Bathmann presentation at 26 BSPC

Slide 1:Science and ResearchUlrich Bathmann Leibniz Institute for Baltic SeaResearch“Scientific Evidence for Environmental Management”Slide 2:Atmospheric CO2 increase – Ocean AcidificationApril 2017Slide 3:TEMPERATURESlide 4:Mean temperature change, model outputSlide 5:Sea level rise1.4°C5.8°CSlide 6:6...understanding of Baltic ecosystem functioning...detect natural system varibility and disriminate those from anthropogenic influences...monitoring the status of the Baltic SeaThe sections jointly operate a research programme aiming at...Interdisciplinary research programmeOctober 2012The Baltic Sea:Central in Europe9 Nations85 Mill. People1/10 Area of EuropeSlide 7:Nature/ProtectionTourismArt and CultureAmmunitionGarbageMilitaryWind-IndustryTransportScienceOxygen inflowSlide 8:Sea shore touristsHELCOM: Map and data serviceAll around the BalticSlide 9:2-Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid as UV-filter... and other organo-chemicals from cosmetic & pharmaceutical and „health care“ products of unknown chemical structure and environmental effects? Marine Strategy Framework Directive & Baltic Sea Action Plan ?IOW (2017): Fisch et al. Mar. Poll. Bull. In pressSlide 10:Secundary microplasticFragmented macroplasticMicro-Plastic? Marine Strategy Framework Directive & Baltic Sea Action Plan ?IOW (2017) Labrenz, M. & Oberbeckmann, S.Slide 11:HELCOM (2017):State-of-the-Baltic-Sea.First versionSlide 12:Ships traficPaint (TBT) impact on fish larvae (Zoarces viviparus)Slide 13:HELCOM (2017): State-of-the-Baltic-Sea. First versionUnder water noise in the Baltic SeaSlide 14:Oil pollutionQuelle: HELCOMSlide 15:Due to false confidence ratio of laboratory analyses, inputs of mercury from Polish rivers are not includedInput: Heavy metals via rivers into the Baltic (in tons; 2006)HELCOM, (2010): Ecosystem Health of the Baltic Sea; Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 122Slide 16:Phosphor input via swage treatment plant Bramow into river Warnow (O5), and changes in total its phosphorus concentrations near Warnemünde (Unterwarnow)PhosphorusIOW, (2015): Nausch & Nausch et al. Environm. ReportNitrogen !... still main action fields for theMarine Strategy Framework Directive & Baltic Sea Action PlanSlide 17:Thus, reduced oxygen production and reduced habitats for fish eggs and larvae.Plankton production results in water turbidityLight reduction for the macrophyto benthos (algae) -> reduction in seagras and fucusConsequencessource: HELCOMSlide 18:Die Todeszonen der Ostsee wachsenIOW (2016): Benthos monitoring programmeSlide 19:Water exchange between the Baltic Sea and the North Seafrom the Kattegat through the Danish Straits and the Baltic Proper into the Gulf of Finland. The isolines show salinity levels. Graph modified from Leppäranta & Myrberg (2008)More than 250 rivers discharge 660 km3 water per year to the Baltic; important rivers are Oder, Vistula, Nemunas, Daugava and Neva.Periodically, North Sea water with high salinity enters and maintains gradients in the Baltic SeaH2S, anoxicO2O2North SeaGulfof FinlandSlide 20:Neue Luft in tiefe Ostseebecken: Dezember 2014 ff.IOW (2015):Graewe, U and monitoring teamSlide 21:Inflow events into the Baltic 1970 - 2016IOW, (2016): Naumann et al. Monitoring time seriesSince 1970:Inflow events became less abundant. Reasons?Anoxic bottom areas have increased.Oxic periods after inflow are getting shorter.3rd largest in recordsSlide 22:Save-cleaning of historic ammunition depositsUDEMM – Environmental Monitoring for the Delaboration of Munitions in the Sea (GEOMAR, IOW)Slide 23:Effects of red phosphorousSlide 24:Fishing for...Slide 25:Fishing down the food web Adapted from Watson and Pauly (2001)HELCOM, (2010): Ecosystem Health of the Baltic Sea; Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 122Slide 26:Mud, dark LB, MB - infaunal bivalves (Arctica islandica)TW, ARK - Macoma balthicaSand, light STOL - Arctica islandicaZIN2 - MytilidaeSand, dark ZIN1 - multiple infaunal bivalve species including CMMOB - multiple infaunal bivalve species including CMMBiotope mapping, marine habitats, sediment servicesSlide 28:Increase of alien species since 1860 into then Baltic SeaHELCOM 2017What are the consequences?Slide 29:Marine Ecosystem Serviceswith those most severely threatened marked with an asterisk (*) and the well-functioning ones marked with “√”. Modifi ed from Swedish EPA (2009a).HELCOM, (2010): Ecosystem Health of the Baltic Sea; Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 122Slide 31:http://www.helcom.fi/publications/en_GB/publications/For further reading:Slide 32:Leibniz Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde