BSPC Dagmara Struminska
University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Toxicology and Radiation ProtectionNatural radioactivity vs radioactive contaminationPolish nuclear energy perspective and concernBSPC Working Group on Climate Change & BiodiversityGdańsk, 15 May 2023Dagmara Strumińska -ParulskaGrzegorz OlszewskiElżbieta NiemiryczUniversity of Gdańsk, Faculty of ChemistryPoland's Energy Policy to 2040 (PEP2040)FAIR TRANSITIONZERO -EMISSIONENERGY SYSTEMGOOD AIRQUALITYOffshore wind energyNuclear power industryLocal and civic energyPoland's Energy Policy to 2040 (PEP2040)6 nuclear reactors(6-9 Gwe )25%electric energyin PolandSupport for the construction of nuclearpower plants in Poland in 10 yearsspring autumn autumnI'mforI don't knowI'm againstSupport for the latest nuclear technologiesto generate electricityNuclear plant localisationWe arehereGdańsk Warsaw80 km 400 kmLubiatowoKopalino25 000students1 700scientistsComprehensiveeducationModernlaboratoriesand researchequipmentInternationalpartnershipsSource of knowledge innovations experienceCompetence hubMonitoringUniqueradiochemistrydepartmentEnvironmentalprotectionNPP employeesProvince inhabitantsLocal inhabitantsRadiationprotectionDose limitsEmployees Other personsWhole bodyeffective dose20 mSv 1 mSvLens of eye 20 mSv 15 mSvSkin 500 mSv 50 mSvHands , forearms ,feet & ankles500 mSv 50 mSvRadiationsafetyNuclearpowerplantAnnual effectivedoseDose limit(mSv/y)Max dose from NPP(mSv/y)Adults 0.3 0.0035Children 0.3 0.0035ChernobylaccidentimpactOur most important research resultson radioactive contaminationUnpublishedNaturalradioactivityvsRadioactivecontaminationNatural radionuclidesbioaccumulation processes,trophic nets (chains),NORM and TENORM(40K, 210Po, 210Pb, 226Ra, U, Th )Radioactive contaminationartificial (man -made)radionuclides(137Cs, 90Sr, Pu, Am, Cm )Effective doses in UKRadiation exposue sources (US EPA)Effective doses in PolandEffective doses from natural backgroundAirWater and other drinksFoodSupplements and food additivesCigarettesAlpha emitters –internal radiation(210Po, 220Rn, 222Rn, 224Ra, 226Ra,234U, 238U, 228Th, 230Th, 232Th)NaturalradiationsourcesFood products in 238U, 234U, 232Th, 230Th, 228Th and226Ra intake (Poland) (%)Our most important research resultson natural radioactivityμSv/yearAnnual effective dose from natural radionuclides intakein Poland ( Sv/rok)2013/59/ Euratom –average indor radon concentration cannotexceed 300 Bq/m3RadiationprotectionDose limitsEmployees Other personsWhole bodyeffective dose20 mSv 1 mSvThis exposure would be in addition tothe annual background radiation.Drinking Water Directive 98/83/EC, European CommissionAlthough the exact levels havenot been established directlyThe WHO limit for uranium in water is 15 μg/lNORM exposureKnowledge gaps exist with respect to the extent of global andEuropean NORM (naturally occuring radioactive material )exposure situations and their exposure scenariocharacteristics.NORM exposure –conclusions•Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) canimpact humans and biota.•A systematic method for determination is needed .•NORM affects many industrial sectors often not consideredin terms of radioactivity .•Case -by-case made inventories of NORM may not cover allsituation of concern .Other topics worth investigatingDioxins... pollution of the industrial zone reached the polar regions ...Thank you for your attention !