NPpresentasjonmars2023_engelsk

Norwegian Polar InstituteNalan KocResearch Directo rPhoto: G.S. Jaklin/NPI•Norway’s main institution for scientificknowledge about Norwegian polar regions•Professional and strategic adviser forNorwegian authorities on management ofthe polar regions•Norway’s executive environmental authorityfor Bouvetøya andAntarctica•Research coordinator and host at Ny -ÅlesundResearch Station•Responsible for topographic and geologicalmapping of Svalbard, Jan Mayen andNorwegian claims and territories inAntarctica•Logistics operator in the polar regionsPhoto: A. NarvestadDirectorate –Ministry of Climate and EnvironmentGeographical areasThe Arctic•Svalbard and Jan Mayen•The Arctic Ocean and the Barents SeaThe Antarctic•Dronning Maud Land, Peter I Øy, Bouvetøyaand adjacent seasPhotos: M. Vihtakari , A.K. BaltoOrganisationCa. 185 employees from over 20 countriesNorwegian PolarInstitute history1906 –07Scientific expeditions to Svalbard,financed by the Prince of Monaco.Led to the establishment of the NPI1928Norwegian Svalbard and ArcticOcean Survey was established1948Name -change to Norwegian PolarInstitute , with activities in bothpolar regions1949 –52Maudheim overwinteringexpedition, Antarctica1956 –60Norway Station overwinteringexpedition, AntarcticaRecent polar history –increased focus onpolar research1998The NPI relocated from Osloto Tromsø2005Troll Research Station inAntarctica became a year -round station2006The Government’s first HighNorth Strategy2007 –08The International Polar Year –IPY2015Climate expedition to theArctic, Lance frozen in the ice–N-ICE20152018New research vessel, the ice -breaker Kronprins Haakon•Main offices at theFram Centre, Tromsø•Office at theResearch Park, Longyearbyen•Sverdrup research facility , Ny-ÅlesundResearch Station•Zeppelin Observatory for AtmosphericResearch and Monitoring , Zeppelinfjellet,Ny-ÅlesundIn Tromsø and SvalbardPhotos: A.K. BaltoResearchinfrastructureNy-Ålesund Research StationTroll Research StationRV Kronprins HåkonSharing thenational Arctic observation platformsNy-Ålesund Research StationRV Kronprins HaakonSvalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing SystemA cooperating research infrastructure for improved knowledge ofenvironmental and climatic change in the Arctic.N-ICE2015Ny-Ålesund Research Station: research andenvironmental monitoringPhoto: H. T. Markussen•Norwegian research station, a cluster ofcompetence institutions•National and international researchprojects and programmes belonging toinstitutions from 11 countries•Observatory, laboratory and field base fora number of Arctic research andenvironmental monitoring activities•Assignment from Norwegian authorities:to be the overall host•Responsible for implementing andfollowing up the research strategy for Ny -Ålesund (The Research Council ofNorway)•Conducts research and environmentalmonitoring•Cooperates with Kings Bay AS, Ny -Ålesund Science Managers’ Committee(NySMAC ), Svalbard Integrated ArcticEarth Observing System (SIOS), SvalbardScience Forum (SSF)Photos: G.W. Gabrielsen, F. TulatzThe Norwegian Polar Institute at Ny -Ålesund•The NPI is a directorate . Gives advice tothecentral government onthemanagement ofpolar regions•Norway’s environmental authority forBouvetøya and Norwegian activity inAntarctica•Participates in and represents Norway oncommittees and in processes (ATCM, CEP ,CCAMLR, UN, Arctic Council’s workinggroups, International Polar BearAgreement etc.)Environmental management•Monitoring system, based onscientificand monitoring data•Part of Norway’s national environmentalmonitoring•Provides a basis to access whetherpolitical targets for the environment inthe northern regions have been met•Assessments•AdviceEnvironmental Monitoring Svalbard and Jan Mayen(MOSJ)www.mosj.no•Year -round research station Troll inDronning Maud Land, inaugurated byQueen Sonja in February 2005•Troll airstrip, 2005•Tor field base, base for field studies ofbirds•Norwegian Antarctic Research Expeditions(NARE)•Climate research, environmentalmonitoring, data downloaded fromsatellites Research & logistics , AntarcticaPhotos: G. S. Jaklin, K. MatsuokaFoto: Ø.Mikelborg•PC 3 class icebreaker: Year -round operation in ice -covered waters•Accomodation for 15 –17 crew and 35 scientists•Endurance 65 days at cruising speed•100 metres long and 21 metres broadFF Kronprins HaakonState -of-the-art research facilitiesLow emissions and excellent safety•Owned by theNorwegianPolar Institute•Run by theInstitute ofMarine Research•The main users areUiT TheArctic University ofNorway,IMR and NPIPhoto: Vegard SturzingerFF Kronprins Haakon•The Norwegian Polar Institute isresponsible for topographic and geologicalmapping•Aerial photos•Fieldwork in a changing landscapeMapping Norwegian polar regions•Climate change•Climate monitoring•Contaminants andenvironmental toxins•Ocean debris (plastics)•Biodiversity•Marine ecosystems•Glaciers•Sea ice•Oceanography•Biogeochemistry•Geological mappingPhoto. J. AarsNorwegian Polar Institute’s researchInterdisciplinary + national and international cooperationFieldwork and collecting data have always been central tasks for the NPI. Some examples:•Measuring sea ice thickness in Fram Strait•Drilling ice cores in the Arctic and Antarctic•Geological mapping in Svalbard and Dronning Maud Land•Researching and monitoring polar bears in SvalbardPhotos: N. Cobbing , A.K. Balto, H.F. AasField work and data collectionNorwegian Polar Institute’s climate and effect studiesTemperaturEffects ontheecosystemTemperatureIcecovers and glaciersSea icePrecipitation patternsOceanThe atmospheric concentrationsof carbon dioxide, methane, andnitrous oxide have increased tolevels