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The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) is pleased to announce the release of the Interim Report from the BSPC Working Group on Energy Security, Self-Sustainability, Resilience, and Connectivity (ESSRC). This report marks a significant milestone in the ongoing efforts to enhance the region’s energy security and resilience following the group’s establishment at the 32 nd BSPC in August 2023. Background and Purpose The Working Group was formed in response to the heightened need for energy security and self-sustainability in the Baltic Sea region, particularly in light of recent geopolitical challenges. The BSPC recognised the urgent requirement to address the vulnerabilities exposed by the region’s previous energy dependencies, notably the reliance on fossil fuels from Russia. The group’s mission is to explore and recommend strategies that promote energy independence, sustainable development, and increased resilience across member states. Key Meetings and Discussions Since its inception, the Working Group has convened three major meetings: Riga, October 2023 : The inaugural meeting established the guiding principles and action plan for the Working Group. Discussions focused on the critical areas of energy, defence, transport, and digital connectivity, setting the stage for future collaborations. https://www.bspc.net/inaugural-meeting-of-the-bspc-working-group-on-energy-security-self-sustainability-resilience-and-connectivity-in-riga/ Helsinki, March 2024 : The second meeting emphasised the geopolitical implications of energy security, strategies to counter hybrid threats, and the importance of regional cooperation. Experts provided insights into the ongoing energy transition and the need for enhanced interconnections across the Baltic Sea region. https://www.bspc.net/energy-policy-and-energy-security-in-the-baltic-sea-region-with-attention-to-the-protection-of-critical-infrastructure/ Greifswald, May 2024 : The third meeting centred on safeguarding critical infrastructure, particularly in maritime transport, and the challenges of maintaining regional stability. The discussions underscored the significance of robust defence and transport networks in ensuring energy security and resilience. https://www.bspc.net/protecting-critical-infrastructure-energy-transformation-reducing-energy-dependency-research-for-the-energy-of-the-future-and-the-dismantling-of-a-nuclear-power-plant/ Highlights of the Interim Report The Interim Report encapsulates the progress and findings from the first two meetings, offering a comprehensive overview of the region’s energy landscape and the strategies needed to secure a sustainable future. Some key highlights include: • Energy Security and Self-Sustainability : The report discusses the necessity of transitioning away from fossil fuel dependency, particularly on Russian energy, towards more sustainable and renewable energy sources. It highlights the potential of green energy, including wind and hydrogen, as well as the importance of regional collaboration in energy research and innovation. • Resilience and Connectivity : The report emphasises the need for greater interconnectivity in the democratic Baltic Sea region, advocating for a more integrated and resilient energy market. It also addresses the crucial role of digital and transport infrastructure in supporting energy security and resilience. • Political Recommendations : The report proposes a series of political recommendations aimed at enhancing regional energy security, promoting sustainability, and improving resilience. These recommendations will be presented at the 33 rd BSPC in Helsingør, Denmark, in August 2024. Next Steps The Working Group will continue its efforts, with the aim of delivering a final report by June 2025. The ongoing work will include a detailed evaluation of the third session and further discussions, expert consultations, and the development of actionable strategies that can be implemented across the democratic Baltic Sea region. Conclusion The BSPC Working Group’s Interim Report represents a critical step forward in addressing the energy challenges facing the democratic Baltic Sea region. By fostering collaboration and innovation, the Working Group is laying the groundwork for a more secure, sustainable, and resilient future. The BSPC encourages all stakeholders to engage with the findings of this report and to support the continued efforts to strengthen energy security and sustainability in the region. The full Interim Report can be downloaded here and on the Working Group’s webpage . We invite all interested parties to review the report and contribute to the ongoing dialogue on energy security and resilience in the Baltic Sea region.

The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) is delighted to announce the release of its latest report on sustainable tourism in the Baltic Sea Region for the year 2023-2024. This comprehensive report, authored under the diligent guidance of BSPC Rapporteur Ms. Birgit Hesse, President of the State Parliament of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, provides an in-depth overview of the current state and future prospects of sustainable tourism across the Baltic Sea Region. Key Highlights of the Report 1. EU and Regional Initiatives : The report details the various European Union initiatives that are currently promoting sustainable tourism, particularly in the Baltic Sea region. It emphasizes the role of programs like Interreg Baltic Sea Region, which is fostering innovation and sustainability through cross-border cooperation. 2. Impact of Climate Change : A significant portion of the report focuses on the challenges posed by climate change, including the warming of the Baltic Sea and its impact on tourism. The proliferation of bacteria due to rising sea temperatures, which affects public health and tourism, is addressed, alongside the need for sustainable environmental practices. 3. Innovative Tourism Projects : The report showcases numerous innovative projects that are helping to reshape tourism in the region. These include initiatives like the Baltic Sustainable Boating 2030 project, which aims to transform the Baltic Sea region into a leading destination for sustainable leisure boating, and the “Bike Across the Baltic” project, promoting cycling tourism as a climate-neutral travel option. 4. Economic and Social Impact : Beyond environmental concerns, the report also delves into the socio-economic aspects of tourism. It explores the potential of rural and roots tourism to drive economic diversification, preserve cultural heritage, and sustain local communities, particularly in the face of urbanization and depopulation. 5. Policy Recommendations : The BSPC’s commitment to fostering sustainable tourism is reflected in its policy recommendations, which call for the continued development of sustainable, resilient, and innovative tourism practices. The report also supports the transition to green and digital tourism as a means to enhance the sector’s resilience post-COVID-19. Strategic Vision for the Future The 2023-2024 report aligns with the BSPC’s broader vision of promoting sustainable development across the Baltic Sea Region. It underscores the importance of collaboration between regional, national, and EU-level stakeholders to achieve the dual goals of environmental sustainability and economic resilience in the tourism sector. As part of this strategic vision, the BSPC welcomes initiatives that address both the immediate and long-term challenges of sustainable tourism. These include addressing the impacts of climate change, fostering innovation in tourism offerings, and ensuring that tourism remains a driver of socio-economic development in the region. Conclusion The BSPC’s report on Sustainable Tourism in the Baltic Sea Region is an essential resource for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and the wider public interested in the sustainable future of tourism. It not only provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape but also offers actionable insights and recommendations for the continued growth and sustainability of the tourism sector in the Baltic Sea Region. The full Report can be downloaded here and on the Rapporteur’s webpage . We encourage all stakeholders to engage with the findings and join the ongoing dialogue on sustainable tourism in the Baltic Sea Region.

The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) is excited to present the latest compilation of statements and answers from the governments within the Democratic Baltic Sea Region, addressing critical issues of energy security, self-sustainability, resilience, and connectivity. This comprehensive document is the result of a meticulous intergovernmental survey conducted by the BSPC Working Group on Energy Security, Self-sustainability, Resilience, and Connectivity (WG ESSRC). Key Highlights: Focus Areas : Energy Consumption Projections and Production Plans : Detailed long-term forecasts and strategic plans for energy production. Development of New Energy Interconnections : Future projects aimed at enhancing cross-border energy cooperation and infrastructure. Balancing Power Systems : Strategies to ensure the stability and reliability of energy systems while integrating renewable sources. Hydrogen Production and Supply : National and regional objectives to foster the growth of hydrogen as a sustainable energy resource. Each government’s statement addresses critical issues such as long-term energy consumption projections, energy production plans, development of new energy interconnections, strategies for balancing power systems, and objectives regarding hydrogen production and supply. Future-Proofing Energy Security : These governments’ insights underscore their commitment to ensuring robust and resilient energy systems that can withstand future challenges and promote sustainable development. This compilation provides valuable insights into the collaborative efforts and innovative strategies adopted by these governments to secure a sustainable and resilient energy future for the Baltic Sea region. It serves as a crucial resource for policymakers, stakeholders, and the public, offering a transparent view of the strategic plans and initiatives aimed at enhancing energy security in the Democratic Baltic Sea region. We invite everyone to explore these detailed governmental responses to better understand the collaborative efforts and innovative approaches being adopted to secure a sustainable energy future for the region. Based on these statements and comprehensive information, parliamentarians can track progress in different policy fields and identify further action needs. The compilation will be updated as soon as further statements are received. You can download the statements of the governments here .

The BSPC’s Rapporteur on Integrated Maritime Policy MP Jörgen Pettersson, President of the Åland Lagting, has issued his comprehensive Report 2023 – 2024 on Developments in Integrated Maritime Policy. The report again underlines the importance of maritime issues and challenges in the BSPC’s work. It provides an in-depth analysis of the maritime sector’s current state and future directions in the Baltic Sea. This comprehensive report, spearheaded by our long-standing and experienced maritime rapporteur, Jörgen Pettersson, president of the Aland Lagting, delves into critical aspects of the marine industry and offers strategic insights for sustainable and competitive development, highlighting recent developments and future directions. It emphasises the region’s status as a vital maritime area facing economic, environmental, and security challenges. Key areas addressed in the IMP include emission reduction, competitiveness, maritime transport, port infrastructure, maritime safety, maritime spatial planning, the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on shipping, and risks related to the Russian “shadow fleet.” The report underscores the importance of collaboration among BSPC member states, industry stakeholders, and regulatory bodies to achieve sustainable and competitive goals for the marine sector in the Baltic Sea region. Access the Full Report: We invite policymakers, maritime industry stakeholders, environmental organisations, and the public to download and explore the complete “Maritime Rapporteur’s Report” to consider the strategic measures and collaborative efforts essential for the ongoing transformation of the Baltic Sea maritime sector. The Report can be downloaded here and on the Rapporteur’s webpage . Stay tuned to our website and follow our exclusive content related to various BSR-relevant policy fields.

The Benelux Parliament convened a crucial plenary session in The Hague on 14 June 2024, focusing on the vital issue of port security. High-level representatives from the three Benelux countries, along with representatives of several interparliamentary organisations and international experts, engaged in in-depth discussions on the challenges and opportunities related to protecting both physical and digital port infrastructure. BSPC President Henrik Møller addressed the Plenary Session. Ministerial Presentations and Expert Exchanges The session commenced with presentations outlining each country’s national policies on port security. Dutch State Secretary for Customs, Aukje De Vries, emphasised the importance of international cooperation in combating organised crime and drug trafficking. Luxembourg’s Minister for Mobility and Public Works, Yuricko Backes, highlighted the need to include inland ports in the overall security strategy. Geert Vandervelden, representing the Belgian National Drugs Commissioner, stressed the vulnerability of port personnel and the necessity for enhanced training. The discussions then shifted to the security of physical and digital infrastructure. The harbormasters of Rotterdam and Antwerp-Bruges shared their experiences and called for modernised legislation and improved coordination between countries. Cybersecurity experts addressed the risks and opportunities associated with the use of artificial intelligence and big data in port security. BSPC President’s Address: A Call for Enhanced Cooperation and Concrete Action BSPC President Henrik Møller expressed in his speech the BSPC’s solidarity with the Benelux Parliament, emphasising the importance of unity among democratic states, especially in challenging times. He stressed the need for intensified efforts to protect critical port infrastructure from both physical and digital threats, drawing upon the BSPC’s recent discussions on enhancing infrastructure, military mobility, and cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. The President also addressed ports’ evolving challenges, stressing the importance of continuously adapting security strategies to meet new threats. He also underlined the necessity to develop joint and coordinated actions in all our countries, as was done with the Hamburg Declaration of the coalition of European countries against serious and organised crime . His speech aimed to foster further collaboration and innovation among like-minded democratic countries of the Baltic Sea and North Sea in improving port security measures. The BSPC President outlined key measures to bolster port security, including: Enhanced Coordination and Cooperation: A unified approach among countries to safeguard critical infrastructure and ensure a coordinated emergency response. Improvements to International Maritime Law: Strengthening legal frameworks to better address emerging threats. Strengthening Surveillance and Response Coordination: Investing in advanced technologies and building regional capabilities for rapid response and repair. He concluded his address by inviting a delegation from the Benelux Parliament to the BSPC’s annual conference in Helsingør, fostering further dialogue and collaboration on port security. Adoption of Recommendations and Insightful Visit to the Port of Rotterdam Following the plenary session, three recommendations were adopted on cycling policy, the Benelux railway agenda, and the future of agriculture. The following day, the session participants embarked on a working visit to the Port of Rotterdam. This visit provided valuable insights into the port’s operations, security measures, and ambitious development projects, complementing the discussions of the previous day. Participants toured Maasvlakte 2 and received a comprehensive overview of the port’s key figures and strategic initiatives from Mark Dijk, Director of External Affairs at the Port of Rotterdam. This plenary session of the Benelux Parliament highlighted the critical issues surrounding port security and strengthened cooperation between the Benelux countries and their international partners. For further information: https://www.beneluxparl.eu/fr/2024/06/18/securite-portuaire-session-pleniere https://www.beneluxparl.eu/fr/2024/06/27/visite-de-travail-port-de-rotterdam https://we.tl/t-ijyG8zsnm8

On 10 June 2024, the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) Standing Committee convened in Copenhagen for a critical meeting marked by important discussions that will influence the future of the organisation. Originally planned to be held in the Faroe Islands, the meeting was relocated to Copenhagen due to unforeseen circumstances related to a public strike in the Faroe Islands. More than 30 participants, representatives and delegations of the BSPC members from the Åland Islands, the Baltic Assembly, Denmark, the German Bundestag, Finland, Hamburg, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, the Nordic Council, Norway, Poland, Schleswig-Holstein and Sweden participated in the meeting. Opening Remarks BSPC President Henrik Møller opened the meeting by welcoming the participants to the Danish Parliament and noting the unique situation surrounding the meeting’s relocation. He highlighted the significance of addressing the ongoing challenges, particularly the increasing brutalisation observed during the European election campaign and the need for stronger democracies and social cohesion. Key Discussions and Decisions Follow-up on the 32 nd BSPC Resolution: President Møller reported on the responses received from various governments regarding the implementation of the 32 nd BSPC Resolution, with statements published on the BSPC website. https://www.bspc.net/statements-of-the-governments-in-the-baltic-sea-region-to-the-32 nd -bspc-resolution/ Working Groups and Reports: Energy Security, Self-sustainability, Resilience, and Connectivity (ESSRC) : The committee reviewed the progress of the ESSRC Working Group, which had held significant meetings in Helsinki and Greifswald. The group’s recommendations have been incorporated into the draft of the 33 rd BSPC resolution. Sea-Dumped Ammunitions : Rapporteur Anna Kassautzki provided an update on efforts in Germany to address the issue of sea-dumped ammunitions, including the construction of a prototype mobile platform for retrieval and disposal. SC members whovisited Finland’s eastern border underlined the importance of the visit, particularly under security aspects, and provided insights into the results of their conversations and conclusions. BSPC Secretariat: A significant portion of the meeting focused on discussing the future accommodation configuration of the BSPC Secretariat. And related questions. After a thorough discussion, the deliberations focused on a compromise solution that includes a transition period. The deliberations will be continued. Upcoming BSPC Events: The 33 rd BSPC Annual Conference and the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Youth Forum (BSPYF) will be held in Helsingør from August 25-27, 2024. The conference will feature distinguished speakers, including Danish and Swedish government officials, and will culminate in a reception at Castle Kronborg. Conclusion The meeting in Copenhagen underlined the BSPC’s resilience and commitment to addressing critical regional issues, even in the face of unexpected challenges. The negotiations were characterised by efforts to secure an ongoing high level of BSPC work in the further future and, by that, ensure the continuity and effectiveness of the BSPC’s work in promoting cooperation and security in the democratic Baltic Sea region. The BSPC looks forward to the upcoming annual conference in Helsingør, where important current fundamental challenges with a particular focus on the safety of the democratic Baltic Sea region will be further explored.

Third meeting of the BSPC Working Group on Energy Security, Self-sustainability, Resilience and Connectivity in Greifswald On 26-28 May 2024, the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference Working Group on Energy Security, Self-sustainability, Resilience and Connectivity (WG ESSRC) held its third meeting in Greifswald, Germany. About 40 participants – mainly delegations from the Åland Islands, the Baltic Assembly, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, the German Bundestag, Hamburg, Latvia, Lithuania, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Norway, Poland, Schleswig-Holstein, and Sweden, as well as officials and experts from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and the European Commission – attended. The working group continued its discussions on energy policy and energy security in the Baltic Sea Region with a particular focus on Protecting Critical Infrastructure, Energy Transformation and Reducing Energy Dependency. The participants visited one of the world’s leading research facilities for the energy of the future and a decommissioned nuclear power plant to learn about the dismantling of the facility Vice-Chair of the WG ESSRC, Philipp da Cunha, emphasised that ensuring clean and affordable energy and its security is a common goal of the Baltic Sea region. Against this background, Greifswald was the ideal target for the working group, as the Lubmin site would secure a centrepiece of the state’s energy supply. The third meeting of the BSPC Working Group on Energy Security and Independence, Resilience and Connectivity of the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) took place in the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald from 26 to 28 May 2024. The focus was on joint measures to reduce energy dependency and cooperation to ensure clean and affordable energy. The event began on Sunday evening, 26 May 2024, at the Pomeranian State Museum in Greifswald with a joint visit to the exhibition on the 250 th birthday of Caspar David Friedrich, the world’s most famous painter of Romanticism, and the exhibition on the historical development of the region and its changing anchoring in the Baltic Sea region. On Monday morning, the meeting was opened by Dr Christian Suhm, Scientific Director of the Alfried Krupp Wissenschaftskolleg Greifswald, who reported on the wide range of scientific events relating to the neighbouring country Poland and the Nordic and Baltic countries. Christian Pegel, Minister of the Interior, Construction and Digitalisation of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, emphasised in his speech that the security of critical infrastructure is fundamental for coexistence. Communication and power grids must be adequately protected. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern has a large number of critical infrastructures, including the harbour in Rostock, numerous wind farms, gas pipelines and LNG terminals. In view of recent developments in the Baltic Sea region, there is an increased exchange of information between state and federal authorities, but a centralisation of responsibilities for the entire Baltic Sea region could be a more effective joint measure. NATO should also be made more aware of the need to protect the Baltic Sea region. Dr Stefan Fassbinder, Lord Mayor of Greifswald and World Mayor 2023 welcomed the participants from all over the Baltic Sea region and informed them about the city’s commitment to the Baltic Sea region. Protecting critical infrastructure The discussion on the security of critical infrastructure was deepened in a discussion with Mr Franco Accordino, Head of Unit “Investments in High Capacity Networks”, Directorate-General for Communication Networks, Content and Technologies of the European Commission. The focus was on the European vision for connectivity in the digital economy. The European Commission’s aim is to build an intelligent, efficient and resilient EU backbone infrastructure, to guarantee the EU’s sovereignty over critical assets and to strengthen the EU’s presence in the global context. Financing should consist of a mixture of funds and private investment. Prof Dr Andreas Noack from Stralsund University of Applied Sciences reported on the topics of cyber security and cyber crime. Criminal activities in cyberspace pose an ever-increasing threat to society. Companies are increasingly investing in their cyber security. Attackers come from different areas, including intelligence services, terrorists, organised crime, hacker groups and individuals. The greatest danger is “social engineering”, in which human weaknesses are exploited to create or find security loopholes. Cyber attacks are sometimes prepared and carried out over many years. One possible step towards prevention is the increased use of open source applications, as these can be analysed more comprehensively. Dr Henrich Quick, Head of Offshore at 50Hertz Transmission GmbH, spoke about the security of wind turbine s . Offshore turbines are particularly susceptible to drone attacks. A comprehensive security concept is therefore required. Even cables located deep in the water are not inviolable. At the same time, the grid expansion map with all projects in the 50Hertz grid area is publicly accessible. The aim of Russian scouting activities in the Baltic Sea is, therefore, not primarily to map the infrastructure but rather to create fear and uncertainty in order to influence the investment behaviour of potential investors with regard to large long-term investment projects. Dr Quick emphasised that we must not fall victim to this fuelled fear and uncertainty. Energy transformation and reducing energy dependency Prof Dr Thomas Luschtinetz from Stralsund University of Applied Sciences reported on the development and prospects of hydrogen. The import of green hydrogen to Germany could be particularly important for Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, as it could lead to a significant increase in jobs and added value. He underlined that a stronger exchange of knowledge with the industry and the creation of transport routes are needed to utilise the potential of hydrogen sensibly and politicians must create the necessary legal framework and provide support. It is necessary to decarbonise industrial activities to reduce CO2 emissions in the Baltic Sea region and dependence on oil and gas imports. Dr Gabriele Hoffmann, a consultant at the Ministry of Economics, Infrastructure, Tourism and Labour in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, presented the “ GreenIndustrialAreas ” project, which has taken on precisely this task. The aim of the project is to certify green (climate-neutral) industrial areas to promote innovations to reduce CO2 emissions. A transnational standard for the certification of green industrial zones is to be supplemented by a toolbox that provides decision-makers with an overview of the latest technologies for the decarbonisation of commercial activities. Prof Dr Stephan Knabe, Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Deutsche ReGas, gave an overview of the company and its contribution to the energy transition . In addition to an LNG terminal in Lubmin, preparations for an energy terminal in Mukran began this year. Another focus is the planning of the large-scale H2 electrolysis plant in Lubmin, which will be used to produce green hydrogen. The electricity required for production is to come from offshore wind power and onshore electricity. The aim is for the green hydrogen to be fed into the future hydrogen network via the planned GASCADE pipeline. Katrin Zschau, Chairwoman of the Committee on Climate Protection and Energy of the German Bundestag spoke in particular about the need to optimise cooperation between industry and the environment to improve industry’s interests in protecting expensive facilities in the Baltic Sea region. She cited underwater cables and wind turbines as examples. A look into the future and a journey into the past The meeting participants were able to experience the energy transition in Greifswald firsthand through two on-site visits. Mr PD. Dr Andreas Dinklage first presented the structure and operation of the “ Wendels tein 7-X ” experimental facility at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics in Greifswald. During the subsequent tour, the MPs discussed with the experts the suitability of the “Stellarator” type of power plant and the potential of fusion energy as an alternative energy source. After a presentation by Mr Kurt Radloff, Head of Corporate Communications at “ Entsorgungswerk für Nuklearanlagen GmbH” (EWN) , on the dismantling of nuclear facilities and the challenges of decontaminating building materials and finding a final storage site for contaminated waste, the meeting participants visited the decommissioned Greifswald nuclear power plant in Lubmin, which is currently being dismantled. Working group: Planning and outlook Following the presentations and the exchange with experts, the MPs, led by WG Vice-Chairman Philipp da Cunha, discussed the interim report and the recommendations for action for the 33 rd Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference, which will take place in Denmark from 25 to 27 August. Preliminary proposals and demands for the resolution were drawn up, which are to be adopted by consensus of all member parliaments at the annual conference. The Norwegian Parliament will host the next meeting of the BSPC Working Group on Energy Security and Independence, Resilience and Connectivity, which will take place on 24-26 November 2024.

Strengthening the Resilience of the Democratic Baltic Sea Region Boosting Democratic, Digital and Maritime Resilience Based on Reliable Neighbourliness and Close Cooperation The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) – gathered in the German Bundestag in Berlin – unanimously passed on 29 August 2023 the following 32 nd BSPC resolution: https://www.bspc.net/final-version-32-bspc-resolution-v-28082023_v1/ https://www.bspc.net/final-version-32-bspc-resolution-dt/ https://www.bspc.net/32 nd -bspc-resolution-lv/ The priorities of the 32 nd annual conference and resolution related to: Peaceful and reliable neighbourliness and intense cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region based on fundamental values Boosting democratic resilience and promoting digital resilience Strengthening the resilience of maritime ecosystems Enhancing the resilience of climate and biodiversity It has been customary for many years that the national and regional delegations to the BSPC – or the parliaments as a whole based on an appropriate decision – inform their governments about the outcome of the respective annual conference. With the BSPC resolution, the delegations call on the governments in the Baltic Sea Region, the CBSS, the EU, and other pertinent actors to implement various actions or measures. The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference and its Standing Committee highly appreciate that the national governments from the Baltic Sea area and most regional governments again sent statements on implementing the calls for action of the 32 nd resolution. Many comments are detailed and essential for political development in the areas addressed. Some parliaments explicitly invite their governments by a decision to implement the resolution within their competencies and to report to the Parliament on its implementation. To receive a comprehensive overview of the actions taken by the governments in the Baltic Sea Region in response to the resolution of the 32 nd Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference, the members of the Standing Committee have asked their government to inform as far as possible on the following: Which measures, projects or actions have been a) planned, b) initiated, and c) implemented in support of the 32 nd BSPC resolution, particularly regarding the calls for action? The statements and information the governments provide form a unique and valuable overview of developments in the respective policy fields in the Baltic Sea Region. Based on these statements and comprehensive information, parliamentarians can track progress in different policy fields and identify further action needs. The compilation will be updated as soon as further statements are received. You can download the statements of the governments here .

Parliamentarians of the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference from Finland, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden visited in Finland the EU’s eastern border of the Baltic Sea Region. This visit emphasised the need for a comprehensive approach to security, readiness, cooperation, and countering hybrid threats at local, national, and regional levels within the Baltic Sea region. On 29 April 2024, at the Vartius Border Station in Kuhmo, the participants witnessed firsthand the operational complexities of managing the EU’s external border. The Finnish Border Guard showcased a proactive strategy for safeguarding national borders, underlining the importance of regional cooperation to combat geopolitical threats effectively. This visit highlighted the crucial role of the Finnish Border Guard in ensuring border security and its cooperation with regional entities to address potential threats. The next day, 30 April 2024, the participants visited the Kainuu Brigade, where they gained insight into its role in readiness and training personnel for the defence of Finland’s northern parts. The brigade’s efforts in forming units equipped for comprehensive defence were underscored, showcasing the importance of preparedness and training in maintaining national security. Reflecting on the visit, parliamentarians stressed that the EU’s eastern border in the Baltic Sea Region must be secured against hybrid warfare, as exemplified by the orchestrated influx of refugees, as well as against all military threats. The parliamentarians emphasised the urgent need for a joint and coordinated border defence approach, highlighting the shared responsibility to defend the EU’s eastern borders. They called for heightened awareness, stronger focus, and enhanced cooperation among all democratic states of the Baltic Sea Region and the European Union, especially in light of Russia’s ongoing aggression and increasing threats. Given recent geopolitical developments, the parliamentarians underscored that governments must prioritise developing a coordinated strategy to protect common borders, societies, and infrastructures more effectively. They stressed that the European Union should consider eastern border security a priority and allocate necessary resources to bolster cooperation and readiness within the Baltic Sea region. In this context, the EU Commission President’s announcement during her visit to Lappeenranta, Finland, on 19 April 2024, to support Finland with 230 million euros and operational assistance from Frontex, including border guards and surveillance equipment, was widely welcomed. The parliamentarians view this as an essential step toward reinforcing the region’s security, urging immediate implementation. This visit complemented the detailed deliberations of the BSPC Working Group on Energy Security, Self-sustainability, Resilience, and Connectivity (WG ESSRC) held on March 18, 2024, in Helsinki. These discussions focused on protecting critical infrastructure in the Baltic Sea, especially in the energy sector. Insights from this visit are intended to inform the BSPC Standing Committee during its meeting in June 2024, allowing for deeper engagement with the issues at hand. Moreover, the parliamentarians plan to incorporate findings from this visit into the upcoming Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference under the Danish Presidency, scheduled for August 25-27, 2024, in Helsingør. The theme “Safety in the Baltic Sea Region” will take centre stage, where the defence will also be a crucial topic of discussion. Highlights from Oulu and Kuhmo Welcome Speech by Mr Ari Alatossava, Mayor of Oulu The study visit began on 28 April in Oulu, where Mayor Ari Alatossava welcomed the attendees, highlighting Oulu as the largest urban centre in Northern Scandinavia with a significant technological hub, notably Nokia. The city’s efforts to diversify its focus with investments in various sectors, aiming to build a promising future for its citizens, were emphasised. Oulu has been selected as the European Capital of Culture in 2026, reflecting its ongoing commitment to cultural and technological development. Presentation on 6G by Mr. Matti Latva-aho, University of Oulu Mr. Matti Latva-aho of the University of Oulu presented the 6G Flagship project, shedding light on the future of wireless connectivity and the strategic collaborative efforts in 6G research. The project’s objectives, including resilience, security, and digital inclusion, were discussed. The research agendas are aligned with global collaboration to ensure Europe’s strategic advantage in next-generation technologies. Environmental Insights by Ms. Satu Maaria Karjalainen and Ms. Anna-Kaisa Ronkanen Ms. Satu Maaria Karjalainen and Ms. Anna-Kaisa Ronkanen from the Finnish Environment Institute highlighted the ecological importance and challenges of the Bay of Bothnia, emphasising the need for sustainable land use and cross-border cooperation. Their insights into the state of the bay and ongoing projects underscored the critical efforts required to preserve this unique ecosystem. Visit to the LUMI Supercomputer at the CSC Data Center in Kajaani Following their environmental insights session, the group transferred to Kajaani to visit the LUMI Supercomputer at the CSC Data Center. LUMI (Large Unified Modern Infrastructure) is a petascale supercomputer and, as of January 2023, the fastest supercomputer in Europe. Hosted at the CSC Data Center, LUMI exemplifies cutting-edge technology and sustainability in supercomputing. During the visit, Mikko Kertuulo explained that the LUMI Data Center is a brownfield solution utilising approximately 10 MW of power. Notably, LUMI achieves a high Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) value, indicating optimal energy consumption. The heat generated by LUMI is fed into the city’s heating system, showcasing an impressive energy reutilization factor, which even allows the centre to achieve a carbon-negative status. Mikko Kertuulo highlighted key elements essential for data centre sites, including electricity stability, heat reuse capability, connectivity, and ecosystem support. An undersea connectivity project is underway to link Finland with the USA and Japan, enhancing global connectivity. LUMI is operated by a consortium of eleven countries with a total budget of 200 million euros. It supports various applications such as climate research, data science, plasma physics, and life sciences; 20% of its capacity is dedicated to industrial applications. The supercomputer aids in developing AI models and simulations, reinforcing its role in technological innovation and industry support. Moving Forward During the visit’s open discussions, participants underscored the importance of coordinated efforts at both the national and EU levels. The initiative to create a document outlining a unified strategy for handling eastern borders and related security issues was proposed, highlighting the need for shared responsibilities and collective action against hybrid and military threats. The parliamentarians agreed on the necessity of political advocacy to ensure these insights influence broader European legislative and strategic frameworks. Concrete actions and closer cooperation are imperative to protect the Baltic Sea region’s security and stability, reinforcing the values of shared responsibility and collective effort in the face of evolving threats. This visit has set a collaborative framework for future engagements, aiming to enhance security, readiness, and cooperation among the Baltic Sea states and the broader European community. With ongoing geopolitical shifts, the BSPC remains committed to fostering a united and proactive defence strategy for the region.

Back-to-Back to the Annual Conference of the BSPC in Helsingør Decisionmakers of today meet region builders of tomorrow. The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Youth Forum of 2024 will take place in connection with the Annual Conference of the BSPC to promote dialogue between the region’s young people and policymakers. The purpose is also to capture input from the young generation, which is crucial in ensuring an environmentally and democratically sustainable peaceful future for the Baltic Sea Region. Register now for the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Youth Forum 2024 and take an active role in addressing pressing issues such as resilience, energy security, and climate change. Young innovators and active minds from the Democratic Baltic Sea Region are invited to apply for this all-expenses-paid experience in the parliamentary world. To promote youth engagement in regional parliamentary work, the CBSS, in partnership with the Danish Presidency to the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC), has opened registration for the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Youth Forum 2024 (BSPYF). The event will be hosted in the picturesque coastal city of Helsingør, Denmark, from 24 to 27 August 2024. The forum explicitly seeks 25 young participants who are active in local, national, or regional initiatives or organisations and can contribute innovative and impactful ideas for improving the future of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). This year’s forum will address critical topics such as resilience, energy security, and climate change, providing a unique platform for future policymakers and region builders to engage in discussions, foster networks, and collaboratively develop concrete recommendations. The youth recommendations developed during the BSPYF will be presented to parliamentarians from the region during the subsequent 33 rd Annual Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC). The BSPC has traditionally invited young people to its annual conference for several years. Prospective forum participants are invited to submit their applications and proposals for recommendations by 24 April 2024. Before the event, an initial online meeting will be convened for the selected participants, offering them an opportunity to familiarise themselves with each other, initiate discussions, and receive information from the organisers. Additional online sessions are planned to aid participants in refining and consolidating their recommendations. Invited to Apply : Individuals aged 18 to 29 who reside in or hold the nationality of any CBSS Member State. The organisers and the BSPC will cover travel and accommodation expenses. Please Apply Before 24 April 2024 at 23:59 CET : https://forms.office.com/e/8UTH3Pbzz4 Additional information: https://cbss.org/youth/open-calls/baltic-sea-parliamentary-youth-forum-2024

Second meeting of the BSPC Working Group on Energy Security, Self-sustainability, Resilience and Connectivity in Helsinki On 17-18 March 2024, the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference Working Group on Energy Security, Self-sustainability, Resilience and Connectivity (WG ESSRC) held its second meeting in Helsinki, Finland. About 30 participants – mainly delegations from the Åland Islands, the Baltic Assembly, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, German Bundestag, Hamburg, Latvia, Lithuania, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Norway, Poland, Schleswig-Holstein, and Sweden and Finnish experts – attended. The working group continued its discussions on energy policy and energy security in the Baltic Sea Region with a particular focus on geopolitics and the protection of critical infrastructure concerns. Chair of the WG ESSRC, Andris Kulbergs, opened the meeting by emphasising that due to all recent turbulences, the work of the BSPC WG is more critical than ever. As the next winter will be crucial in terms of energy, there is a need for the Baltic Sea region to be better prepared. He highlighted the need to act with the knowledge available to foresee the threats, make more interconnections in energy matters and exchange information and experience. On-Site Visits: Hybrid CoE and NESA The participants had the opportunity to visit the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE). Head of International Relations, Mr Tapio Pyysalo , informed them that it is an international, autonomous network-based organisation promoting a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach to countering hybrid threats. Participation in the Centre’s activities is open to all EU and NATO countries, and the number of Participating States has grown to include 35 states today. Hybrid CoE aims to strengthen the security of its participating states and organisations by providing expertise and training to counter hybrid threats. Afterwards, the working group members visited the National Emergency Supply Agency of Finland (NESA). They were welcomed by the Chief Executive Officer of the National Emergency Supply Agency, Mr Janne Känkänen , who informed them about the organisation’s work, such as planning and operative measures related to developing and maintaining the security of supply. Cooperation with other authorities and the private sector ensures that the continuity of the critical functions of Finnish society can be safeguarded during crises and disruptions. They are a part of the Finnish Comprehensive Security Model, and their key focus areas now are military conflict, hybrid operations and the global economy. During the visits, the parliamentarians from the Baltic Sea states also had the opportunity to ask questions and gain insights into potential areas of cooperation, such as the protection of critical infrastructure in the Baltic Sea or maintaining the security of supply and stocks in the region . Expert Presentations Ministerial Adviser of the Finnish Prime Minister’s Office, Mr Jussi Soramäki , informed the working group members about geopolitics a nd maritime policy in Finland . He stated that Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine has further emphasised the importance of maritime transport as now the national Finnish border shared with Russia, which is 1344 kilometres long, is almost entirely closed. After assessing the good examples of cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region, he encouraged the Baltic Sea States to focus on possible connectivity and environmental threats to ensure the continued success of the cooperation . Docent of Russian Resource and Energy Policy at the National Defence University of Finland and professor at the University of Helsinki, Mr Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen , informed about Russia’s strategy of being a Great Power of flows – all flows, such as energy and transport routes, are seen as means of coercion and repression. Fear is the country’s main export commodity. During discussions, it was concluded that fear is a reaction, and courage is a decision; therefore, it is time to change the aim – for Russia to change, Ukraine must win . Leading Researcher at the Finnish Institute for International Affairs, Mr Marco Siddi , informed about the geopolitics of renewable energy and the impact of the war in Ukraine on EU energy systems . After assessing shares of electricity production and energy consumption in each of the countries in the Baltic Sea Region, he emphasised the need to find availability for joint funding/financing to develop and maintain interconnectivity and regional cohesion . Programme Director of the Natural Resources Institute in Finland, Ms Johanna Kohl , stated that Europe needs the bioeconomy to transition from niche to norm . She recommended the Baltic Sea States start investing in research, technology development and innovations to improve resilience and self-sufficiency in nutrients, energy and food components, support the development of regional solid business clusters and value chains promoting circular bioeconomy principles, and educating the new generation of farmers. Chairman Andris Kulbergs concluded lively discussions between the members of the WG and experts by emphasising the pivotal role of the BSPC in finding solutions to current and future challenges and the potential to enhance cooperation of the Baltic Sea states in the areas covered by the WG. He encouraged the participants to find areas in which joint actions would be of more excellent value, such as stockpiling or banning Russian vehicles in the Baltic Sea region. Afterwards, the WG ESSRC members assessed the WG recommendations and questions for the intergovernmental survey. It was agreed that the next meeting will occur on 26-28 May 2024 in Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Germany).

