSep -OctJune -AugPersistentlySmall populationExtreme slowrecovery rateUnknownpopulation sizeSmall populationEcosystem Based Management"Comprehensive, integrated management of human activities......based on best available scientific and traditional knowledge about the ecosystem and itsdynamics,.... In order to identify and take action on influences that are critical to the health ofecosystems,.. thereby achieving sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services and maintenanceof ecosystem integrity ."From Arctic CouncilOperationally Ecosystem Based ManagementWork under development in PAME(PAUSED!) DECLARATION for the Ministerial meeting of the Arctic Council: ... the importance of the ecosystembased management for the Arctic marine environment, ..... and welcome relevant activities in this regard..National, bilateral and multinationalapproach to EBMWhat are the “ Biodiversity Objectives”for your marine areas?Do you receive “ Science Advise ” basedon Integrated Ecosystem Assessment?Do you have “ cross -sectorial ” approachin order to manage human activities?How do your nation prepare the future“Large Data ” sampling in a time -andcost efficient way-and without science causing too muchpollution and damage to the ecosystemFollow usimr.no