unprecedented in at leastthe last 800,000 years.Carbon dioxide now more than 50% higher than pre -industrial levelsGlobal surface temperature was 0.89°Cwarmer than the 20th-century average of13.9°C and 1.06 ̊C warmer than the pre -industrial period (1880 -1900).The land has warmed fasterthan the oceanThe globe is not warming evenlyTemperatures are rising much faster (3x) in the Arctic than the global average("Arctic Amplification")Denne teksten endres i "Header & Footer"09/2007Arctic sea-icevolume : The iceis diminishing198020180•Thinner: Nearly 70% ofvolumelost in 40 years•Shrinking : covers 60% ofthearea it covered 40 years ago•More light :younger , thinner icelets more light through thanmulti -year ice•Warms theoceans : Less energyis reflected to theatmosphere•More knowledge needed :Climate models arebased onolder, multi -year ice.SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORTWorking Group I –The Physical Science BasisCurrent Arctic sea ice cover(both annual and latesummer) is at its lowest levelsince at least 1850 (highconfidence) and is projectedto reach practically ice -freeconditions at its summerminimum at least oncebefore 2050 under all scenarios.Arctic seaicecover -projectionsClimate models used by the UN’s IPCC andothers to project climate change are notaccurately reflecting what the Arctic’s futurewill be. Researchers argue that the rate ofwarming will be much faster than projected.A New Central Arctic ObservingSystem•Until recently it has only been possible tocollect long -term measurements at theperipheral straits.•NPI has collected measurements at theFram Strait gateway for more than 30years.•The retreating ice cover and availability ofmodern ice breakers now make possible toestablish a long term measurementprogram in the Central Arctic.•A purpose of the 2022 Arctic Ocean cruisewas to develop a new long -term observingsystem in the Central Arctic based aroundtwo new moorings2022 Arctic Ocean cruiseSustainable development of the Arctic Ocean (SUDARCO) (2022 -2026)Establishment of an autonomous Central Arctic observatory consisting of an oceanographic mooring and annual deploymentsof ice -tethered drifting platformsAim: produce an integrated assessment of the risks topresent and future value chains and ecosystem services inthe study region and communicate the managementimplications to relevant stakeholdersProject manager: Paul.Dodd@npolar.no«Atlantification »•Clear increase in warm Atlanticwater flowing intotheArcticOcean in recent years•This warming oftheseais themain cause ofthechanges inseaiceextent and dynamicsaround SvalbardSvalbard has one of the longesthigh-latitude meteorologicalrecords on earthIt shows approximately 6 °C(10.8 °F) increase in 100years;with 4 °C (7.2 °F) increase inthe last 30 years.8745 8750 8755 8760 8765 8770 8775 8780 8785430 440 450 460 470 480• Ny-ÅlesundBRGMLBAustreBrøggerbreen(BRG)andMidreLovénbreen(MLB)long Arctic massbalance time-series. Started 1967, 1968,respectively.Kongsvegen(KNG)Started 1987.Kronebreen(KRB)-Holtedahlfonna(HDF),Started 2004NPI glacier mass balanceKNGKRBHDF-25-20-15-10-5051965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015Cumulative balance (m)YearAustre BrøggerbreenMidre LovénbreenKongsvegenKronebreen-HoltedahlfonnaKronebreen-Holtedahlfonna, w/calving2012▪Changes in winter climate and frequency of«rain-on-snow »events represent one of the mostimportant facets of ongoing climate change in Arcticterrestrial ecosystems.▪«Rain -on-snow» cause ground ice and block herbivoreaccess to food resources▪The winter is the bottle -neck for survival of herbivores!Rain -on-snowWinter storms accelerate the demise of sea ice inthe Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean•The short -lived and episodicsynoptic -scale events transportpulses of heat and moisture into theArctic , which temporarily reduceradiative cooling and henceforth icegrowth.•Cumulative snowfall from eachsequential storm deepens the snowpack and insulates the sea -ice,further inhibiting ice growththroughout the remaining winterseason.•Strong winds fracture the ice cover ,enhance ocean -ice-atmosphere heatfluxes, and make the ice moresusceptible to lateral melt.(Graham et al., 2019)There is hardly an environmenton Earth that is changing asrapidly as the Arctic Ocean•As the region warms and sea ice retreats,previously inaccessible areas are becomingaccessible, paving the way for new activity•Changes in the ice cover, water columnstructure and composition have alreadyaffected the ecosystem in the Arctic Ocean•New measurements are needed to enableeffective management and adaptationbased on a state -of-the-art understandingof the ecosystem and its response to thechanging environmentWarmer Arctic is changing N -hem weather patterns•Influences the route and speed of the jet stream (”waivier”)•Causes slower flow of weather systems which increase theprobability for long -lasting extreme events•Changes distribution of temp. and precipitation patternsTemp.gradient between mid.latitudes and theArctic weakens(Francis & Vavrus , 2012)Polar jet streamDada et al., A central arctic extreme aerosol event triggered by a warm air -mass intrusion .Nature Communications, 8 September 2022.Frequency and intensity of warm and moist air -mass intrusions into the Arctic have increased over the past decades andhave been related to sea ice meltThank you!•Tekniske detaljer•Lengde : 100 m•Bredde : 21 m•Draft: 8,5 m•Brutto tonnasje : 10900 tonn•Innkvartering for 55 personer i38 lugarer(15–17 mannskap )•Forskningsfasiliteter•15 laboratorier•3 laboratorier i containere•4 kjølerom for prøver•2 fryserom for prøver•Auditorium (50 seter)Isbryteren FF «Kronprins Haakon»