With a focus on recent developments in energy security and ocean policy and it’s impact on climate change The BSPC Standing Committee met in the European Parliament in Brussels to learn more about the current situation and the activities of their partner organisations, the CBSS and HELCOM. Representatives of the European Parliament and European Commission spoke about the current challenges in Europe, energy security, and ocean conservation. Further preparations were made for the annual conference in Helsingør on 25-27 August and the Baltic Sea Parliamentary Youth Forum while considerations were given to a BSPC Standing Committee Study visit to investigate the security situation at the eastern Finnish boarder line as an urgent topic of interest. More than 40 participants, representatives and delegations of the European Parliament, the European Commission, the Council of the Baltic Sea States, the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM) and the BSPC members from the Åland Islands, the Baltic Assembly, the European Parliament, Denmark, Estonia, the German Bundestag, Finland, Hamburg, Latvia, Lithuania, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, the Nordic Council, Norway, Poland, Schleswig-Holstein and Sweden participated in the meeting. Introduction BSPC President Henrik Møller welcomed the Standing Committee to the European Parliament in Brussels. Opening Remarks by Mr Andreas Schwab , Chairman of the European Parliament’s Delegation for Northern Cooperation and for relations with Switzerland and Norway and to the EU-Iceland Joint Parliamentary Committee and the European Economic Area (EEA) Joint Parliamentary Committee Mr Schwab pointed out that Baltic Sea cooperation might never have been as influential as it was in the present, stressing the unity of the nations. Given the ongoing security issues in Europe, he approved of the Danish BSPC presidency having chosen Safety in the Baltic Sea Region as their main topic, along with energy security, defence, and climate change. The security of the region and Europe hinged on the outcome of the war Ukraine had been fighting for more than two years against Russian aggression. BSPC President Møller underlined the importance of continuing the support for Ukraine in its defence of Western democracies for as long as it would take. He cherished the fact that Sweden was now approved to join NATO, which, in the words of Jens Stoltenberg, would make all of them stronger and safer. Lasting unity and solidarity – between countries but also governments and their people – were more important than ever. Under various aspects, 2024 was becoming the test year for democracies. One such testbed would be the upcoming European Parliament elections. This was important not least because issues such as climate change could only be resolved in an international and global context, with the European Parliament as a major player. BSPC Vice-President Johannes Schraps voiced his hope that in the coming term, the European Parliament would play a stronger role in its membership of the BSPC, reinforcing its part in Baltic Sea cooperation. Presentations Current Challenges in Europe and the Future of Europe Mr Martin Hojsik , Vice-President of the European Parliament Mr Hojsik appreciated Mr Schraps’ call for a greater commitment to the BSPC, not just from the European Parliament delegation but all of them. Historically, the Baltic Sea had been an abode of cooperation but also of division. With the Russian aggression since the 2014 annexation of Crimea, a split had once again occurred, profoundly affecting the security situation in the region. He echoed the appreciation for Sweden about to join NATO. Europe had to be able to defend itself as well as support Ukraine in defending their territorial integrity and freedom. Indeed, 2024 would be a crucial year for democracy. For him, one of the gravest concerns was that Russia was not only fighting directly but also waging a hybrid war seeking to destabilise the democratic countries from within. The other priorities of the Danish BSPC presidency, energy security and climate change, were also major issues in the European Parliament. Renewable energies were vital for the continent’s security as well, after having been so reliant on Russian gas. He highlighted Latvia’s transition to being able to run on 100 % renewable energy, at least for a while. Mr Hojsik hoped for even greater commitment to Baltic Sea cooperation. BSPC President Møller asked about the establishment of a European military. EP Vice-President Hojsik saw closer collaboration than ever before in security in the future as Europe was realizing the necessity to defend itself. The EU and NATO collaboration had to be reinforced. Joint purchasing of arms across countries would save money and ensure better coordination of the militaries. Mr Schraps thanked Mr Hojsik for his call for more European Parliament engagement and assured him that the BSPC delegations would also encourage EP candidates from their countries to be active in Baltic cooperation. Energy Security on the Way to Climate Neutrality Ms Paula Pinho , European Commission, GD Energy, the Director for Just Transition, Consumers, Energy Efficiency, and Innovation Ms Pinho agreed with Mr Hojsik that the energy security and the clean transition were two sides of the same coin. Renewable energies replacing fossil fuels was the way forward to an autonomous Europe, although greater efficiency and energy saving were also vital. She pointed to the RePower EU plan to strengthen the continent’s security of supply by reducing the dependence on Russian gas, by diversifying supply sources, and by accelerating the energy transition to reach climate neutrality by 2050. Ms Pinho highlighted the effective bans on Russian gas imports by Baltic and other countries as part of the Baltic Sea region’s transition – ironically accelerated by Russia’s actions. Between the summer of 2022 and the end of 2023, gas consumption had been reduced by 18 % in the EU, exceeding the voluntary 15 % goal. That morning, the Energy Council had endorsed further reduction of gas demand. Diversification had also been exemplified by the Baltic Sea region through a range of sources including Norway or as LNG from the US but also shared usage of infrastructure across the region, e.g., flexible floating storage regasification units. The regulatory framework TEN-E had pushed forward a number of relevant infrastructure projects, such as the gas connection between Poland and Lithuania, further integrating the Baltic states and Finland into the European energy market. The Baltic Sea region benefited from competition and diversified supply sources. At the same time, the importance of back-up supply lines had recently been highlighted. The Baltic electricity market had also been coupled with the Nordic market, another key step in the integration of all EU member states. This Baltic Synchronisation Project was still ongoing to fully integrate the Baltic states, aiming for early 2025. As for renewables, Ms Pinho pointed out that 2023 had been the first year that electricity had been produced more by renewable energy than fossil fuels. The potential of offshore renewable energy was particularly high in the Baltic Sea region. The decarbonisation of the energy market was proceeding well. However, the protection of critical infrastructure was of paramount importance, as evidenced by the damage to the Baltic interconnector or the disruption of the Estland tube. Legislation such as the Directive on the Resilience of Critical Entities from 2023 or the Directive on Measures for a High Common Level of Cyber-Security across the Union were key pieces of solidifying EU security. President Møller pointed to the upcoming meeting of the BSPC Working Group on Energy Security, Self-sustainability, Resilience, and Connectivity two weeks later in Helsinki which would deepen a number of those concerns. In light of Ms Pinho’s comments about diversified sources and types of energy, Mr Staffan Eklöf raised the recently built nuclear reactor project in northern Finland which had stabilised the energy supply for Sweden as well. As such, he wondered about the Commission’s view on how nuclear power could be integrated in this transition. Ms Pinho replied that the Commission considered nuclear power part of the energy mix and the prerogative of member states to choose their own supplies, although the Commission was highly encouraging non-fossil energy sources. Prof Jānis Vucāns referenced the infrastructure security concerns, wondering about the financial tools that could protect this infrastructure. Ms Pinho noted that some stress tests were currently being run to determine opportunities for improved cyber protection. In that respect, additional funding was being discussed. Mr Johannes Schraps approved of Ms Pinho’s overview of what had already been achieved while he also appreciated the challenges still to be overcome. He asked about priorities in ensuring that all EU countries had sufficient numbers of connections. Ms Pinho said that there were two work streams here: One was the expansion of renewable energy as domestic energy sources. Yet gas could not be phased out quickly, and she highlighted the diversification of sources through new infrastructure projects over the past two years. The Commission continued to analyse where infrastructure could be reinforced or added. She underlined that they were already working on ensuring the energy supply for the next winter. Mr Alfons Röblom from Åland noted the recent explosion of interest in offshore wind farms. He asked if the Commission could provide guidance to smaller states and communities, such as best practice examples or on investment. Ms Pinho noted the high-level group BEMEP as an example of a forum identifying and sharing best practices. The Commission also provided guidance on offshore energy facilities. Ms Anna Kassautzki pointed to a German tech fund for open source software development for infrastructure and cybersecurity. She asked if a European equivalent, crossing borders, was being developed. Ms Pinho said that the directives she mentioned before also addressed the software aspect of cybersecurity. They were also intended to promote training in the respective skills. Secretary General Bodo Bahr stressed that by far the major CO 2 emitters in the world were China, the USA, and India. He wondered how the progress of the Baltic Sea region and Europe as a whole could influence these countries to curtail their emissions. Ms Pinho concurred since the countries in question represented more than 50 % of greenhouse gas emissions while the EU produced 9 %. One example of the EU’s influence was the global pledge by 130 countries at the latest COP to double energy efficiency by 2030 and tripling renewable energy capacity. This pledge had been initiated by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. Decarbonisation was no longer just a European journey but a global one. President Møller added that Denmark had a minuscule share of global emissions, but the Danish solutions could impact the world, noting a green partnership with India. Progress Report from the Council of the Baltic Sea States Ambassador Helena Tuuri , Chair of the Committee of Senior Officials of the Council of the Baltic Sea States, Ambassador for Baltic Sea Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland Ms Tuuri listed the three cross-cutting themes of the Finnish CBSS presidency: overall societal security, crisis preparedness, and resilience. The CBSS was strictly divided in the political level and practical cooperation. The latter made up the major task of the organisation across several ministries. The Russian war of aggression had deeply changed and modernised the CBSS, renewing the working group level and concentrating the practical work on a safe and secure region – one of the fundamental priorities of the organisation. Ms Tuuri noted that member states had become more interested and invested in this work. A recent innovation was the youth forum which was also contributing to the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea region as well as cooperating with the BSPC in their own youth forum. A youth ministerial meeting – focused on the activation of young people in elections – would accompany the foreign ministers’ meeting. The latter, looking into resilience and such geopolitically influenced topics, was still being prepared by the Finnish delegation. Mr Bodo Bahr noted the BSPC’s recommendation for the CBSS to return to head of governments’ meetings alternating with the foreign ministers’ meetings. He wondered about any progress in this regard. Ms Tuuri said there had been a few conversations but no concrete achievements. Mr Johannes Schraps was glad that democratic cooperation in the Baltic Sea region had been reinforced and was no longer seen as just a bridge to Russia. He cherished the CBSS secretariat’s work in youth participation. Mr Staffan Eklöf appreciated the practical side of the CBSS, such as working on solutions to the horrors of human trafficking. He wondered if more topics would be opened up in that approach. Ms Tuuri regretted that was not the case at this time. Progress Report on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Oceans and the Current Main Activities of the EU Commission regarding the Ocean Policy with a Particular View to the Baltic Sea Ms Veronica Manfredi , European Commission, GD Environment, the Director for Zero Pollution Ms Manfredi remarked that the biodiversity crisis had not spared the Baltic Sea where pollution was still ever-present as was eutrophication. Together with pressure from shipping, vital socio-economic activities were affected, in particular the fishery sector. Here, she noted that even if all fishing were to stop at this moment, rebuilding the fish stocks would take several decades. Thus, a holistic approach beyond just fishing quotas was needed, also targeting aforementioned issues such as eutrophication. The Commissioner had organised two Our Baltic ministerial conferences, leading to significant developments. Overall, the implementation was advancing rather well. Efforts on improving marine biodiversity and reducing pollution had progressed far; eutrophication, though, needed more work. Commitments on a sustainable economy were still at an early stage. At the European level, implementation was going well, too, especially thanks to the Green Deal. She was proud of four achievements in particular: Between 2022 and 2023, EU-wide limits for marine litter, seabed loss, and other water noise had been enacted. In January 2024, new European rules supplementing the urban wastewater directive had been adopted, strengthening nutrient standards and treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus. At the regional level, in 2021, HELCOM had updated the Baltic Sea Action Plan with more than 200 measures aimed to achieve a good environmental status of the Baltic Sea. At the national level, all Baltic Sea member states had complemented the other measures with their own initiatives to reduce plastic pollution. Nonetheless, it was clear that more still had to be done. The focus in revamping efforts should be on eutrophication as this was suffocating the sea and marine life. Ms Manfredi highlighted efforts to save the harbour porpoise. Fishing impacts had to be reduced. She also spoke on sea-dumped munitions, a favoured topic of the BSPC: Some 50,000 tonnes of conventional and chemical weapons were estimated to be on the bottom of the Baltic Sea, posing a danger to human and marine life as well as to economic development. Offshore wind farms, undersea cables and pipelines as well as their security increased the odds of encountering these munitions. The Commission had been working on a holistic approach since 2019, inventorying the extent of the munitions in the Baltic Sea as well as funding projects such as DAIMON I to develop appropriate, environmentally friendly tools and technologies to tackle this matter. Today, it was known that these munitions already heavily affected marine biology. At a 2023 meeting, further commitments had been agreed upon, strengthening all regional forums as well as comprehensive mapping and risk assessment. Priorities for coordinated action would be set by 2027. Meanwhile, relevant financial options for funding retrieval measures would be explored. The Commission had allocated 2 million euros for this purpose. Ms Anna Kassautzki , BSPC Rapporteur on Sea-Dumped Munitions, appreciated the topic being on the Commission’s agenda. Rather than 50,000 tonnes, her information was that there were 400,000 tonnes of conventional munitions and 40,000 of chemical ordinance in the Baltic Sea. She underlined the BSPC’s goal of having these munitions removed within the coming twenty years, also in light of the Baltic Sea’s slow water exchange, worsening the impact on the local ecosystem. Moving on, she noted that the rules on state aid were hindrances to her state transforming their fishery fleet to a sustainable model. She wondered if changes might be implemented in the future. Ms Manfredi underlined the current EU call for developing the highly complex technology needed for munitions retrieval and disposal. Regarding the fishery question, she was not aware of any such plans, yet pointed to a financial tool of the EU that might be of help. Mr Alfons Röblom wondered about the Commission’s view on deep-sea mining as its effect on the ecosystem was not fully explored. Ms Manfredi answered that the permission process echoed that on land, i.e., that sufficient understanding of the risk had to be provided. In deep-sea mining, the Commission called for maximum caution. Mr Staffan Eklöf asked how the Commission decided which resources to allocate for which desired outcome as well as how conflicting goals were tackled, such as offshore wind farms being built on bio-intensive shallows. Ms Manfredi replied that the political priorities were set by the president of the Commission, to be validated by the European parliament and the EU heads of state. One such priority was the Green Deal. She noted that major environmental risk assessments were required before such placements were chosen so that – in an ideal world – no such permit should be granted and irreparable damage avoided. Mr Johannes Schraps applauded the fact that directors like Ms Manfredi were well-versed in the fields the BSPC had been working on and encouraged the Commission to launch more initiatives which would receive the BSPC’s support. He asked about the Commission’s current stance on CO 2 storage. Ms Manfredi agreed the high importance of such marine storage which was likely to play a greater role than land-based restored nature. Secretary General Bahr noted that the member governments of the BSPC provided overviews on their implementation of the BSPC resolution’s demands. He suggested a similar statement, on topics such as sea-dumped ammunition or biodiversity, from the EU Commission. Prof Jānis Vucāns saw the problem of local fishing was often hampered by too little information, sometimes because of lacking cooperation across scientific institutions in various regions. He also asked about fish farms and marine laboratories to investigate the effects of wind farms. Ms Manfredi was glad that all the Commission’s work was based on scientific advice, noting that scientific communities were moving closer and closer together, especially in fishery. Here, she highlighted HELCOM. For offshore wind farms, the Commission was aiming for win-win situations for all sides which could also include connected fish farms and targeted fishing permits as well as tourism. “Being smart by design” was her headline for these activities. HELCOM Update 2023, 2024 – and beyond Mr Rüdiger Strempel , Executive Secretary of the Helsinki Commission Mr Strempel noted that HELCOM was all about the Baltic Sea – a unique and vulnerable sea with a huge catchment area quadrupling the sea area itself. HELCOM had ten contracting parties, including Russia and the European Union. He underlined that HELCOM was science-based, referring to the expert groups feeding scientific information to the – currently eight – working groups, structured around the Secretariat and the meetings of the Heads of Delegations. Based on the Helsinki Convention, HELCOM issued recommendations to governments, which, though not legally binding, were generally implemented. Action plans and projects – in particular the Baltic Sea Action Plan at the heart of the organisation’s activities – addressed the bigger picture. Monitoring and assessments reviewed the progress made. The geopolitical changes since 2022 had necessitated a so-called strategic pause, postponing all official HELCOM meetings, with informal consultations of the other nine Contracting Partners (H9) taking their place. Due to the unanimity requirement, decisions taken by the H9 were communicated to Russia through the Secretariat by means of a written procedure. Russia’s willingness to cooperate on this basis had decreased over time. He moved on to the third HELCOM holistic assessment of 2023, detailing the state of the Baltic Sea, providing decision-makers with the state of the environment during the period assessed, as well as information on the spatial variation, trends in development over time, the distribution of pressures, and the effects of enacted measures. Unfortunately, there had been scant overall progress in the review period from 2016 – 2021. However, regional measures were seen to have a beneficial effect on the marine environment of the Baltic Sea. Mr Strempel pointed to HELCOM’s central roadmap towards a healthy status of the Baltic Sea, the2021 Baltic Sea Action Plan (2021 BSAP), focusing on a healthy ecosystem, hazardous substances and litter, sustainable sea-based activities, and eutrophication. Overarching topics interacting with those focuses comprised climate change, financing, knowledge exchange, and monitoring, among others. The 2021 Baltic Sea Action Plan’s 199 actions each had individual target years for implementation, specific criteria to assess said implementation, and ownership had been assigned to certain HELCOM bodies. Mr Strempel highlighted the HELCOM Explorer on their website, allowing real-time tracking of progress in implementing the 2021 BSAP for any visitor. Other tools HELCOM had developed included the Climate Change Fact Sheet – detailing current scientific understanding, the Science Agenda, and a regional roadmap for maritime spatial planning. As for the present activities, the Baltic Sea Action Plan would continue to be implemented. In 2023, HELCOM had restructured its working groups and completed its third holistic assessment. That assessment had also shown that hazardous substances appeared to be equally significant as eutrophication as a major problem in the Baltic Sea, which HELCOM would address with greater vigour. A few days before, the annual Baltic Stakeholder Conference had been held in Helsinki, dedicated to Protect Baltic, a biodiversity-related project and the biggest projtc HELCOM had ever engaged in. In April, the Informal Consultation Meeting of the Helsinki Commission would be held in Riga, followed back to back by the Ministerial Meeting on the Baltic Sea Marine Environment. In conjunction with that, HELCOM would celebrate its 50 th anniversary, also in Riga. Mr Strempel stressed HELCOM’s cooperation with partner organisations, such as the BSPC, and a number of regional and global frameworks, including the EU and the CBSS. He mentioned that HELCOM was currently chaired by Latvia, which would hand over to Lithuania in July 2024. Latvia’s priorities were maintaining HELCOM as an effective and well-functioning organisation, the implementation of the Baltic Sea Action Plan as well as strengthening the role of regional cooperation. The priorities of Lithuania were still being defined and would likely be announced at the upcoming ministerial meeting in April 2024. In the future, the work on the Baltic Sea Action Plan with its goal of 2030 would continue while the fourth holistic assessment was being prepared. Mr Enn Eesmaa asked if HELCOM had considered the possible effects of the Gulf Stream changing or ceasing to exist. Mr Strempel pointed to HELCOM’s Climate Change Fact Sheet which also scientifically investigated future impacts, although no changes to the Gulf Stream were included here. Ms Anna Kassautzki regretted that pressing security concerns had reduced the focus on the issue of sea-dumped ammunitions, wondering if that could be pushed to the fore at the meeting with environmental ministers in the autumn. Mr Strempel still saw sea-dumped ammunition as a firm part of the agenda, having gained momentum in the past couple of years. It was also part of the Baltic Sea Action Plan. While it might not be central to the public discussion, the munitions were still at the forefront of HELCOM’s efforts. Mr Mikko Polvinen inquired about the contacts to Russia. Mr Strempel considered the effect of the Russian war of aggression on HELCOM to be more institutional rather than environmental. He referred back to the strategic pause on the political level taken by the organisation. Some technical and scientific data, though, had been provided by Russia, although he could not foretell if or for how long this would continue. It was impossible to tell if Russia was implementing the Baltic Sea Action Plan. Future Accommodation of the BSPC Secretariat and Related Questions The BSPC had discussed finding a new accommodation for the BSPC Secretariat for a long time, mulling over a number of options with various pros and cons. Ms Kristina Herbst , President of the Parliament of Schleswig-Holstein, submitted the offer to take on these tasks. From the 2025 budget on, the parliament could take over the budgetary functions from the state parliament of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern as well as serve as an employer for the Secretary General and an assistant. Ms Herbst deepened two alternatives. Schleswig-Holstein was offering to provide these services for five years, with an option to negotiate an extension if needed. President Møller remarked that the previously explored options had proven more complicated than expected. Prof Jānis Vucāns maintained that at some point in the future, the BSPC would have to become an officially registered international organisation with a headquarters of their own. BSPC President Henrik Møller , Mr Alfons Röblom , Ms Kristina Herbst , Prof Jānis Vucāns , Mr Johannes Schraps , Ms Carola Veit, Mr Staffan Eklöf and Mr Bodo Bahr further considered this matter. BSPC President Møller noted that this discussion would be resumed at the upcoming meeting on the Faroe islands, envisioning a decision to be taken in Helsingør in August. Possible Joint Meetings of the BSPC with other parliamentary assemblies President Møller reviewed the situation and development since the Standing Committee meeting in Maribo. He noted the letter from the BSPC member organisation Baltic Assembly stating their position regarding the current situation unequivocally. Mr Johannes Schraps, Mr Staffan Eklöf, Mr Andrius Kupčinskas, Ms Carola Veit pointed out their current view on the situation. The meeting underlined it’s decision from November not to pursue joint meetings with other parliamentary organisations if an apparent and sufficient distancing from the aggressor is not fulfilled. President Møller said that this discussion would be continued at the next meeting on the Faroe Islands. Various Matters President Møller remarked that the first meeting in Riga of the Working Group on Energy Security, Self-sustainability, Resilience, and Connectivity (ESSRC) had been quite interesting and voiced his hope for the next meeting in Helsinki to be equally fruitful. Ms Anna Kassautzki , Rapporteur on Sea-Dumped Munitions, was pleased that the European Commission was still focused on this topic since the national discussion in Germany had been dominated by questions of the Russian war against Ukraine. She called on her colleagues to expedite the governmental response to this topic. Furthermore, she said that she would continue her cooperation with the CBSS and HELCOM to remove the ammunition from the Baltic Sea in the next 19 years. Mr Alfons Röblom , the new head of the Åland delegation, was appointed Vice-President of the BSPC, as a precursor to serving as President of the BSPC during the Åland BSPC Presidency 2024 – 2025. The Standing Committee approved the budget report for the preceding year and the budget for 2024. Mr Mikko Polvinen suggested an informal meeting of the Standing Committee in the near future in his home country. He noted that Finland had the longest land border with Russia, citing the rise of hybrid attacks in recent times, including the push of migrants into democratic countries. As such, he asked for the Standing Committee to more deeply investigate the security situation of the Baltic Sea region. Part of that was to learn from the Baltic states how they had handled similar events. Further photos are available under the following link.: https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/photoset/p_EP-165505A